Plasma elimination rates of sulfamethazine (100 mg/kg of body weight, IV), trimethoprim (20 mg/kg, IV), and antipyrine (35 mg/kg, IV) were studied in adult female dwarf goats (n = 5) before and after implantation with trenbolone acetate (5 mg/kg). Pretreatment with trenbolone caused a significant decrease in the elimination rate of the drugs tested: for sulfamethazine, 5 times; for antipyrine, 3 times; and for trimethoprim, 2 times. After treatment with testosterone (1 mg/kg, SC, twice weekly for 2.5 weeks), female goats (n = 5) had a similar decrease in the elimination rate of sulfamethazine. Other induced effects included a change in social behavior, a lower voice, and the development of a typical billy goat-like odor. Plasma creatinine concentrations after androgen administration were significantly higher than those before androgen administration; changes were not observed in plasma urea values. Because of the differences observed, we believe that more attention should be paid to the effects of androgenic agents on drug kinetic properties, with particular reference to studies on clinical efficacy, side effects, and drug residues in food products.

In healthy adult goats, closure of the esophageal groove was induced by thirst, IV administered vasopressin, and intracarotid administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions. The efficiency of stimulation was tested directly by visual inspection of the course taken by orally administered solutions through a ruminal or abomasal fistula, palpation of the lips of the esophageal groove through a ruminal fistula, and indirectly by following the glucose dynamics in the blood after oral administration of glucose solution. Esophageal groove closure was observed during drinking after a 48-hour period of water deprivation. Intracarotid administration of 1.5 ml of a saturated solution or 10.5 ml of a 1.5% solution of NaCl also stimulated groove closure; however, groove closure stimulated by administration of vasopressin is the most satisfactory procedure for passing compounds of therapeutic importance directly from the cardiac orifice to the abomasum.

To investigate the effects of T-2 toxin on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes, pathology, hemogram and blood chemistry in the goat, the Korean native goats were treated orally with T-2 toxin for 21 days with a dosage of 0.6mg per kg body weight. The total count of leukocytes and lymphocytes decreased significantly from 14 to 21 days after treatment. Myeloid : erythroid ratios increased significantly on days 12 after treatment Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions to tuberculin were reduced predominantly. T-2 toxin induced prolonged prothrombin time. Mitogenic responses of lymphocytes to both lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin were significantly depressed on days 7 and 14 after treatment. Treatment of T-2 toxin caused marked depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches and spleen.

Mating experiments were performed to elucidate the distribution of perfect state of Microsporum gypseum complex originating from animals and soils in Korea. A total of 30 strains of M. gypseum complex, composed of 16 from animals and 14 from soils, mated with the tester strains of Nannizzia incurvata, N. gypsea and N. fulva. Among 30 strains of M. gypseum complex examined, 16 strains (53.3%) were N. incurvata, 13 strains (43.3%) N. gypsea and 1 strain (3.3%) N. fulva. Among 13 strains of dog isolates, 8 strains (61.5%) were N. incurvata and 5 strains (38.5%) N. gypsea. And each strain isolated from Korean native goat, monkey and albino rat was N. gypsea. Among 14 strains of soil isolates, 8 strains (57.2%) were N. incurvata, 5 strains (35.7%) N. gypsea and 1 strain (7.2%) N. fulva. And - mating type was more frequently obseved than + mating type in the strains of N. incurvata and N. gypsea. By this study, N. fulva was isolated the first time in Korea.

In order to study the marked variation of red blood cell sedimentation rate in some species of animals, the packed cell volume, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using heteroplasma of chicken and goat, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at 27+-1 deg C and 8+-1 deg C. The values of packed cell volume (PCV) of goat and chicken were 40.7+-4.1% and 30.2+-2.2% respectively. The sedimentation rates of reshuffled red blood cell were settled faster at lower PCV than higher PCV, i.e. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimention rate and PCV. Red blood cells of chicken settled quickly, where as those of goat settled very slowly. Chicken red blood cell sedimented rapidly even in goat plasma, and goat red blood cell sedimented slowly in chicken plasma. These findings indicate that the plasma is not the only factor determining the rapid red blood cell sedimentation rate of chicken. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled red blood cell of chicken and goat were accelerated at higher temperature than lower temperature.

