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Comparison of The Efficacy of Intratesticular Lidocaine and Bupivacaine During Castration in Cats النص الكامل
2023
Tan, Belemir | Elma, Ertugrul | Pekcan, Zeynep
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intratesticularly administered lidocaine and bupivacaine in castration in cats. 20 cats were divided into two groups regardless of breed and age. 80 microgram/kg medetomidine injection was administered for sedation. 4 mg/kg lidocaine or 1 mg/kg bupivacaine were injected intratesticularly in lidocaine and bupivacaine groups respectively. Castration was performed with routine methods. The reactions of the animals to the incision and the extraction of the funiculus spermaticus were recorded. After the operation, the animals were awakened by atipamezole. The pulse rate, respiratory rate and pain scores were evaluated for 6 hours at half-hour intervals. UNESP-Botucatu cat pain scale, Grimace cat pain scale and Glasgow cat pain scale were used to evaluate pain scores. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in Grimace and Glasgow pain scores at the 150th min. and 180th min. postoperative evaluations (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in Botucatu pain score at the 60th, 90th, 150th, 180th, 300th and 330th min. (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the pulse and respiration values (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that bupivacaine should be preferred to lidocaine for long-lasting surgical procedures and postoperative analgesia due to its long duration of action.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method النص الكامل
2020
Woźniak-Sobczak, Barbara | Cybulski, Piotr | Jabłoński, Artur | Witek, Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska, Iwona
Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method النص الكامل
2020
Woźniak-Sobczak, Barbara | Cybulski, Piotr | Jabłoński, Artur | Witek, Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska, Iwona
An effective way of preventing undesirable boar taint in pork meat caused by the presence of androstenone, skatole and indole is surgical castration of piglets. This, however, arouses growing social opposition. An alternative method of inhibiting the development of unpleasant odour is immune castration. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of both methods of castration for the elimination of the compounds responsible and to assess the suitability of oral fluid for pre-slaughter predictive testing for boar taint. The research material was pooled oral fluid and fat samples taken from gilts and surgically and immunologically castrated piglets. The samples were tested with a liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry method developed in this research. The compounds giving rise to boar taint were found only sporadically above the accepted limits; only one sample of oral fluid contained skatole at a concentration above 200 μg L⁻¹ and one contained indole more concentrated than 100 μg L⁻¹. Indole above the limit value was also detected in one fat sample. In none of the tested samples was androstenone found. The results indicate the similar effectiveness of both methods of piglet castration on the reduction of compounds generating boar taint. The usefulness of testing oral fluid for the ante-mortem prediction of boar taint has not been fully confirmed and further investigation is needed.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of the effect of surgical and immunological castration of male pigs on boar taint compounds in oral fluid and fat tissue by LC-MS/MS method النص الكامل
2020
Woźniak Barbara | Cybulski Piotr | Jabłoński Artur | Witek Sebastian | Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona
An effective way of preventing undesirable boar taint in pork meat caused by the presence of androstenone, skatole and indole is surgical castration of piglets. This, however, arouses growing social opposition. An alternative method of inhibiting the development of unpleasant odour is immune castration. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of both methods of castration for the elimination of the compounds responsible and to assess the suitability of oral fluid for pre-slaughter predictive testing for boar taint.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impact of early castration and health status on the performance of Holstein-Friesian and beef crossbred calves النص الكامل
2016
Wielgosz-Groth, Zofia | Sobczuk-Szul, Monika | Nogalski, Zenon | Purwin, Cezary | Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, Paulina | Winarski, Rafał
Impact of early castration and health status on the performance of Holstein-Friesian and beef crossbred calves النص الكامل
2016
Wielgosz-Groth, Zofia | Sobczuk-Szul, Monika | Nogalski, Zenon | Purwin, Cezary | Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, Paulina | Winarski, Rafał
