The present study was conducted to determine serum concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) of Barki sheep reared in the rainfed area at Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. Forty apparently healthy Barki sheep (2-4 years of age) were randomly selected from Marsa Matrouh and El Negaila farms (twenty each) for this study. In addition to twenty healthy Barki sheep aged 2-4 years, obtained from Borg El Arab farm, represented as control. Animals classified into 3 groups according to water source: Borg El Arab as control (Tap water); Matrouh (Rainfall water); El Negaila (Rainfall Water). Water and serum samples were prepared for the detection and estimation of selected metals by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Metal analysis revealed that Pb levels in different water samples were recorded above the EWQS of 0.01 ppm in following: El Negaila > Matrouh > control, Cd levels were recorded in El Negaila (RW) and Matrouh (RW) above recommended limit of 0.003, Se levels were recorded above maximum limit EWQS of 0.01 ppm in control (TW) followed by El Negaila and Matrouh however the levels of Cu, Zn, and Fe from the surveyed areas were below EWQS limits. Serum mineral analysis, Pb level was significantly increased only in examined sheep of El Negaila, Cd levels were higher in examined sheep of El Negaila and Matrouh however, Cu, Zn, and Fe levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. Conclusion: water analysis showed that Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were within the levels recommended by EWQS except for Pb, Cd and Se levels which need more attention. Serum analysis revealed high levels of Pb, Cd, and Se however deficient to marginal levels of Zn and Cu were detected in examined sheep. These results should provide a database for the mineral status of Barki sheep and their drinking water quality in Matrouh and El Negaila as well as evaluate environmental pollution status in this area.

Three different highly consumed fish species from Al-Ahsa market, Saudi Arabia namely Spangled emporer (Lethriuns nebulosus), Red striped seabream (Pagrus major) and Black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) were evaluated for their muscle contents of heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and trace elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn). The possible risks associated with their human consumption were also studied. A total of 60 fresh fish samples comprising of 20 samples from each above mentioned fish were collected, and were subjected for determination of heavy metal and trace element contents by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Microwave Wet Digestion. The results showed that, accumulation patterns of the heavy metals and trace elements followed the order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cd. There were variations among metal contents in the muscles of the three fish species; S. cantharus accumulated the highest levels of Cu, Zn and Mn, while the highest level of Fe could be detected in the muscles of P. major. The concentration of Cd and Pb remained comparable in the muscles of all three fish species. The calculated maximum daily intake (MDI) values were found as 0.0003, 0.0009, 0.0035, 0.0001, 0.0000, 0.0000 mg/day/person for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb, respectively. Conclusively, the present study indicated that, fish muscles contain relatively less burden of heavy metals and trace elements, and no health problem can be raised from human consumption of the examined commercial fishes at Al-Ahsa market, Saudi Arabia. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 271-278]

The present study intended to investigate the profile of mineral elements and metals in camel serum. For this purpose, 50 camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined to estimate the levels of Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, B, Al, Ca, Ba, Mg, Cd, Pb, Mo, Sr, Si and V. using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICAP). On average, the mineral contents were 0.116 mg/l (Co), 0.297 mg/l (Cr), 1.817 mg/l (Cu), 13.733 mg/l (Fe), 1.521 mg/l (Mn), 0.002 mg/l (Ni), 6.775 mg/l (Zn). While mean concentrations of other metals were 0.08 mg/l (B), 42.887 mg/l (Al), 258.973 mg/l (Ca), 1.520 mg/l (Ba), 28.385 mg/l (Mg), 0.02 mg/l (Cd), 2.183 mg/l (Pb), 1.523 mg/l (Mo), 1.243 mg/l (Sr), 478.617 mg/l (Si), 0.689 mg/l (V). Although a lack of data on camel species, these findings could contribute to understanding the status of trace elements and heavy metals in camels, and any deviation of some elements from their normal values might be an indicator for exposure of these camels to pollutant circumstances.

In this study, it was planned to examine the mineral levels in the milk of different dog breeds during the lactation period. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentrations were analyzed in dog milk. In this research 6 Labradors, 6 German Shepherds, 6 Pointers, 5 Turkish Tazis (sighthound), 5 Setters, 7 Malinois, and 5 Golden Retrievers (a total of 40 dogs) of 3 to 4 years of age were used as research materials, all of which were under same management and feeding conditions. All dogs were on diets appropriate for gestation and lactation periods. Adequate milk volume could be collected 23 weeks after parturition, and there were no known medical problems. Each day's samples were kept capped and refrigerated after being collected. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, zinc, manganese and iron, were analyzed by using Varian Brand 30/40 model AAS device.The Ca, K, Na, Zn, Mn and Fe levels of milk samples from different dog breeds had no significant difference. The highest Mg level was determined in Pointer breed milk samples, and the lowest was determined in Setter milk samples. The highest Cu levels among the inspected races were in Labrador milk samples, whereas the lowest levels were determined in Setter breeds.This data shows that most of the analyzed milk content of different breeds of dogs did not change significantly during the same lactation period, and any present difference could be taken into account when evaluating breeding studies.

