A total of 30 dairy cows were attended in veterinary practice investigations have been done under Egyptian conditions, in Seds farm belong to animal production research institute , from the reproductive perspective . the study divided the animals according to parities to - one parity , two parity , three parity and more than three parity .The study followed values of some biochemical parameters glucose, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium ,cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin ,total protein and urea. showed that cows affected by hypocalcaemia. The most important notifeibal results in postpartum 1-7 days the calcium level of cows with parity one calcium level were 7.06 gm /dl while in cows with parity two were 6.64 gm/dl, in cows with three parity 6.6 gm /dl and cows more than three parity calcium level were 6.91 gm/dl. 14-21 days post partum .4 cows with parity one calcium level were 7.46 gm /dl, first parity cows has along interval from calving to estrus ,days open and number of services. cows with parity two has along period to come in first estrus at 86 ±5.6 s days and long days open which were 106±4.7 days. But NO. of services were high in cows with more than three parity 1.9±0.16

Recumbency is a frequent symptom occurring throughout lactation. Its cause can be related to the energy or mineral metabolism, or to trauma or infectious diseases. We compared various clinical chemistry parameters between healthy and recumbent cows and between cows with different causes of recumbency and determined if hypocalcaemia manifests in later lactation. Recumbent (n = 32) and healthy (n = 32) German Holstein cows were studied. After clinical examination, a serum sample was taken to measure the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Pi, β-hydroxybutyrate, total bilirubin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, and creatinine as well as activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and γ-glutamyl transferase in recumbent cows > 5 d in milk and control cows matched for age, lactation number, and pregnancy stage. In recumbent cows, mean serum concentrations of NEFA, bilirubin, and CK were statistically higher, while those of Fe, K, and Pi were significantly lower. Parameters compared between different recumbency diagnoses showed some descriptive Fe, K, urea, and AST differences, but these were not statistically significant. The results show that only a limited number of parameters have diagnostic besides therapeutic value. Although of minor importance in our study, hypocalcaemia should be considered a cause of recumbency, even outside the typical risk period of parturient paresis.

In this study, we investigate the status of calcium (Ca) homeostasis at parturition in three dairy farms (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ), Heilongjiang, China. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows from each farm were randomly assigned to this experiment. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) was 91 mEq/kg of DM for farm Ⅰ, 152 mEq/kg of DM for farm Ⅱ, and 85 mEq/kg of DM for farm Ⅲ. Incidence of hypocalcemia was above 75% and urine pH was above 7.25 at calving in each farm. Compared to other farms, cows in farm Ⅱ that fed the greatest positive DCAD had the lowest concentration of serum Ca, the highest concentration of serum PTH, and the greatest urine pH at calving (p less than 0.05). However, there was not significant difference in serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D and hydroxyproline concentration of the cows among three farms. This is the first study to confirm that hypocalcemia is very prevalent at calving in Chinese dairy farms, and the high positive DCAD is a major risk factor that results in hypocalcemia at calving, which may reduce ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis.

A miniature schnauzer (8 years old, male castrated), diagnosed as diabetes mellitus 6 months ahead, were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of our University with hindlimb stiffness, facial rubbing and tetany. Serum chemistry showed severe hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and measured iPTH (intact pharathyroid hormone) concentration was low (less than 3.0 pmol/L). Consistent rate injection of calcium gluconate (282 mg/kg over 30 min) resulted in prompt relief of the tetany. Then typical treatment for hypoparathyroidism (calcium gluconate and dihydrotachysterol per os) with magnesium administration could control the neuromuscular signs. Diabetes mellitus is being controlled by insulin therapy and prescription diet. Hypomagnesemia in diabetic dog may be induced hypoparathyrodism.