This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of a mixture of Sophorae radix and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer (1 : 1) ethanol extracts (SGE) on mice infected with Streptococcus (S.) pyogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of SGE necessary for antibacterial effects against S. pyogenes were 20§¡/mL. Based on the time-kill curves for S. pyogenes, SGE was effective at 4 ¡¿MIC after 16 h. On Day 12 after challenge, the survival rate of mice treated with 2.0 mg/kg SGE was 60%. In conclusion, SGE had potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities against S. pyogenes.

The objectives of the present study were to determine the infection rate of equine piroplasmosis (EP) in horses and ponies in Kelantan,Malaysia and compare the microscopic examination with competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) test as methods for diagnosis of EP. 306 blood samples were randomly collected from equids including 148 horses and 158 ponies in various districts of Kelantan, from September 2013 to March 2014. Based on microscopic examination of the staining blood smears, the infection rates ofTheileria equi, Babesia caballi and of both infections in horses were 19.59%, 25% and 8.78% respectively, whereas in ponies theinfection rates were 14.55%, 19.62%, and 5.69% respectively. Based on cELISA test, the infection rates of T. equi, B. caballi and of both infections in horses were 50.67%, 62.16% and 33.10% respectively,whereas in ponies, the infection rates were 51.89%, 63.92% and 35.44% respectively. No significant difference were observed between equids species associated with a seroprevalence of T. equi, B. caballi andof both infections (P≤ 0.05). According to the Kappa value there was no compatibility between microscopic examination and cELISA on the diagnosis of T. equi, B. caballi and of both infections which were 0.235, 0.013 and 0.080 respectively. In conclusion, the current results for this research work indicate that equine piroplasmosis is widespread in Kelantan, Malaysia and cELISA test is more efficientthan microscopic examination for diagnosis of EP.

Data at admission and at surgery were collected on 458 cows with right displacement of the abomasum or abomasal volvulus, to derive multiple logistic regression models for predicting postsurgical outcome (productive, salvaged, or terminal). The derived models contained few and easily obtained variables. The weight associated with each variable was determined objectively. Three admission variables (heart rate, base excess, and plasma chloride concentration), and 5 surgical variables (heart rate, base excess, diagnosis, method of decompression used, and appearance of abomasal serosa) were used in the final models. Predicted outcomes that used the admission and surgical models were closely related with actual outcomes. Total correct classification for satisfactory (productive) versus unsatisfactory outcome (salvaged and terminal) was 78.2% for the admission model and 82.7% for the surgical model. Combining data on cows with productive and salvaged outcomes as satisfactory outcome, and terminal as unsatisfactory outcome, total correct classification was 90.7% for the admission model and 93.2% for the surgical model. Using predicted probabilities, the market value of productive and salvaged cows, and the medical and surgical costs, one can calculate the expected economic value of each outcome. Treatment can be justified if the sum of the expected value of productive and salvaged outcome exceeds the sum of the medical and surgical costs and the expected salvaged value of the cow that was not treated surgically.

The bactericidal efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was evaluated against bacteria isolated from surface and ground water samples in Egypt. The AgNP were synthesized by typical one-step synthesis protocol, and were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The bactericidal efficiency of AgNP was evaluated by its application in three concentrations i.e., 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 ppm to water sample, and allowed to interact with bacteria for different duration e.g., 5 min 15 min, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h. Then, the bactericidal efficiency of AgNPs was determined by comparing the counted bacteria before and after the treatments. Higher mean values of total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC), and total streptococcal count (TFS) were detected in surface water than in ground water. Also, the results showed that TBC, TCC and TFS exceeded permissible limits. Application of AgNP at different concentration, the number of bacteria in TBC was significantly reduced in all AgNP-exposed samples as compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest concentration of AgNP exhibited highest bactericidal efficiency in TBC, where, after two hours, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 mg/L AgNP was found to be sufficient to inhibit 91.85, 89.14 and 74.92%, and 92.33, 85.23 and 53.17% in TBC of surface and ground water, respectively. Moreover, the inhibition efficiency of the highest concentration (0.1 ppm) against TCC reached to 98.10 and 99.88% in surface water and 95.54 and 99.20% in ground water after 1 h and 2 h, respectively. Similar results were found against TFS count. The AgNPs were found to be effective against bacteria of water origin.

Despite of presence of a wide choice of antihelminthics, in the Republic of Belarus it is still a real problem of development of preparations that provide long-term treatment and preventive maintenance efficiency against helminthosis. At the same time, helminthes and anthelminthics render the immunosuppression action. The solution of this problem can be a combined application of antihelminthics and adjuvants. There were proposed preparations Albepolis and Averpolis. Their application made it possible not only to release an organism of animals from parasites, but also to correct the state of immune system. The obtained research data confirm the available data about the immunosuppression action of parasites on an organism of animals. There was also is noted the immunosuppression action of Albendazol and Aversektin C in therapeutic doses. Albendazol possess a wide spectrum of action against trematodes, nematodes, cestodes. It interrupts the metabolism, oppresses fumarate reductase activity and adenosine triphosphate synthesis of a parasite. It proved to be low-toxic for homoiothermal animals. Albendazol rendered positove influence on growth, development and increase of cattle productivity.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a complex of studies of quality swine slaughter products against the background of combine applications of the albuminous-vitamin-mineral additive Immovit and an extract of hill-growing saltwort for the preventive maintenance and treatment of a toxic dystrophy of liver. Research results showed the analysed preparations did not render negative influence on quality and safety of produced meat products. Against the background of application of the albuminous-vitamin-mineral additive Immovit in combination with an extract of hill-growing saltwort there was stated the improvement of swine slaughter product quality. In products from the animals which were administrated with a complex of examined preparations there was stated an optimized moisture content, the increasing of a relative biological value of a product (101,3-103,8%), and according to the indexes of bacterial safety the experimental pork considerably surpassed the meat indexes from animals of control groups. At the same time, in slaughter animal products of control groups there were revealed coliform bacillus bacteria.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were determined the parameters of acute and subacute toxicological characteristics of the developed in the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine anthelmintic preparations of durable action Febolvetum-О for control of sheep strongylatosis and Febolvetum for control of strongylatosis of cattle young stock. Data on determination of toxicological parameters of the prolonged action bolus were presented. Research results showed that the preparations did not render negative influence on laboratory animals (white mice). According to the parameters of acute oral toxicity the Febolvetum was qualify as the third hazard class. In accordance with the results of study of subacute toxicity parameters of the preparations, it was concluded, that in the conditions of free feeding of Febolvetum boluse in combination with forages in course of 30 days in doses of 200 mg/kg; 150 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg of body weight in animals there were found no signs of intoxication; there were not stated any is not fixed deviations in physiological state; and were stated no mice death.