BACKGROUND: Probiotics, in form of microbial supplements, are known to be a suitable alternative for antibiotics and can affect the health indicators of host. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the combined effects of dietary autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger on haematological and serumbiochemicalparameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Methods: This study was based on a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates on beluga juveniles with average weight of (mean ±SE) 31.8±2.81g. Beluga Juveniles were divided randomly into 12 fiber glassy tanks with density of 30 fish per tank and were fed with diet contain dietary probiotic with density of 2×106 (Cells/g) for the first treatment, 4×106 (Cells/g) for the second treatment, 6×106 (Cells/g) for the third treatment and basal diet without probiotic for the control group for 8 weeks. Results: Diet supplementing with concentration of 6×106 (Cells/g), significantly improved serum biochemical parameters (p<0.05), however hematological parameters were affected by supplemented diet with probiotics that showed no significant difference in comparison with the control group (p>0.05). Also results indicate that growth factors were improved in experimental treatments in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that the use of combination of these species with studied concentrations can improve the performance of some biochemical parameters such metabolites factors, immune, enzymes and serum electrolytes of belugajuveniles. It is recommended that the concentration of A. niger and S. cerevisiae, used for third treatment be used as an immune stimulator for beluga juveniles.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on rams’ haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters and reproductive performances. A total number of 12 Barbarine rams (control and infected) were included in the experiment. The infected group received 30 000 H. contortus third-stage larvae orally. Each ram’s ejaculate was immediately evaluated for volume, sperm cell concentration and mortality rate. At the end of the experiment (day 82 post-infection), which lasted 89 days, serial blood samples were collected in order to assess plasma testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. There was an effect of time, infection and their interaction on haematological parameters (p < 0.001). In infected rams, haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin started to decrease from 21 days post-infection. There was an effect of time and infection for albumin. For total protein, only infection had a statistically significant effect. For glucose, only time had a statistically significant effect. Concentrations were significantly lower in infected rams compared to control animals. A significant effect of infection and time on sperm concentrations and sperm mortality was observed. The effect of infection appears in time for sperm concentrations at days 69 and 76 post-infection. Sperm mortality rate was significantly higher in infected animals at day 46 post-infection when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Finally, plasma testosterone traits (average concentration, cumulated levels during the sampling period and pulse frequency) were depressed in infected rams when compared to control counterparts; none of these endocrine traits were affected for plasma LH.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in haematological parameters and the antioxidant system in the early and late pregnancy of red deer (Cervus elaphus).

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between cystatin C (Cys-C) and some hematologic and biochemical parameters in neonatal calves diarrhea. Materials and In this research the animal material of the study was obtained from different breeds, genders and ages (0-30 days) 10 samples have been taken from healthy neonatal calves and 22 samples from diarrhea calves which didn′t received any medicine. Otherwise, the general examination has been done for all the calves. The levels of hematologic, biochemical and blood gas have been determind for both healthy calves and neonatal calves diarrhea.Results: Depending on the control group, we have observed that the neonatal calves diarrhea hematologic parameters WBC, Neu, Hct, Hb levels (p<0.05) and biochemical parameter BUN (p<0.01) and Cr (p<0.05) level statistically have been increased. On the other hand, Alb (p<0.05) and glucose (p<0.01) levels have been decreased. In term of blood gas analysis and depending on the control group the level of K+ (p<0.05) has been increased, the levels of pH, pO2 and base (p<0.05) have been decreased. We evaluate the Cys-C level in the neonatal calves diarrhea and we have found that Cys-C level is statistically increased this was detected comparing to the control group (p <0.01).In this research the obtained level of Cys-C can be used as normal for calves; statistically there is no relationship between Cys-C and some of the hematologic and biochemical parameters, the Cys-C level in the calves diarrhea is an important parameter it can be used to determine the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease; but still much more research about the topic should be done.

This report describes atypical chronic trypanosomosis in a three year male Spitz dog. Fever, lethargy and anorexia were the early presenting signs without any hemato-biochemical abnormality. Peripheral blood smear examination was non-diagnostic on three consecutive times. Trypanosma evansi was confirmed in the Leishman stained thin blood smears (moderate parasetemia) on fourth parasitological examination. Biochemical profile showed a remarkable elevation in total serum bilirubin (6.7 mg%) and activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT) (950 IU/L) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (1050 IU/L) after a month. Anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia suggestive of bone marrow depression appeared by about 73 days of presentation of case. A rapid complete clinical recovery occurred within a week after treatment with quinapiramine sulphate and chloride combination @ 3.5mg/kg bwt. Hemoglobin, leucocyte and thrombocyte count improved within six days, however, liver enzyme activity normalized slowly over three months.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of geographical area (central and southwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina) on hematological and biochemical blood parameters of autochthonous Pramenka sheep. Materials and The study included 104 sheep from the Vlasic mountain (central part) (n = 52) and Livno (southwestern part) (n = 52). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein into Vactuainer tubes with EDTA anticoagulant for hematological, for glucose, analyses and BD Vacutainer® SST II gel for biochemical analyses. All hematological and biochemical analyses were performed within the next 24 hours, and until then the samples were kept at 4 °C. Hematological parameters included total Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscolar Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscolar Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and White Cell Differential Count (WCDC). Analyzes are carried out using the automated veterinary hematological analyzer Advia 120 SIEMENS. Blood in the serum tubes was allowed to clot for at least 30 min prior to centrifugation. Serum samples were kept frozen at -20 °C until biochemical analyses were performed. Biochemical parameters were determined by analyzer Olimpus AU400 with Beckman Coulter reagens according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Parameters for biochemistry panel included: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), urea (BUM), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol (CHO), bilirubin (BIL), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P),sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). All analyzes were tested to spectrophotometric method, except for Na, K, Cl, which were generated by ISE method, or by ion selective method. BHBA and NEFA were constructed with reagents from Randox.Results: The values of WBC (p<0.05), RBC (p<0.001), Hb (p<0.001), PCV (p<0.001), MCV (0.05), NEU (p<0.01) from the Livno area, while the value of LYM (p<0.05) was determined for sheep from the Vlasic area. The correlative values between RBC: Hb (P<0.001), RBC:PCV (P<0.001), WBC:NEU (P<0.001), WBC:LYM (P<0.001), WBC:BAS (P<0.001) areas. The correlative correlation at P<0.01 was established between RBC:MCH, RBC:PLT, RBC:MPV in sheep from Vlasica area, while correlative values at P<0.05 were established between RBC:MPC, WBC:MON for sheep from the Livno area. The values of BHB (p<0.001), total protein (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.001), urea (p<0.001), AST (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.001) , magnesium (p<0.001) were determined for sheep in area Livno. The values of NEFA (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.01), glucose (p<0.001), bilirubin (p<0.001), phosphate (p<0.001) were established for sheep in the Vlasic area. Correlative correlation (P<0.001) between total protein:chloride, calcium:phosphates, sodium:chlorides was found in animals from Vlasic area, while correlation was found (P<0.05) between sodium:chloride in animals from the Livno area.It was concluded that values showed significant differences for individual haematological and biochemical parameters in sheep for both investigated areas.

