The objective of the present study were to evaluate hemogram, acute phase response, acid base balance and blood gas analysis in newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata . The study was conducted on 55 local newborn calves (male and female), 1-9 days old. The study was carried out in Mosul , Iraq. Forty five newborn calves were infected with Theileria annulata. and Ten clinically normal calves served as controls. Diseased calves showed sings of fever ,unilateral or bilateral visible swelling of superficial lymph nodes. pronounced upward bulging of temporal fossa, outward bulge of conjunctivae with exophthalmos, paleness and/or icteric mucus membranes with petechial hemorrhages on the conjunctiva, lacrimation, dyspnea and depression. There was a significant reduction in the mean values of erythrocytes count, Hb and PCV,in diseased newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata and anemia was of Macrocytic hypochromic type. The percentage of hemoparasitism (parasitemia) ranged between (3-18%) with a mean of (11.88%). Results also indicated significant increase in total leukocytes count as results of significant increase lymphocytes. Diagnosis of Theileriosis were confirmed by microscopical examination of Giemsa stained lymph node aspirate and peripheral blood smears. Results were also showed significant decrease in blood pH,Pco2,Bicarbonate, Base access and Oxygen saturation percent(So2) ,However significant increase in Anion gab was found and Titritional metabolic acidosis were indicated. Moreover results show significant decrease in haptoglobin and fibrinogen in diseased newborns calves than in controls.It have been concluded that Theileria annulata infection in newborn calves resulting in serious effects and health deterioration, leading to substantial significant economic losses

       The present study performed in 51 cows from different age, sex and breed. The blood examination of all these animals showed high level of parasitemia varied between 17-52% and observed all parasite stages. The genomic diagnosis showed a high specificity and sensitivity to whole blood PCR test for diagnosis Theileria annulata moreover recorded a high percentage of infection by Theileria annulata 88.23% and lower percentage of infection 11.76% by other Theileria spp. 

In the context of health monitoring of a group of cattle and buffalo farms in marsh and swamp areas, these animals displayed evident clinical signs of nutritional deficiency in addition to symptoms that included high temperature (41 °C or higher), swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, anemia, weakness, and decreased appetite. And, in some cases, cough. The presence of ticks in various areas of the body, especially the edges of the ear, the neck area and the area beneath the tail, indicated the possible presence of Theileriosis, a parasitic infection. Random blood samples were collected from sixteen individuals. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from these samples and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was utilized to amplify the small subunit of the 18S rRNA gene, which is highly specific for the detection of Babesia/Theileria species. The PCR procedure employed the GF (5'-G(C/T) (C/T) TTGT AAT TGG AAT GAT GG-3') and GR (5'-CCA AAG ACT TTG ATT TCT CTC-3') primers. The results were then compared to international isolates via an analysis of genetic nucleotide sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) algorithm, available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This analysis unveiled a significant genetic resemblance between the 18S rRNA gene sequences and T. annulata species, suggesting the presence of this parasite. As a consequential outcome of this study, it has been established that Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis, can be a new host for T. annulata, particularly in the southern regions of Iraq. 

In this study, two methods for determination of formalin amount were applied on samples of inactivated vaccines representing local or foreign companies. The first method; matching method was conducted by using phenyl hydrazine while in the other method is; spectrophotometry phloroglucinol was used. Spectrophotometrical method was found more sensitive and more accurate than the matching one. At the same time, the spectrophotometry method could be used for determination of formalin in all inactivated vaccines either bacterial or viral vaccines.

Hyalomma ticks of either sex were collected from the apparently healthy cross-bred cattle. The ticks were dissected and their salivary glands were stained by methyl green pyronin stain for the detection of Theileria annulata sporozoite in their salivary glands. The prevalence of Theileria annulata infection in Hyalomma ticks was found to be 21.5%. No correlation was found between parasitemia of cattle and tick infection rate.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ticks infesting cattle and seroprevalence of Theileria annulata antibodies in White Nile State, Sudan between March to June 2012. Ticks, blood smears (n=105) and serum samples (n=82) were collected from Rabak, Kosti, El Dowaim, El Getaina, El Jabalain, Kenana and El Gezira Aba. Three tick genera and eleven species were identified. The genera belong to Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The species were A. lepidum (810), A. variegatum (7), H. impeltatum (189), H. truncatum (78), H. anatolicum (255), H. dromedarii (19), H. rufipes (338), R. (Boophilus) decoloratus (54), R. (B.) annulatus (56), R. evertsi evertsi (476) and R. sanguineus group (60). Out of 105 blood smears, 7 (6.7%) were positive for Theileria spp. piroplasms, whereas in ELISA, out of 82 serum samples, 50 (61%) were positive for T. annulata antibodies. It is concluded that there are three tick genera and eleven species infesting cattle in White Nile State and the high prevalence T. annulata antibodies indicates that tropical theileriosis is endemic in the region. Prevalence of Amblyomma spp. implying that heartwater may be endemic in the area.