This study was carried out in order to examine a total of 40 drinking water samples taken from 20 locations selected from Mardin and Van provinces in terms of physical properties, heavy metal and mineral contents and to evaluate the quality of drinking water in accordance with the results obtained. Among the ion and mineral analyses of the samples, arsenic, copper, boron, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc analyses were made with Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometer, and magnesium analyses were made with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. Fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, bromide, sulfate and phosphate analyses were also performed by Dionex ion chromatography. Conductivity, pH, ORP, TDS and minimum salt analyses were performed with the Myron L device. As a result of the study, the difference between the fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, bromide, boron, cadmium, cobalt, zinc, conductivity, TDS, ORP and temperature values of the water samples of the two provinces was found to be significant. In addition, drinking water containing heavy metals was found to be above the limit values set by the Regulation on Water Intended for Human Consumption, nickel was detected in water samples taken from Van, and phosphate was not detected in samples taken from Mardin. The remarkable issues in water samples taken from 40 different locations in two provinces are presented in articles and it has been emphasized that it is important for the people living in this region to present the detected defects to local governments, environmental and public health units and to eliminate the defects.

Present research was conducted at the University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Faculty of Veterinary. In a total of 10 cats with pruritic dermatoses were allocated, classified [Feline atopic skin syndrome (FaSs)] and adapted to the retrospective case controlled study on the basis of Polycheck in vitro Allergy Test, clinical signs, dermatoscopic and cytological examination. No prior drug prescription, nor immunosuppressive treatment were evident, which was an inclusion criteria. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and endocrine panels were all deemed available on days 0 and 21 for all cats involved. The Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FeDESI) and a 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) were deemed available as relevant prognostic parameters. A three strain invoving soil-based probiotic used via rectal route significantly decreased FEDESI and VAS pruritus scores after 10 days of rectal use. Pre-treament day 0 FEDESI scores (median ± SD) (106.3 ± 41.38), were significantly higher than scores on day 10 (15.3 ± 10.53) switching the severity of the disease to mild status in all cases. Furthermore, day 0 VAS pruritus scores were 7.4 ± 1.78 (mean ± SD) (prior to treatment), whereas owner VAS pruritus score was decreased to 1.3 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) significantly (p=0.005). It should not be unwise to draw preliminary conclusion that 3 chained soil-based Bacillus probiotic was capable of short term cure for FaSs. Bacillus probiotics with safety usage should be added to therapeutical armamentarium of FaSs.

Left Abomasum Displacement (LDA) is one of the most important metabolic diseases caused by negative energy balance during the early lactation period for high milk efficient cows. This study aimed to investigate the lipid mobilization and oxidative stress parameters in cows with LDA before and after the operation. In this research, cows with LDA (n=16) were divided into three groups that are before operation (pre-op LDA), immediately after the operation (post-op LDA), and on the 10th day after the operation (post-op 10 LDA). Control groups were formed from early lactation cows (n=8) and dry period (n=8). In serum samples collected from the study groups, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid (FFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and AST, GGT activities were determined spectrophotometrically, total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS) and paraoxonase 1/arylesterase (PON1/ARES)] enzyme activity was measured according to the procedure of the colorimetric kit. Serum TOS and MDA levels increased in cattle with pre-op LDA compared to control groups, and MDA levels decreased to normal levels in both groups after the operation. TAS levels and PON1/ARES activities decreased in cattle with pre-op LDA compared to control groups and increased gradually in post-op groups. Serum total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels decreased in cattle with pre-op LDA compared to the control groups and did not return to normal levels in the groups with post-op LDA. While BHBA levels and AST activities increased in cattle with pre-op LDA compared to control groups, they reached normal values in cattle with LDA on the post-op 10th day. It has been concluded that in evaluating the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease in dairy cows with LDA, oxidative stress parameters such as TAS, TOS, and PON1/ARES may be used together with lipid parameters.

This study aims to establish the light and electron microscopic structure of the pecten oculi in the goose (Anser anser). For this purpose, 12 samples of pecten oculi extracted from 6 goose eyes were used. In the study, it was found that the goose pecten consists of 13-14 pleats. The maximum transversal length of the eye was approximately 10 mm, the corneal diameter was 5 mm, the basal length of the pecten was 7 mm, the apical length was 1.5 mm, and the height of the pecten was 5.55 mm (n=6). In pecten pleats, the mean diameters of two separate vessels, primary and secondary, were 48.94 and 23.36 μm respectively. The primary vessels located at the centre of the pecten pleats were surrounded by the secondary vessels. It was observed that the melanocytes in pleats gradually intensified from basal to apical regions. Pecten covered to the vitreo-pecteneal limiting membrane and, hyalocytes were found on this part. This study revealed that the goose pecten has a structure similar to the avian species in the waterfowl family.

Zonulin elucidated as a thoroughly known protein, is capable of modulating the gut integrity of intercellular connections. Intestinal permeability and its modulation by zonulin have been well-defined. Zonulin levels could increase in response to several stimuli, i.e. infection/gluten ingestion. Even if the latter occurs, zonulin signals into the body for elevating the permeability of the gut lining, permitting larger molecules to pass through. All aforementioned conditions initiate inflammation. In the present prospective field study, the aim was to determine the specificity of zonulin as a noninvasive selected biomarker of gut barrier function to identify and debug calves suffering from diarrhea.  Furthermore, another purpose was to define the appearance of leaky gut (LeaG) among calves with diarrhea. By use of commercially available Bovine Zonulin ELISA test kits with a well-designed methodology all 11 diseased and other relevant healthy calves gave positive test results. Circulating zonulin levels (ng/mL) expressed as (±SEM), there were significant differences (p<0.001) between healthy (26.43±3.528) and diarrheic calves (57.97±4.250). As a preliminary conclusion, it should not be unwise to draw the hypothesis that zonulin levels debug diarrheic calves from healthy ones. Further studies are warranted.