The measurement was investigated with 18 heads of fetus (60, 90, 120 days of gestation) and neonate in Korean native goats. The crown-rump length of fetuses at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 8.71, 20.83, 31.10 and 34.93 cm, respectively. The length of small intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 32.28, 157.10, 303.52 and 475.06 cm, respectively. The length of large intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 9.20, 37.70, 82.06 and 94.46 cm, respectively. The head length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 2.93+-0.07, 6.67+-0.13, 8.84+-0.51 and 9.76+-0.44 cm, respectively. The width of the head at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 2.20+-0.13, 4.45+-0.11, 5.33+-0.20 and 5.51+-0.32 cm, respectively.

The anatomical structure of pelvic limb of thirty-one adult Korean native goats (Body weight : 14-17kg) was observed after skeletal preparation, and the osteometry was performed in each bone. The pelvic limb of the Korean native goat was composed of the hip bone, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bone, phalanges and sesamoid bones. The hip bone consisted of the ilium, ischium and pubis which fused each other. The gluteal surface of the ilium was directed dorsolaterally. The tuber sacrale and tuber coxae were formed at the dorsal apex and ventrolateral part of the iliac wing, respectively. The lesser ischiatic notch was deeper than the greater one. The ischiatic tubercles were triangular and consisted of the dorsal, lateral and caudal ischiatic tubercles. The left and right hip bone indexes were 67.08, 66.20, the acetabular indexes were 93.78 and 92.10 and the obturator formen indexes were 53.84 and 54.77, respectively. In femur, both of the greater and lesser trochanter were well developed but the third trochanter was not observed. The left and right femur indexes were 26.55 and 26.14, head indexes were 81.66 and 81.49 and the trochlear-epicondyle indexes were 42.47 and 41.63, respectively. The patella was observed as an isosceles triangle with base lying proximal and the cranial surface was more convex. The tibial shaft was sigmoid (S-) shaped and the popliteal notch was deep. There was a large nutrient formen at the cranial aspect of the cranial intercondylar area. The tibial indexes were 22.09 (left) and 21.10 (right). The proximal extremity of the fibula was fused with the lateral condyle of the tibial but the distal one was observed independently as the malleolar bone.

Effects of age and season on type and occurrence of sperm abnormalities were examined in semen samples collected from 3 groups of Nubian bucks at ages of 4 to 9 months, 10 to 21 months, and 39 to 50 months. The average total percentage of sperm abnormalities at the onset of puberty (141 +/- 4 days) was 64.6 +/- 14.8% (head, 19.5 +/- 13.6%; middle piece, 17.2 +/- 9.3%; and proximal protoplasmic droplets, 14.6 +/- 10.5%), but this improved rapidly and was reduced to 12.5 +/- 7.5% by 8 months of age (head, 1.9 +/- 4.5%; middle piece, 4.6 +/- 2.8%). Further increase in age, at least up to 4 years, did not reveal a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on the type of percentage of total abnormalities. Similar to age, a comparison of data among seasons did not reveal a significant effect on the type or occurrence of sperm abnormalities in 10- to 21-month-old or 39- to 50-month-old bucks. Seemingly, Nubian bucks started producing good quality semen at 8 months of age, and season did not influence sperm abnormalities.

In healthy adult goats, closure of the esophageal groove was induced by thirst, IV administered vasopressin, and intracarotid administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions. The efficiency of stimulation was tested directly by visual inspection of the course taken by orally administered solutions through a ruminal or abomasal fistula, palpation of the lips of the esophageal groove through a ruminal fistula, and indirectly by following the glucose dynamics in the blood after oral administration of glucose solution. Esophageal groove closure was observed during drinking after a 48-hour period of water deprivation. Intracarotid administration of 1.5 ml of a saturated solution or 10.5 ml of a 1.5% solution of NaCl also stimulated groove closure; however, groove closure stimulated by administration of vasopressin is the most satisfactory procedure for passing compounds of therapeutic importance directly from the cardiac orifice to the abomasum.