Introduction: This article presents the analysis of the correlation between the category and health status of calves and the results of their rearing and levels of selected blood parameters.Material and Methods: The study included 105 Polish Holstein-Friesian and beef (Limousine, Charolaise and Hereford) crossbred calves. Young bulls were purchased at the age of two to four weeks. The animals underwent quarantine, were dehorned, and 46 young bulls were castrated. The germ horns were removed by burning out. Castration was carried out with a bloodless method using a rubber band. The calves were kept in groups and fed a milk replacer administered via teats from automated milk-feeding stations. After the period of milk feeding, the calves were fed grass silage ad libitum and a concentrate at 2.5 kg/animal/day. The calves were weighed every two weeks. Blood for analyses was sampled at 43 d of age.Results: After the rearing period finished at the age of six months, young bulls and steers had similar body weights (176.17 and 176.55 kg) and approximate average daily weight gains from birth (0.756 and 0.767 g/day). The healthy calves at six months of age weighed 180.47 kg, whereas the animals which at least once suffered from some diseases during rearing were lighter by approx. 30 kg (P ≤ 0.01). A statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) difference was found for the count of red blood cells and white blood cells. In comparison with healthy individuals, the diseased animals had less RBC (8.33 and 9.42 10¹²/L respectively) and more WBC (27.03 and 12.26 10⁹/L respectively).Conclusion: Castration of young bulls did not have any impact on the results of rearing and health status of the calves. The magnitude of the analysed parameters depended on the health status of the calves. Thus RBC and WBC parameters may be used to predict the health status of calves during rearing.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Impact of early castration and health status on the performance of Holstein-Friesian and beef crossbred calves النص الكامل
2016
Wielgosz-Groth Zofia | Sobczuk-Szul Monika | Nogalski Zenon | Purwin Cezary | Pogorzelska-Przybyłek Paulina | Winarski Rafał
Introduction: This article presents the analysis of the correlation between the category and health status of calves and the results of their rearing and levels of selected blood parameters.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of diabetes mellitus regulation in dogs treated with ophthalmic preparations of prednisolone acetate versus diclofenac sodium النص الكامل
2019
Rankin, Amy J. | Kukanich, Kate S. | Schermerhorn, Thomas | Bello, Nora M. | Huey, Jane Ashley | Fentiman, Katelyn E. | Meekins, Jessica M.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare regulation of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with cataracts and well-controlled DM that received an ophthalmic preparation of prednisolone acetate versus diclofenac sodium. ANIMALS 22 client-owned dogs with cataracts and well-controlled DM. PROCEDURES A prospective, randomized, double-masked, experimental study was conducted. On days 0 and 32, serum fructosamine concentrations (SFCs), clinical scores, and body weights were determined. Dogs were assigned to receive a topically administered ophthalmic preparation of either prednisolone acetate 1% or diclofenac sodium 0.1% in each eye 4 times daily for 28 days. Data analysis was conducted with generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Findings indicated no meaningful differences in SFCs, clinical scores, or body weights between the treatment groups on days 0 or 32. Clinical score on day 0 was positively associated with SFC, as indicated by the corresponding rate of change such that each 1 -unit increase in clinical score was associated with an approximately 45.6 ± 9.4 μmol/L increase in SFC. In addition, the least squares mean ± SEM SFC was higher in spayed females (539.20 ± 19.23 μmol/L; n = 12) than in castrated males (458.83 ± 23.70 μmol/L; 8) but did not substantially differ between sexually intact males (446.27 ± 49.72 μmol/L; 2) and spayed females or castrated males regardless of the treatment group assigned. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings indicated no evidence for any differential effect on DM regulation (assessed on the basis of SFCs, clinical scores, and body weights) in dogs treated topically with an ophthalmic preparation of prednisolone versus an ophthalmic preparation of diclofenac. Additional research investigating plasma concentrations of topically applied ophthalmic glucocorticoid medications is warranted.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Comparative study of 2 surgical techniques for castration of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) النص الكامل
2015
Guilmette, Josee | Langlois, Isabelle | Helie, Pierre | de Oliveira El Warrak, Alexander
