A case-control study was done to identify factors associated with the development of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM). Questionnaires were mailed to the owners of 146 horses admitted to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between November 1978 and June 1987 and diagnosed as having EDM by histologic examination. Questionnaires also were sent to owners of 402 clinically normal horses admitted to the college during the same period. Data were compared between the EDM-affected and control groups (56 and 179 questionnaires returned, respectively). Risk factors identified included the use of insecticide applied to foals, exposure of foals to wood preservatives, and foals frequently spending time on dirt lots while outside. Foals spending time outside on green pastures was a protective factor. Foals from dams that had had an EDM-affected foal were at higher risk of developing EDM than were foals from other dams.

A retrospective study was designed to determine the distribution of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis among the equine population in New York state, and to identify factors associated with risk of disease. Serum samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of the university during the period from January 1985 through December 1986 were examined for antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii, using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Factors evaluated included geographic origin and date of submission of the sample, and age, breed, and sex of the horse. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify which factors were significantly associated with the risk of seropositivity to E risticii, while simultaneously controlling for other factors. Of the 2,579 tested samples, 1,950 (76%) had positive results. Factors significantly associated with risk of seropositivity to E risticii were: breed of the horse (Thoroughbreds were 3 times more likely to have been exposed to E risticii, compared with non-Standardbred, non-thoroughbred breeds); sex (female horses were 2.7 times more likely to have been exposed, compared with male horses); age of the horse (the risk of being exposed to E risticii increased with age, peaked at around 12 years, and decreased thereafter); and month of submission (horses tested during November and December had the highest odds of being seropositive [odds ratio = 2.1], and horses tested during March through April were least likely to be seropositive [odds ratio = 0.5], compared with horses tested during January and February).

Two hundred seventy-eight strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from 1973 to 1981 from animal sources in New York State were studied for possible virulence determinants and for a serotype-specific plasmid possibly linked with virulence. Of the strains, 98% possessed type-1 fimbriae. All strains possessed flagella and were motile. One hundred twenty-three strains (44%) treated with mitomycin C tested positive for the cholera-Escherichia coli heat labile family of toxins by a kinetics-based ELISA; when treated with mitomycin C and extracted with polymyxin B, 249 (90%) were positive in the kinetics-based ELISA. All strains were negative in the Biken Test. A smooth cell wall was found in 99% of the strains. Sixty-one percent (169) of the strains had a 62-Md plasmid. Seventy-six (27$%) of the strains had detectable plasmids ranging in size from 1 to 124 Md.

An index was developed to measure the proportion of intramammary infections caused by environmental microorganisms on dairy farms. This environmental index can be interpreted as the probability that an intramammary infection was caused by an environmental pathogen, rather than by a contagious pathogen. Using the environmental index as the outcome variable, risk factors for environmental mastitis were studied on 10 dairy farms in New York. Turning the cows outside was associated with lower environmental index, and having cows drink from a stream increased the environmental index. Selective (rather than uniform) nonlactating cow intramammary treatment was related to a lower environmental index (apparently because the farms practicing selective nonlactating cow treatment suffered from epizootics of contagious mastitis).