BACKGROUND: Honey bee Chalkbrood disease is a fungal disease that is distributed in apiaries in the north provinces of Iran. Chalkbrood causative agent is Ascospaharea apis that can survive in colonies products for many years. Many chemical materials are used for control of Chalkbrood disease in honeybee colonies that can make some problems in honeybee consumer products, so  that survival of safe material and methods for honeybee colonies treatments is a important aim in honeybee research field. OBJECTIVES: In this study antifungal effects of the Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on the Ascospharea apis causative agent of honey bee Chalkbrood disease is examined. METHODS:  Simultaneous inoculation, Agar spot, Confrontation assay, Overlay assay methods are used. LABs are cultured in MRS and A.apis is cultured in SDA media. RESULTS: L.casei and L.acidophilus had moderate effects on the A.apis growth, but B.bifidum and LABs cell free supernatants(CFS) could not  inhibit growth of  this fungi. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this survey show that LABs have antifungal activities on the honey bee Chalkbrood disease agent in culture medium and may be used as an alternative method for control of this disease in the honeybee colonies.

Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Campylobacter spp. and LAB were isolated from the gut of poultry chickens using enrichment and screening assays and were identified via rDNA sequencing. The C. jejuni DC3 isolate was grown in different cell-free supernatants (CFS) generated from a priority LAB isolate. An in vivo challenge involving the C. jejuni and LAB isolates using a chicken model was performed to confirm the in vitro findings. Twelve presumptive LAB isolates had anti-C. jejuni activity based on cross-streak and agar plug assays, with Lactobacillus sakei L14 isolate exhibiting the highest activity. Inhibition by L. sakei L14 CFS of the growth of C. jejuni occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Campylobacter jejuni DC3 inhibition was most evident in CFS harvested at 72 h and produced by co-culture with the pathogen. Neutralisation of the CFS abrogated the observed inhibition. Co-infection with C. jejuni DC3 and L. sakei L14 in vivo, however, failed to inhibit C. jejuni colonisation in chickens. The results suggest that the anti-C. jejuni effect of L. sakei L14 in chickens may be due to mechanisms other than direct inhibition of growth.

Lactobacillus salivarius JWS 58 (JWS 58) and Lactobacillus plantarum JWS 1354 (JWS 1354) are isolated from duck intestine and have ability to produce bacteriocin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of JWS 58 and JWS 1354. The nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were measured in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages to determine immune enhancing effects of JWS 58 and JWS 1354. A Listeria (L.) monocytogenes challenge mice model was used to evaluate immune enhancement ability of JWS 58 and JWS 1354 in vivo. The results showed that JWS 58 and JWS 1354 increased the production of NO or cytokines by peritoneal macrophages and that oral administration of viable probiotic strains in mice elicited the immuno-modulatory effect upon L. monocytogenes challenge. JWS 1354 showed stronger immune enhancing effects than JWS 58. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Lactobacillus strain JWS 58 and JWS 1354 possess immune enhancing effect. Furthermore, two stains are expected to use feed supplement to prevent diseases by pathogenic bacteria through releasing bacteriocin and enhancing host immune responses in animal.

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported their beneficial roles on host including reduction of infectious diarrhea problems. In this study, preventive effect of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was investigated in suckling piglets. Two groups of one day old PEDV naive piglets were orally administered L. reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 for three days respectively before challenge with lethal dose of PEDV. In second experiment, passive immunized one day old piglets using colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were used. The survival rates of the L. reuteri HY25101 administered group were significantly higher than that of L. johnsonii HY25103 administered group and viral shedding was rapidly diminished in L. reuteri HY25101 administered group. Interestingly piglets born from the sow immunized with attenuated PEDV vaccine were not completely protected from PEDV challenge, however coadministeration of L. reuteri HY25101 and colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were more effectively prevent PEDV infection. These results suggested that dietary treatment using L. reuteri HY25101 could reduce diarrheal problem and mortality rate caused by PEDV in suckling pigs. In addition, L. reuteri HY25101 could be used as one of effective compensation treatment with attenuated live vaccine for PED.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been regarded as a useful microorganism and tried to manipulate plasmid DNA for increasing the usefulness. Although several methods have been developed is isolate plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli (E. coli), these methods were not sufficient to apply to LAB with exception of O'Sullivan's lysis method. So, we evaluated plasmid DNA extraction from LAB using general E. coli preparation methods and tried to improve the extraction yield and DNA purity by modifying O'Sullivan's alkaline lysis method.