The objective of this study was to compare 2 surgical approaches (scrotal or abdominal) for castration of guinea pigs and to investigate post-operative infection rates with either technique. Forty-eight guinea pigs were castrated by scrotal or abdominal technique after being randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 24). Individuals were either castrated by an experienced exotic animal surgeon (n = 12) or by an experienced small animal surgeon (n = 12). Surgical wounds were evaluated daily before euthanasia for histological evaluation 2 wks after surgery. Post-operative infection rate was significantly higher in the scrotal group than in the abdominal group, with a higher rate for the experienced small animal surgeon. Castration of guinea pigs with the abdominal technique is significantly faster and has a significantly lower post-operative infection rate than the scrotal technique.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Evaluation of inflammatory and hemostatic surgical stress responses in male cats after castration under general anesthesia with or without local anesthesia النص الكامل
2012
(Jolle)
Objective: To characterize acute inflammatory and hemostatic surgical stress responses following castration in cats and to evaluate whether the addition of local anesthesia to the anesthetic protocol attenuates these responses. Animals: 39 male cats. Procedures: Cats undergoing castration were randomly assigned to 2 groups: both groups underwent surgery with general anesthesia, and 1 group additionally received a local anesthetic (lidocaine [2.0 mg/kg in total, divided intratesticularly and SC]) prior to incision. Blood samples were collected after anesthetic induction (baseline) and 1, 5, and 24 hours later. Thromboelastography and coagulation variables (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and prothrombin time [PT]) were analyzed; fibrinolysis was assessed with plasma D-dimer concentrations. The acute-phase response was evaluated via measurement of plasma fibrinogen and serum amyloid A (last time point, 28 hours) concentrations. Hematologic variables were analyzed at baseline and 1, 5, and 24 hours later. Results: Evidence of hemostatic and inflammatory activation after surgery was detected in both groups. Maximum amplitude and G (global clot strength) were significantly increased at 24 hours, and significant, but not clinically relevant, decreases were detected in aPTT at 5 and 24 hours and in PT at 24 hours, compared with baseline values. Serum amyloid A concentrations were significantly higher at 24 and 28 hours than at baseline, and plasma fibrinogen concentration was significantly increased at 24 hours; WBC and RBC counts and Hct were significantly increased at multiple time points. No differences between groups were detected for any variables. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Castration appeared to induce hypercoagulability and an acute-phase inflammatory response in cats. Local anesthesia with lidocaine did not attenuate this response.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Effects of age, sex, reproductive status, and hospitalization on serum alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration in dogs
1995
Hughes, D. | Elliott, D.A. | Washabau, R.J. | Kueppers, F.
We performed a study to determine a reference range for serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) in dogs by specific immunoassay; to evaluate whether serum alpha 1 AT concentration varied with age, sex, or reproductive status in healthy dogs; and to investigate whether the serum alpha 1 AT concentration in hospitalized dogs differed from that of healthy, nonhospitalized dogs. Serum alpha 1 AT was quantitated by radial gel immunodiffusion for 60 healthy dogs and 311 hospitalized dogs. In healthy dogs, serum alpha 1 AT concentration was 2.33 +/- 0.41 mg/ml (mean +/- SD), yielding a reference range (mean +/- 2 SD) of 1.51 to 3.15 mg/ml. A correlation was not found between serum alpha 1 AT concentration and age in healthy dogs. The serum alpha 1 AT concentration (mean +/- SEM mg/ml) was significantly higher in healthy, sexually intact females (2.64 +/- 0.1) than in healthy, spayed females (2.22 +/- 0.12; P < 0.004); healthy, sexually intact males (2.14 +/- 0.1; P < 0.0006); and healthy, castrated males (2.25 +/- 0.14; P < 0.02). Hospitalized, sexually intact females had a lower serum alpha 1 AT concentration (1.93 +/- 0.07) than healthy, sexually intact females (2.64 +/- 0.1; P < 0.0002). Likewise, the serum alpha 1 AT concentration in hospitalized, sexually intact males (1.92 +/- 0.04) was less than in healthy, sexually intact males (2.14 +/- 0.1; P < 0.04). A difference in alpha 1 AT concentration was not found between healthy and hospitalized, neutered dogs.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Canine corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry
1991
Gilger, B.C. | Whitley, R.D. | McLaughlin, S.A. | Wright, J.C. | Drane, J.W.
