BACKGROUND: Extracts rich in phenolic compounds have an important role in antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, and pistachio green hull extract is rich in polyphenolic compounds. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green peel of Kalleqouchi and Fandoghi pistachio extract on performance, relative weight of carcass components, blood indices and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS: A total 168 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six treatments, four replications and seven chicks. Experimental treatments included unchallenged groups (negative control) and chickens challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and fed 0, 200 and 400 mg / kg of aqueous extract of Kalleqouchi pistachio and 200 and 400 mg/ kg of pistachio Fandoghi green extract. All infected chicks were inoculated with oral solution containing 3 x 109 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus. Performance characteristics, immunity, blood indices and microbial population of the intestine were determined. RESULTS: The aqueous extract of green pistachio inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus but the ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of lactobacilli. Growth performance of chicks was not affected by the experimental treatments except at day 24, when aqueous extract of 200 mg / kg led to higher body weight gain as compared to control (0.049). Kalleqouchi extract at 400 mg/kg level increased abdominal fat (P = 0.0005) and had no effect on relative weight of other carcass components. The 400 mg/kg Fandoghi green extract and 200 mg/kg kalleqouchi extract increased enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase activity and decreased the concentration of blood total protein (P <0.01). The pistachios extracts at all levels increased total antibody titer compared to control (P <0.02). Pistachio extract reduced total bacterial population of jejunal area compared to negative control (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Application of aqueous extract of pistachio extract improves immune response, decreases blood lipids and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens challenged with Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: Essential oils as growth stimulant play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artemisia sieberi oil on intestinal morphology, secum microflora and immune system in broiler chickens. METHODS: Two hundred day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 5 treatments, 4 replications with a completely randomized design during 42 days of age. Experimental treatments consisted of control (basal diet) or basal diets containing different levels of Artemisia sieberi oil (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) and 600 mg/kg flavophospholipol antibiotic. On day 42 days of age, intestinal morphology and microflora population and immune system were evaluated by measuring the weight of bursa of fabricious and spleen and antibody production. Results: The results indicated that the highest lactobacillus count and the lowest Escherichia coli count of the caecum was found by inclusion of 300 mg/kg Artemisia sieberi oil in the diet (p<0.0001). The antibiotic and Artemisia sieberi oil treatments showed higher villus height in the duodenum compared with control group (p<0.01). Artemisia sieberi oil and antibiotic supplementations significantly decreased epithelial thickness and goblet cell number of the small intestinal compared with control group (p<0.05). The dietary supplementation did not significantly affect the crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio in small intestine. The level of 300 mg/kg Artemisia sieberi oil significantly increased antibody titration against Newcastle disease virus (p<0.01). Conclusions: Adding Artemisia sieberi oil at levels of 300 mg/kg to broiler chicken diets can improve gut microflora (as measured by changes in populations of Escherichia coli and lactobacillus).

Objective: The effect of seasonality needs to be considered in designing future studies because global warming has caused a rise in ambient temperatures. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of high ambient temperatures on fecal score and fecal microflora in dairy cows during summer. Materials and Methods: During the 7 days before the sampling of feces, the daily mean tempera¬tures were 19.9&#xb0;C in early summer and more than 27.5&#xb0;C in late summer. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum of cows and the fecal score was evaluated on a 4-point scale. The equalized samples were used to extract the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium). Results: There was no significant difference in fecal scores between the sampling times in early and late summer. In the populations of the bacteria, there was no significant difference between sampling days in the DNA level of Salmonella, and E. coli in late summer increased to more than three times the level in early summer. However, both levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in early summer significantly decreased after 2 months. Conclusion: These data suggest that the increase in temperature in late summer may adversely affect the populations of bacteria in the intestinal environment of dairy cows. In addition, the method used in the present study was sufficient to evaluate the changes in internal and external environmental conditions of dairy cattle. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 307-311]

The research was conducted to confirm the agent responsible for the antimicrobial activity contained in the fermented tomato juice with Lactobacillus acidophilus to extract and purify the antimicrobial agent to find the biological, physical and chemical properties of the agent. The agent responsible for the inhibitory activity was confirmed by both well assay method using fermented tomato juice with L. acidophilus and turbidimetric technique using the cell-free filtrate or neutralized filtrate of tomato acidophilus culture and found exerted antimicrobial agent other than lactic acid

