Objective: Vibrio spp., particularly, Vibrio cholerae is a major etiology of diarrhea in humans worldwide. In this study, we isolated and identified V. cholerae from the human stool of suspected cases along with antibiogram. Materials and Methods: In total, 25 stool samples from cholera suspected patients were ana¬lyzed. Isolation and molecular detection of Vibrio species were performed based on staining, motility, cultural and biochemical characteristics followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using groEL gene-specific primers. Results: Among the 25 samples, seven showed growth of yellow color colonies on Thiosulfate- Citrate-Bile salts-Sucrose agar plates. The isolates were Gram-negative, curved shaped, and motile. Biochemically, they were found positive for indole and Methyl Red tests and negative for VogesProskauer test. Out of the seven positive samples, only three isolates were confirmed as Vibrio spp. using genus-specific primers. Subsequently, these three isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae by PCR using V. cholerae groEL gene-specific primers. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed these three isolates as highly sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and norfloxacillin while resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, and oxacillin. Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae were isolated from the stool of diarrheic human patients and confirmed by PCR targeting the groEL gene. The isolates were found resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline and oxacillin, and need further characterization to reveal the molecular basis of their origin and resistance. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(4.000): 451-455]

Consumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is the main source of sporadic campylobacteriosis in humans, while fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance and analyze phylogenetics by sequencing gyrase subunit A from broiler Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The contents of 200 chicken intestines were taken from chicken farms in 4 sub-districts (Sukorejo, Pandaan, Kejayan, and Grati) in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. The Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypically. Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance genotypically through detection of the gyrA gene. A phylogenetic tree based on gyrA genes was created using MEGA12. The results showed that 31 Campylobacter jejuni isolates had high resistance to nalidixid acid (100%), enrofloxacin (96.7%), and ciprofloxacin (93.6%). All Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) were fluoroquinolone resistant phenotypically and had the gyrA gene genotypically. Phylogenic analysis showed that the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene sequence isolated from broilers from different sub-districts were highly related. Sequence results from broilers with gyrA gene sequences from humans appear to be in the same cluster, indicating that zoonotic transmission can occur. The discovery of a high percentage of fluoroquinolone resistance genes, where fluoroquinolone is the first line drug for the treatment of diarrhea in humans, should certainly be an important issue related to human health.