Ultrasonic pachymetry was used to measure central, superior peripheral, and temporal peripheral corneal thicknesses of 75 dogs (150 eyes) with normal corneas, anterior chambers, and intraocular pressure. Mean corneal thickness averaged over the 2 eyes, 3 locations, and 75 dogs was 562 +/- 6.2 micromole. The peripheral cornea was thicker on average than the central cornea by 49.43 +/- 8.45 micromole and this difference increased with age at 6.97 +/- 1.3 micromole/month of age. Mean corneal thickness changed with age (14.23 +/- 2.26 micromole/month), and weight (1.83 +/- 0.38 micromole/kg). Females had significantly thinner corneas (22.43 +/- 11.03 micromole than males) after adjusting for age and weight.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Effects of testosterone on the prevention of T-2 toxin-induced adrenocortical necrosis in mice
1989
Thurman, J.D. | Creasia, D.A. | Trotter, R.W.
To evaluate the effect of exogenous testosterone on the development of T-2 toxin-induced necrosis of adrenal glands, mice were allotted to 3 treatment groups. Each treatment group contained castrated male, and castrated and sexually intact female mice. Each mouse in group 1 was given 0.16 mg testosterone propionate at 48-hour intervals for a total of 12 infections, group-2 mice were given similar injections of only the vehicle, and group-3 mice were given no treatment. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the mice in all 3 groups were exposed for 10 minutes to an aerosol of T-2 toxin. All mice alive at 24 hours after exposure were euthanatized and the adrenal glands and thymuses were examined histologically. Necrosis of the adrenal cortex was not found in any of the mice given preexposure treatment with exogenous testosterone, whereas all mice given vehicle only or no treatment had T-2 toxin-induced necrosis of the inner portion of the adrenal cortex. Lymphocytolysis in the cortex of the thymus confirmed that each mouse of all 3 treatment groups had experienced systemic mycotoxicosis. The uniform severity of the lesion in all mice suggests that the thymus was not protected by exogenous testosterone administration or by the castration status of the mice. We propose that T-2 toxin-induced adrenal necrosis in mice is prevented by the presence of testosterone.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Sex hormone regulation of collagen concentrations in cranial cruciate ligaments of sexually immature male rabbits النص الكامل
2012
Light, Victoria A. | Montgomery, Ron D. | Akingbemi, Benson T.
Objective: To investigate the effects of gonadectomy on collagen homeostasis in cranial cruciate ligaments of male rabbits. Animals: 30 sexually immature (16-week-old) male New Zealand White rabbits. Procedures: Rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 6 rabbits each: sexually intact, placebo (control group); castrated, placebo; castrated, testosterone; castrated, dihydrotestosterone; and castrated, 17β-estradiol (E2). Control rabbits underwent a sham operation, and all other rabbits underwent gonadectomy. At the time of gonadectomy, the placebo and sex hormones were administered via slow-release pellets implanted subcutaneously as assigned. After 21 days of hormone supplementation, measurements were obtained of serum testosterone and E2 concentrations, ligament collagen characteristics, and androgen receptor, estrogen receoptor α, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Results: Following gonadectomy and hormone supplementation, the treatment groups differed in serum testosterone and E2 concentrations to various degrees. Collagen concentrations were lower and fiber diameters higher in the absence of sex hormones, in association with the degrees of estrogen receptor a and androgen receptor expression. Although differences were detected among the groups in matrix metalloproteinase expression, these differences were not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Sex hormones appeared to play a role in cranial cruciate ligament homeostasis in male rabbits. Physiologic changes triggered by the lack of sex hormones following gonadectomy in sexually immature rabbits may potentially predispose those rabbits to orthopedic injuries.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]