Objective: To determine the impact of a free-choice diet on nutritional intake and body condition of feral horses. Animals: Cadavers of 41 feral horses from 5 Australian locations. Procedures: Body condition score (BCS) was determined (scale of 1 to 9), and the stomach was removed from horses during postmortem examination. Stomach contents were analyzed for nutritional variables and macroelement and microelement concentrations. Data were compared among the locations and also compared with recommended daily intakes for horses. Results: Mean BCS varied by location; all horses were judged to be moderately thin. The BCS for males was 1 to 3 points higher than that of females. Amount of protein in the stomach contents varied from 4.3% to 14.9% and was significantly associated with BCS. Amounts of water-soluble carbohydrate and ethanol-soluble carbohydrate in stomach contents of feral horses from all 5 locations were higher than those expected for horses eating high-quality forage. Some macroelement and microelement concentrations were grossly excessive, whereas others were grossly deficient. There was no evidence of ill health among the horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results suggested that the diet for several populations of feral horses in Australia appeared less than optimal. However, neither low BCS nor trace mineral deficiency appeared to affect survival of the horses. Additional studies on food sources in these regions, including analysis of water-soluble carbohydrate, ethanol-soluble carbohydrate, and mineral concentrations, are warranted to determine the provenance of such rich sources of nutrients. Determination of the optimal diet for horses may need revision.

This study was conductedon raw cow’s milk collected in seven statesof Malaysia to investigate the compositionof minerals and trace elements in the milk.Raw cow’s milk samples were collectedfrom Kedah, Perak, Johor, Melaka,Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilanfrom January to November 2015. ICPMStechnique combined with microwavedigestion were applied to determine theconcentration of five major minerals (Na,Mg, K, Ca and P) and eleven trace elements(Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Mo,Baand Pb) in the milk samples. The resultof analysis showed relatively constantcomposition of minerals and trace elementsin the samples but some variations wereobserved in certain states. Application ofprincipal component analysis (PCA) in thecomposition data showed different clusterexists between the states of Selangor andNegeri Sembilan as well as Kedah andNegeri Sembilan. There is no significantdifference observed in the compositionsof minerals and trace elements betweenother states. The compositions of mineralsand trace elements in raw cow’s milk inMalaysia are comparable with reports fromother research. Further studies can be doneto investigate the source of nutrient, foodor environmental condition that producedthe amounts of minerals and trace elementsin the milk.

Ibuprofen treatment was compared with saline solution treatment in an endotoxin-induced experimental model of bovine mastitis. Acute mastitis was induced in healthy lactating Holstein cows (n = 12) by intrammamary inoculation of 1 mg of Escbericbia coli 026:B6 lipopolysaccharide in a single quarter per cow. Cows were assigned at random to ibuprofen (25 mg/kg of body weight, IV, n = 6) or 0.9% sodium chloride solution control (1.25 ml/kg, IV, n = 6) treatment groups. Ibuprofen or saline solution was administered once, 2 hours after endotoxin administration. The clinical course of endotoxin-induced mastitis and hematologic, clinical biochemical, and plasma mineral changes were monitored and compared between ibuprofen-treated and control cows. Clinical monitoring and blood sample collection were performed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after endotoxin challenge. Rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in saline treated cows, compared with cows treated with ibuprofen, Blood eosinophil count and serum phosphorus, sodium, and total carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in saline-treated cows, compared with cows treated with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen treatment did not significantly change ruminations per minute, electrical conductivity of milk, quarter size, or quarter inflammation. The remaining hematologic, serum biochemical, plasma mineral, and coagulation values also were not changed significantly in response to ibuprofen treatment. Untoward effects attributed to ibuprofen administration were not observed. These results indicate that ibuprofen may provide empiric relief of clinical signs of coliform-induced mastitis.

The present study reports the concentration of Copper, Zinc, Iron and Manganese in the blood plasma of male kutchi camels during their breeding season. The respective concentrations of the plasma trace minerals were 112.94 ±O.44, 105.65±2.08, 117.65±1.72 and 160.29±0.75 µ/dl.