Common parasites of the European bison include gastro-intestinal and pulmonary nematodes, liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica), tapeworms, and protozoa of the genus Coccidia. This study compared the extensiveness and intensities of European bison parasitic invasions in three north-eastern Polish forests in different seasons and queried the role of parasitological monitoring in sanitary and hygienic control of feeding places. Faecal samples were collected in the Białowieża, Knyszyńska, and Borecka Forests between 2014 and 2016, as were some from an area neighbouring the Białowieża Forest outside the Natura 2000 protected area. Parasites were detected in individual samples with the flotation, decanting and Baermann methods. The eggs of Trichostrongylidae, Aonchotheca sp., Nematodirus sp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola hepatica; the larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus; and the oocytes of Eimeria spp. were identified. Significant variation in invasion intensity and diversity was seen by origin and season. The relationships were assessed first by univariable tests and next multivariately, when origin and season emerged as the major risk factors for exposure to most of the parasites. The differences in the level of parasitic infection between the forests did not have implications for its sufficiency to cause clinical symptoms. However, the associations and risk factors found enable the necessary preventive measures to be taken to protect the E. bison from exposure or decrease the risks. Additionally, parasitological monitoring is appropriate as the method of sanitary and hygienic control of European bison winter feeding places. Threats to public health through adventitious invasions by zoonotic factors such as F. hepatica have been identified.

In Malaysia, helminthiasis due to strongyles such as Haemonchuscontortus and coccidiosis caused by Eimeria sp. have been reported to cause severe economic losses in small ruminants livestock industry. This paper reports the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasite infections on small ruminants situated in Seberang Perai Selatan district, Penang. Faecal samples were obtained from a total of 193 animals,randomly selected from 14 ruminant farms. The results of this survey indicates that helminthiasis and coccidiosis is rampant insheep and goat farms. The most common infections diagnosed were helminthiasis (77.72%) and coccidiosis (60.10%) followedby Moniezia sp. (5.18%). From this study, it shows that parasitic diseases can be managed by good animal husbandryin farms since high parasitic infections were observed in farms that were poorly managed based on nutrition, hygiene andbasic animal husbandry practices. The smallholders depended on health and extension services from the State Veterinary Department. A continuous monitoring of small ruminant farms by the Department of Veterinary Services will provide important information for assisting farmers with managing the spread of parasitic infections and maintaining the productivity of animals.

Moniezia sp. in naturally infected calves on pasture, fenbendazole efficacy at three dosage levels: Georgia

To test the effect of a parasite control program for cattle, 2 groups of similar composition were grazed on separate, but equivalent, improved pastures. Cattle in 1 group were treated with fenbendazole at 5.0 mg/kg of body weight at the time they were turned out on pasture in the spring and again at midsummer, when the cattle were moved to a new pasture. The control group was not treated. Parasite egg counts were significantly (P < 0.04) lower in the treated group. Trichostrongyle-type eggs were the most prevalent throughout the, year, except in the month of May, when Strongyloides papillosus eggs were predominant. The number of worms recovered from tracer calves was lower for those on pastures where the treated group grazed than for those on- the control group's pasture. The most consistently recovered parasite was Ostertagia ostertagi, and hypobiosis was observed.

Determination of interactions of monoinfestations and associations of parasites with the normal microflora of intestines of sheep was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the conditions of low associative infestations with Moniezia sp., Strongylata and Strongyloides nematodes, Eimeria protozoa there were stated changes in intestine microflora of sheep: sharp decrease of quantity of bifidus bacteria and lactic acid bacillus, colibacilli with the simultaneous presence of lactose-negative Bacillus coli, increasing number of aerobic bacteria. Recovery of monieziae in the conditions of presence in parasitocoenosis composition of nematodes of suborder Strongylata and Strongyloides species, Eimeria promoted the restoration of quality and quantity composition of microflora of sheep gastrointestinal tract

Problem of ruminant monieziasis is widely distributed in the Republic of Belarus. For the eradication of farm holdings and complexes there was proposed a complex of measures which included the application of highly efficient anthelmintic agents, including preparations for injection therapy and prolonged substances for intrajejunal administration (boluces).

On the basis of analysis of literary sources and realized studies there was realized an evaluation of the degree of losses caused by ruminant monieziasis in the conditions of modern agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus; the strategy of medical and preventive measures was presented. In course of studies there were analyzed sheep and cattle of different classes bred in farm holding of Belarus and imported from abroad, as well as different anthelmintic agents. Studying of antihelminthefficiency was tested on lambs with body weight 20 kg. Lambs were infested with moniezia (Moniezia expansa). Analysis of anthelmintic agent Alverm efficiency was realized by the example on infested heifers. Albazen was administrated once in dose of 0,8 mg/1 kg. Prazikvantel was administrated once in dose of 5,0 mg/1kg. Alverm was administrated once in dose of 80,0 mg/1 kg. Research results showed 100% extencefficiency and intencefficiency of albazen and prazikvantel. Alverm administrated once in dose of 80,0 mg/1 kg gly had 100 % 100 % extencefficiency and intencefficiency