The present study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Randia dumetorum, Tinospora cordifolia and commercial herbal medicine (Prajana HS, Indian Herbs Overseas) for induction of cyclicity in anoestrus buffalo heifers.Fourty eight anoestrus buffalo heifers were examined and redistributed into six groups(G0, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) and each comprising of eight (n=8) animals. Untreated anoestrus animals (G0) andcyclic animals (G6) were kept as an anoestrus control and cyclic control, respectively. Group G1 wassupplemented with the mineral mixture, while G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups were treated with Prajana HS, Randiadumetorum,Tinospora cordifolia,and the combination of Randia dumetorum andTinospora cordifolia,respectively along with supplementation of mineral mixture. Overall estrus induction and conception rate were recorded as 50 % and 75 % in mineral mixture (G1),75 and 83.33 % in Prajana HS (G2), 87.50 % and 85.71 % in Randia dumetorum (G3), 62.5% and 80% inTinospora cordifolia (G4), and 87.5% and 85.71% in Randia dumetorum and Tinospora cordifolia combination(G5) whereas none of heifers were exhibited estrus symptom in untreated anoestrus control group.

A comprehensive study was conducted on the clinical observationsincluding clinical history, physical examination along with haematobiochemical alteration on 41 naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis from Punjab state, India. Examination of 964 dogs revealed 4.25 percent (41/964) prevalence of the disease including 3.84 percent (37) B. gibsoni and 0.41 percent (4) B. canis infected cases. Clinical and parasitological diagnosis was finally confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. A large variation of clinical anifestations including rare findings of paraplegia, blindness, ocular bleeding, immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA), ascites and skin lesions were observed among the affected animals. Bloodfilms showed anisocytosis and nucleated erythrocytes indicating regenerative anaemia. Blood parameters of the affected dogs revealed significant decrease in Hb, TEC, PCV and thrombocytes. Significantdecrease in lymphocytes was found in B. gibsoni affected animals. The affected dogs showed significant increase in serum bilirubin, ALT, AKP, BUN and creatinine. Haemato-biochemical observations wereindicative of severity of babesiosis in dogs.

Different types of skin lesions and their distribution in dogs withrecurrent pyoderma along with haematobiochemicalfindings were recorded in this study. Dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma revealed papules, pustules, crusted papules, erythema, alopecia,crusts, scales, plaques, hyper-pigmentation and pruritus. Dogs affected with recurrent deep pyoderma had symptoms like papules,pustules, cellulitis, ulcers, crusted papules, nodules, fistulous tracts, alopecia, scale formation, crusts, hyper-pigmentation,erosions and furunculosis, pain and edema. The major locations of lesions for recurrent superficial pyoderma included lateral abdomen, lateral thorax and dorsum, axilla, groin, hind limb, foot, neck and fore limb and head. Lesions of recurrent deep pyoderma were predominantly observed over dorsum and lateral abdomen followedby head, neck, hind limb, lower abdomen, axilla and groin, forelimb and lateral thorax. Haemato-biochemical findings revealed leucocytosis, increased in absolute neutrophil count, eosinophil count and high serum cholesterol levels. Affected dogs also had decreased haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count and serum albumin levels.

Newcastle and Influenza diseases are important viral diseases and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune responses of chickens vaccinated with inactivated dual oil emulsion Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccine in two methods of intramuscular and subcutaneous injection as well as to assess the possible changes in serum biochemical factors. In this study, after subcutaneous and intramuscular inoculation of inactivated dual oil emulsion Newcastle-Influenza vaccine, the serum antibody level and hematobiochemical factors of these avian were analyzed on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after vaccine injection.The results showed that the values of biochemical parameters such as albumin, glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes, sodium and potassium minerals, and hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens were not significantly different. Also, in chickens injected with antigen, Newcastle disease and influenza antibody titers were significantly different with those groups containing adjuvant.The results of this study indicate that the intramuscular and subcutaneous injection of dual combination vaccine is similar in terms of changes in biochemical and hematological factors and Newcastle disease and influenza antibody titers. To ensure safety in inactivated vaccines, the presence of proper adjuvant is essential for immune response.