Two trials were conducted aiming to of evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation in pig´s diet: Trial 1: diarrhea incidence and performance; Trial 2: feed intake and digestibility. In the Trial 1, forty weaning barrow piglets were distributed in four treatments: T0-basal diet; T100-basal diet +100ppm of probiotic; T200-basal diet +200ppm e T300-basal diet +300ppm. The trial 2 was a digestibility trial, where eight barrow pigs were used, distributed in two treatments: T1-basal diet and T2-basal diet + 200 ppm of same probiotic used in the Experiment 1. In the Period 1 the animals of T0 and T100 groups showed higher diarrhea incidence (P<0.05) than the T200 and T300 groups. The performance of animals of T100 group were lower than other treatment groups (P<0.05). In the Period 2 the T200 and T300 animals, showed better FG ratio than the animals of T0 (P<0.05). In the total period it was not observed significative difference concerning performance, except for DFI. In the trial 2, the animals of treatment T2, showed an increase of feed intake when compared with animals of T1. Digestibility coefficients showed no significative differences among treatments. It was concluded that the addition of 200 and 300 ppm of probiotic in the Period 1 reduces incidences of diarrhea. But, in the total period of trial 1, the performance was similar among treatments. In the trial 2 it was observed better adaptation of animals receiving probiotics which was represented by higher feed intake. | Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de probiótico em dietas de suínos: Experimento1: incidência de diarréia e desempenho; Experimento 2: consumo e digestibilidade das rações. No experimento1, foram utilizados 40 leitões recém desmamados, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: T0-Dieta basal; T100-Dieta basal+100ppm do probiótico; T200-Dieta basal+200ppm e T300-Dieta basal+300ppm. O experimento 2 foi um ensaio de digestibilidade, onde se utilizou oito suínos machos castrados (23 kg), distribuídos em dois tratamentos: T1-dieta basal e T2-dieta basal+200 ppm do mesmo probiótico utilizado no Experimento1. No período1 os animais do T0 e T100 apresentaram maior incidência de diarréia (P<0,05) comparada àqueles dos T200 e T300. O desempenho dos animais do T100 foi inferior àqueles dos outros tratamentos (P<0,05). No período 2, os animais dos T200 e T300, apresentaram melhor CA que os animais do T0 (P<0,05). No período total, não houve diferença significativa para o desempenho, à exceção do CDR. No Experimento 2, os animais do T2 consumiram 21,49% mais alimento que os animais do T1 (P<0,05). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente não foram diferentes (P>;0,05) entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a adição de 200 e 300 ppm de probiótico em dietas de suínos no período1 reduziu a incidência de diarréia. No entanto, no Período total do Experimento1, o desempenho dos animais foi semelhante. No Experimento 2, foi observado melhor adaptação dos animais que receberam probiótico às gaiolas, o que se manifestou pelo maior consumo de ração.

There was studied the prebiotic (Biofon AIL) and probiotic (Bifidoflorin liquid) preparations on a condition of bacterial flora of chickens-broiler intestines in age dynamics and also to estimate efficiency of joint application of prebiotics and probiotics. Biofon AIL represents mannan-oligosaccharides which are capable to block colonisation of intestines by pathogenic microflora and possess stimulating action on growth of bifidus bacteria in culture. Bifidoflorin liquid represents liquid microbic mass of bifidus bacteria. As a result of the spent research it is revealed, that inclusion of prebiotics Biofon AIL and probiotics Bifidoflorin liquid to a ration of chickens-broilers allows to spend correction of bacterial cenosis intestines towards prevalence of bifidus bacteria and lacto bacteria. Thus the best indicators are noted at sharing of these preparations. In the tabular form the data on dynamics bacterial cenosis intestines at chickens-broilers are presented at use of prebiotics and probiotics. | Целью работы явилось изучение пребиотического (Биофон АИЛ) и пробиотического (Бифидофлорин жидкий) препаратов на состояние бактериальной флоры кишечника цыплят-бройлеров в возрастной динамике, а также оценить эффективность совместного применения пребиотика и пробиотика. Биофон АИЛ представляет собой маннанолигосахариды, которые способны блокировать колонизацию кишечника патогенной микрофлорой и обладают стимулирующим действием на рост бифидобактерии в культуре. Бифидофлорин жидкий представляет собой жидкую микробную массу бифидобактерии. В результате проведенных исследований выявлено, что включение в рацион цыплят-бройлеров пребиотика Биофон АИЛ и пробиотика Бифидофлорин жидкий позволяет провести коррекцию бактериоценоза кишечника в сторону преобладания бифидобактерий и лактобактерии. При этом лучшие показатели отмечены при совместном использовании этих препаратов. В табличной форме представлены данные по динамике бактериоценоза кишечника у цыплят-бройлеров при использовании пребиотиков и пробиотиков.