The activity of water and ethanol extracts of Ruta graveolens and Cuminum and the essentioal oils of the groups A and H were evaluated on the termites workers of Microcerotermis gabriles in the laboratory with different concentrations. Result showed that ethanol extracts of R.graveolens , C. cyminum were the most effective in mortality significant differences from other extracts in filter paper treatment which cause 71.6%, 73% respectively in concentration 10% in 24 hour and increase to 100% after 72 hour of treatment Direct method contact showed that powder of C. cyminum was the most effective in mortality with rates 66.6 % for period 10 minutes and increase to 100% after 72 hour of the same period. All tested plants extracts was repellent to termites and the essential oil of C. cyminum was the effective once.

Results of the present investigation on infection of Trypanorhychid cestode infestation of marine fishes of Khor –Abdulla North west Arabian Gulf throws June 2006 to May 2007 . revealed to presence of four different species Trypanorhychid cestodes:-. :Callitrahynchus gracilis , Dasyrhynchus pacificus from Scomberoides cammmersoniaus ; Nybelinia lamonteae from Saurida undosquamis ; Otobothrium penetratus from Synaptura orientalis ;Pterobthrium hira from Illisha elongata. which all represented as a new locality recorded parasite

This present study was designed to investigate the effects of two levels of cadmium chloride (30 and 40 part per billion (ppb)) in drinking water on body weight, relative weight of testes and epididymus (head, body, tail), diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules. Eighteen mature male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups; the control group (GI) were given ordinary tap water and animals in the first treated group (GII) were received 30 part per billion (ppb) of cadmium chloride in drinking water; while animals in the second treated group(GIII) were given 40 ppb of cadmium chloride in drinking water. Weight of animals were taken at the pre-treated period and every three weeks during the treated period. At the end of experiment the animals were killed, testis and epididymus were taken in order to measuring their weight. Samples testis were taken for histological study and for measuring the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the cells lining their. The results showed a significant increase (p

Out of one hundreds heads of cattle slaughtered in Dohuk abattoir of Iraq – Kurdistan region , Sarcocystosis showed to be occur in percentage of 81 – 96 % for microscopic cysts( microcysts ) of Sarcocystis spp. of cattle by several diagnostic techniques ( gross examination , trichinoscopy , squeezing method and post trichinoscopy drop examination ) which are varies in their efficiency depending on organ and the parasitic stage that can be detected by the used technique . The seasonal effect showed to be not effect in the distribution of the infection and that very important in the epidemiology of the disease as occur through statistical analysis.

The present work making histological investigation of certain part of medulla oblongata on seven one humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in different ages and sexes, the Trigeminal V, Abducent VI, Facial VII, and Vestibulocochlear VIII nerve nuclei in camel was noticed. These nuclei are in close resamble in other mammals in location and the cells ( neuron ) type found in these nuclei. This study help to present an information on these nuclei cytoarchitecture and thier location, and may answers of many question about this animal (Camel ) which walking across huge deserts.

A survey of helminth parasites was carried out on 198 dogs living in almost complete liberty in villages in the northeast of Gabon. Faeces and blood samples were collected and analysed. Dirofilariaimmitis antigen was detected in 13.6 % of dogs using the SNAP 3Dx® test, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Faecal examination revealed that 91.4 % of dogs were infected by intestinal helminths. Ascarids were found in 58.5 % of the samples. Trichuris vulpis was observed in 49.5 % of cases, and Uncinaria spp. and Ancylostoma spp. in 34.8 %, Spirocerca lupi in 25.3 % and Capillaria spp. in 10.6 %. Cestode embryophores were found in 8.6 % of the samples.

Spirocerca lupi (Spirurida: Spirocercidae) is a cosmopolitan parasite, principally of domestic dogs and dung beetles are its main intermediate hosts. In South Africa there has recently been growing concern over the upsurge of reported cases of clinical spirocercosis in dogs, while little is known or understood about the dynamics of the host-parasite associations between dung beetles and this nematode. We determined and compared the prevalence of infection in dung beetles between rural, urban and periurban areas of Tshwane (Pretoria) Metropole. Dung beetles were sampled during April and October 2006, at various localities in each of these areas. Localities were selected on the basis of being focal areas of high infection with S. lupi in dogs. Pig, dog and cow dung-baited pitfall traps were used for sampling the beetles. Trap contents were collected 48 h after the traps had been set and only dung beetles were collected from the traps. In total, 453 specimens belonging to 18 species were collected from 63 pitfall traps in all three areas. The numbers of species that were collected varied among the three areas. Dung beetles, irrespective of species (18) and numbers (447), predominantly preferred pig dung. The prevalence of dung beetles infected with the larvae of S. lupi varied considerably in the three areas. In the urban area 13.5 % of the dung beetles dissected were infected, while the prevalence of S. lupi in dung beetles in the rural area was 2.3 %. All the dung beetles that were infected with this nematode showed a preference for omnivore (pig and dog) dung.

The ability of intravenously administered lactose in normal saline to prevent a decline in packed cell volume (PCV) during experimental trypanosomosis was studied in Zebu cattle. During the lactose infusion period, the PCV was stable up to Day 5 post-infection (p.i.) in a lactose-infused group, compared to that in an uninfused group in which the PCV dropped significantly (P < 0.05) as shown by the values of cumulative percentage change. Furthermore the mean rate of change in PCV was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the uninfused group relative to the lactose-infused group during the same period. While the PCV fell markedly in the lactose-infused group a day after lactose infusion was stopped (Day 13 p.i.), subsequent PCV values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to those in the uninfused group, up to the end of experiment on Day 17 p.i. However the mean rates of change in PCV did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) between the groups during the period in which lactose infusion was stopped. The mean levels of parasitaemic waves and parasitaemia were higher, more prolonged and more frequent in the lactose-infused group. It was inferred that the lactose was able to prevent an early onset of anaemia in the Trypanosoma vivax-infected Zebu cattle.

Cohorts of yearlings were sampled over a period of 6 years in a retrospective serological survey to establish the annual prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus on Thoroughbred stud farms distributed within defined geographical regions of South Africa. Seasonal seroprevalence varied between 3.6% and 34.7%, revealing both single and multiple serotype infections in an individual yearling. During the course of this study serotypes 1 and 6 were most frequently and extensively identified while the remaining serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were all identified as sporadic and localized in fections affecting only individual horses. This study of the seasonal prevalence of equine encephalosis virus has a corollary and serves as a useful model in the seasonal incidence of the serotypes of African horse sickness and bluetongue in regions where the respective diseases are endemic.