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PCR based prevalence study of Francisella tularensis in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts during 2015–2018
2020
Zlenko, Oksana Borysivna | Tkach, Gennadiy Evgenievich | Sukhorukova, Anna Borysivna | Kylypko, Lyudmila Vitaliivna | Machota, Lubov Stepanivna | Ignatenkov, Oleksandr Stefanovych | Vinokurova, Kateryna Volodymyrivna | Shamychkova, Galyna Rostyslavivna | Shtepa, Oleksandr Pymonovych | Rezvykh, Valentyna Gennadievna | Schwarz, Julia | Duerr, Angela | Popp, Claudia | Buttlar, Heiner von | Wolfel, Roman | Solodiankin, Oleksii Sergiiovych | Gerilovych, Anton Pavlovych
Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, which is endemic to Ukraine. The aim of this work was to provide screening of different field samples (rodent tails, ticks, pellets, water, and hay) to obtain an actual picture of the tularaemia epizootic situation in the Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Mykolaiv oblasts. Samples were collected using the flag method (for ticks) and break-back traps (for rodents). Also, hay, water and owl pellets were collected for study. The F. tularensis genetic material in samples was detected using a 16S qPCR. It was found that in Kharkiv oblast, 23% of collected samples were positive for F. tularensis, in Dnipropetrovsk oblast 1.9%, and in Mykolaiv oblast 0.4%. Among the sample types, 34.7% of ticks, 1.8% of rodents, and 36.4% of pellets were positive for F. tularensis. The most frequent carriers of F. tularensis were the D. reticulatus and I. ricinus ticks (74.2% and 29.3%, respectively, of positive results).
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Tonometry of normal eyes in raptors
1994
Stiles, J. | Buyukmihci, N.C. | Farver, T.B.
An applanation tonometer was used to estimate intraocular pressure in normal eyes of several species of raptors. No bird had active injury or illness, though some were nonreleasable to the wild because of previous injury. Mean (+/- SD) intraocular pressure was 20.6 (+/- 3.4) mm of Hg in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis, n = 10), 20.8 (+/- 2.3) mm of Hg in Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni, n = 6), 21.5 (+/- 3.0) mm of Hg in golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos, n = 7), 20.6 (+/- 2.0) mm of Hg in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, n = 3), and 10.8 (+/- 3.6) mm of Hg in great horned owls (Bubo virginianus, n = 6). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between hawks and eagles. Mean pressure in great horned owls was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than pressure in hawks or eagles. Reliable intraocular pressure readings could not be obtained in barn owls (Tyto alba).
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