Objective: This research was arranged to explore the effect of supplementation of a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a new probiotic in fermented rice straw-based rations on in vitro digestibility and ruminal characteristics. Materials and Methods: A randomized group design with 3 types of treatment and 4 replications as a group was used in this study. A probiotic inoculum containing L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae with 1 × 1010 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. Treatments were followed by: P1 = complete rations without probiotics (control), P2 = P1 supplemented 0.5% probiotics, and P3 = P1 supplemented 1% probiotics. Substrate complete rations were based on the fermented rice straw and concen¬trate (60%:40%). Parameters of digestibility and rumen fermentation products were determined after 48 h of incubation. Results: Probiotics supplemented with fermented rice straw-based rations significantly increased (p < 0.05) digestibility and rumen characteristics in vitro. Supplementation with 1% probiotics (P3) produces the highest digestibility compared to other treatments: in-vitro dry matter digestibil¬ity (IVDMD) (55%), in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (58.28%), in-vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD) (84.42%), in-vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility (IVADFD) (53.99%), in-vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) (58.39%), and in-vitro cellulose digestibility (IVCLD) (67.12%). Rumen pH (6.76–6.80) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) due to supplemented probiotics. Probiotic supplementation in rations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the content of NH3 and total volatile fatty acid (VFA). Supplementation with 1% probiotic (P3) showed the highest concentration of NH3 (26.56 mg/100 ml) and was also followed by the total VFA (115.75 mM) compared to the control (22.59 mg/100 ml and 103.00 mM, respectively). Conclusion: Supplementation of 1% probiotics (combination of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae) containing 1 × 1010 CFU/ml in fermented rice straw-based rations increases nutrient digestibility, that is, IVDMD, IVOMD, IVCPD, IVADFD, IVNDFD, and IVCLD, and also increases rumen fermenta¬tion, which is the concentration of NH3 and total VFA. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(1.000): 96-102]

The presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and histamine in foodstuffs indicate the level of deterioration in the quality of food and cause poisoning. Sie Balu is the Acehnese dried meat preserved by the addition of salt, acid and dried, but the long processing and drying it under the sun can cause microbial contamination in meat products. Irradiation can eliminate bacteria in foodstuffs. This study aimed to determine the amount of LAB and histamine levels of Sie Balu after irradiation doses of 5, 7 and 9 kGy and stored 2 to 4 months. Sie Balu was made of fresh beef 5 kg, dried in the sun to dry, vacuumed and irradiated with gamma rays. The samples for LAB determination cultured in MRS agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The number of colonies was counted using Total Plate Count. The histamine level of Sie Balu conducted by ELISA. Irradiation did not significantly (P0.05) affect the amount of LAB, but the shelf life significantly (P0.05) affected the amount of LAB in Sie Balu. Extending the shelf life up to 4 months can increase the amount of LAB. Irradiation dose and shelf life had no effect on histamine levels of Sie Balu (P0.05). This study concluded that irradiated Sie Balu cannot be stored for more than two months.

Studying of therapeutic effectiveness of metabolic probiotic Diamixan (sterile concentrate of waste products of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus debrueckii, and Streptococcus salivarius) against piglet gastroenteritis appearing at weaning period was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. The analyzed preparation contained complex of substances: bioartificial lactic acid, amino acids, polysaccharides, and some other ingdredients. In course of analysis of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis there were analyzed the following indexes: bifidus bacteria; lactic acid bacillus; E. coli; enterococcus; Proteus; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Clostridia; yeast-like fungi; enterobacteria. Research results showed that application of the examined preparation made it possible to shorter the terms of animal recovery on 2,2 days, as well as to facilitate the severity of a disease. Bottle feeding of the metabolic probiotic promoted the stabilization and normalization of the main hematological indexes. The analyzed preparation created the optimal pH in lumen of the intestine, inhibited the rowth of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, promoted quicker reconstruction of microecological status by means of normalization of standard flora of bifidus bacteria and lactic acid bacillus