In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of α-2 agonists used for sedation in cats, namely medetomidine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine, on intraocular pressure. Two study groups, each containing 17 animals, were formed. One of the groups was treated with 80 µg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride, and the other group with 40 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, via IM route. The animals underwent intraocular pressure measurement before sedative agent administration (T), at the time of vomiting (T1), after vomiting (T2), at 40th minute (T3), at 60th minute (T4), and 20 minutes after atipamezol administration (T5). There was no significant difference between intra-group intraocular pressure measurements taken at different times and inter-group IOP mesaurements taken at the same time points (P>0.05). A numerical increase occurred in intraocular pressure after vomiting, and intraocular pressure was found to be lower during sedation than at the baseline. In conclusion, it was determined that the administration of medetomidine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine via intramuscular route for sedation reduced intraocular pressure but the levels remained within reference range.

Diamin oxidase (dAo) as a valuable biomarker, and a mirror of the integrity/mucosal function of the small intestine (sint). The levels of dAo in the serum and mucosa of the sint could be capable of determining as an assessment of sint barrier function. Given better understanding of gut-brain-skin axis in veterinary internal medicine field, relevant data is lacking through dogs with atopic dermatitis (atode) in which resarches focus and rely on skin changes. However more data is crucial, which prompted the present author to perform this study and analyzed the relationship between integrity/mucosal function of sint to those of dogs with atode. Dogs enrolled and classified as suggested criterion for mild (10), moderate (35) and severe (60) skin lesions scoring based on CADESI-04. Commercially available Canine Diamine Oxidase ELISA Kit were purchased for dAo analytes. As detected by Quantitave Competitive ELISA, dAo levels (ng/mL) were detected as 5,28±1,19, 2,594±0,76 and 1,28±0,22, with a statistical significance of Group III in contrast to Group I, suggesting that as severity of the atode elevates, circulating dAo levels were declined in correlation. It should not be unwise to draw preliminary suggestion that dAo levels could alter in relationship with disease activity in dogs with atode. This alterations, mainly deduction, should reflect diasease activity, in which dogs in Group III (severe atode) represented lowest dAo values in contrasto to other classfied groups of disease.

The whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, dwells in the caecum and infrequently the colon in the dog. The present study aimed to detect trichuriasis in shelter dogs in Kirikkale province, Türkiye. The other reports originated from Türkiye on trichuriasis were addressed together with the results. The investigation was conducted from January through December of 2022. The faecal samples were obtained from 200 dogs (mixed breed, older than 1 year) from two different shelters in Kirikkale. The faecal samples were analysed by centrifugal flotation both zinc sulfate and saturated salt solution. Trichuris spp. eggs were only found in 0.5% of the faeces (1/200), while other parasite eggs or oocysts were found in 21.5% of the faeces examined (43/200). The eggs of Toxocara spp. (6%, 12/200), Toxascaris sp. (2.5%, 5/200), Taenia spp. (2.5%, 5/200), hookworm eggs (0.5%, 1/200), Isospora spp. oocysts (11%) (22/200) and Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts (0.5%, 1/200) were detected. Only 3/200 (1.5%) of the dogs evaluated had mixed infections. Regarding the detection of all parasite eggs and oocysts, the zinc sulfate flotation technique outperformed the flotation with saturated salt solution. Canine trichuriasis has rarely been reported in Türkiye. The results of this study also support the previous reports.

In this study, bacteriophage M8AEC16, which is lytic to Escherichia coli O157:H7, isolated and characterized within the scope of our previous studies, was used to determine the stability during 6 months of storage at +4°C, -20°C and -85°C using glycerol, skimmed milk powder and carrageenan as cryoprotectants. For this purpose, bacteriophage M8AEC16, was enriched with E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 and then phage suspension groups were prepared by adding three different cryoprotectants (test groups) in addition to those without cryoprotectant (control). Bacteriophage suspensions were stored at 3 different storage temperatures (+4°C, -20°C and -85°C) for six mount period. During storage, phage titers were determined on double-layer LB agar by making serial dilutions of phage suspensions on the 0th day and at the end of each month. As a result of the study, it was observed that stability was maintained at all temperatures for all groups during the first two months. However, in the third and fourth months, a decrease in the counts of bacteriophages were observed at -85°C in the glycerol added group. In addition to the control group, in the fifth month, carrageenan provided the highest preservation at all temperatures. In the sixth month, +4°C glycerol provided the best preservation, while carrageenan provided the highest preservation at other temperatures compared to the other test groups. In conclusion, the most successful result was obtained at +4°C for the preservation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 phage M8AEC16 considering the cost, usefulness and effectiveness.

A study was undertaken with an objective of evolving substrate specific customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for effective utilization of sorghum stover and groundnut haulm. Enzyme activity (IU/g) assay revealed that the activity of cellulose, xylanase and pectinase were 1368.33±23.30, 2294.16±65.17 and 930.83±52.22 respectively. All enzymes were found to have associate activity of other enzymes. An invitro trial was conducted to identify the concentration range of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. A second invitro trial was conducted to identify the precise concentration of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The third in vitro trial was conducted to optimize the concentration of non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The efficacy of customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture was further evaluated at three levels (viz the selected level, 10% higher than selected level and 10% lower than the selected level)to arrive at their optimal level of inclusion separately for sorghum stover and groundnut haulm.

The development of genetic research over recent decades has enabled the discovery of new genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This, as well as the full sequencing of the dog genome, has enabled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be used in the search for genetic causes of canine mammary tumours (CMTs).

Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment.

Rotaviruses are non-enveloped viruses that each consist of 11 double-stranded RNA molecules. These viruses are able to persist in the environment, and therefore play a fundamental role in the epidemiology of gastroenteritis and severe diarrhoea in children worldwide. While mussels have been primarily used as indicators of chemical pollution, they can also be used to monitor viral contamination. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel can also be used to detect microbial contamination, owing to its tendency to naturally concentrate viruses and other pathogens.

Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia.

Cattle health and welfare are monitored via the analysis of the haematological profile, and it shows cattle’s ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, pregnancy and lactation; profile changes also indicate reproductive disorders. The literature lacks reports of the examination of the haematological profile in cows up to the 50th day of pregnancy (dop). Therefore, this research examined that in cows up to this pregnancy stage.