Proteomics, which is called the identification phase of the proteome identifying all the proteins encoded by the genome, has an important place in solving the difficulties experienced in toxicology. Proteomics refers to the study of interactions with other proteins and macromolecules, structure, location, amount, post-translational modifications (PTM), function in tissues/cells of the proteome. With proteomic studies, new relationships between proteins and toxicopathological effects can be determined and it is revealed the information on the toxic action mechanisms of various substances, from metals to peroxisome proliferators. On the other hand, toxicoproteomics seeks to identify critical proteins and pathways in biological systems that respond to it and adversely affected by chemical and environmental exposures using protein expression technologies. Toxicoproteomics combines 3 discipline areas. These are 1) traditional toxicology and pathology 2) differential protein and gene expression analysis 3) systems biology. Toxicoproteomic studies are an important area that can provide critical tools for identification of biomarkers associated with exposure to toxic substances, assessing their reliability and designing appropriate measures that can minimize adverse effects. In this statement, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of proteomics in toxicology.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) added in the feed on growth performance, small intestine histomorphometry, oxidative stress, and carcass parameters in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) raised in two different stocking densities. In the experiment, a total of 280 10-day-old quails were divided into 4 groups with 4 repetitions. Group control was composed of the quails consuming maize-soy based basal diet as 150 cm2 for each quail; Z group was composed of the quails consuming the basal diet containing jujube of 1% as 150 cm2 for each quail; Group SD was composed of the quails consuming maize-soy based basal diet as 100 cm2 for each quail; and ZSD group was composed of the quails consuming the basal diet containing jujube of 1% as 100 cm2 for each quail. The best live weight and daily live weight increase were determined in Group Z and the best feed consumption was determined in Group C. It was determined that the jujube fruit added into feed significantly decreased the serum and breast muscle MDA levels. The lowest villus height and the highest crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum were determined in Group SD. As a result, it was observed that the jujube fruit added in the feed of the quails raised in two different stocking densities had a positive effect on the live weight, daily live weight increase feed consumption, villus height, villus width, crypt depth, hot carcass performance and serum, breast muscle MDA levels.

Adipokines are a group of proteins that are synthesized from adipose tissue. Omentin is a type of adipokine which is detected in human serum and it is evaluated as a secreted factor from adipose tissue, placenta and ovarium. The knowledge about the effect of omentin on reproduction is limited. In the presented study, investigation of omentin effect on in vitro uterine contractions was evaluated. The uteruses of the rats which were collected from 20 virgin female rats, were isolated and suspended in the isolated organ bath. The experimental protocols were carried out in 3 groups. The effect of omentin on spontaneous uterine contractions in protocol 1, induced by oxytocin (2.5 mIU/mL) in protocol 2, and induced uterine contractions with PGF2α (10-6 M) in protocol 3 was tested. The effect of omentin on isolated uterine tissues was tested with the administration of 10, 100 and 300 ng/mL omentin. 300 µL of distilled water was applied to the control of each group. In this study, 10, 100 and 300 ng/mL of omentin applied for 10 minutes did not have an effect on uterine contractility in all study groups (p>0.05). As a result, further studies with higher doses and longer incubation times are recommended.

This study was aimed at determining the effects of dietary supplementation with 0%, 3%, 6% and 8% of clinoptilolite on live weight gain, carcass/carcass part traits and some blood and bone parameters in quails. For this purpose, forty 17-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly assigned to four groups, each of 10 animals. The study groups were established as follows: BC (+0% clinoptilolite), B3C (3% clinoptilolite), B6C (6% clinoptilolite) and B8C (8% clinoptilolite). Live weight measurements were performed until 35 days of age, and after the measurement of the slaughter weight at 38 days of age, all animals were slaughtered. The live weight values measured in Groups B3C and B6C were similar to those of group BC, the control group. Even if slightly different, higher mean initial live weights in the males resulted in final live weights higher than those of the females. It was observed that the feed conversion rate had improved in the groups that received dietary clinoptilolite. The weight of abdominal fat was determined to have decreased with increasing dietary clinoptilolite levels. The weights of the edible visceral organs and abdominal fat were higher in the female quails, compared to the males. The osteometric values of the femur and humerus were higher in the males, compared to the females, in Group B3C. While calcium (Ca-CAL) and magnesium (Mg) levels were lowest in Group B8C, phosphorus (P-FOS) levels were lowest in groups BC and B3C. In result, it is suggested that dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite, up to a level of 6%, would not show any adverse effect on the fattening performance of animals. Thus, clinoptilolite can be used as a feed additive. Furthermore, good quality clinoptilolite supplied at low costs may also aid in preventing feed losses due to wetting, depending on the environmental conditions.

The aim of this study was to present 6 dogs and 2 cats treated with handmade external fixator. The animals included in the study had 3 cases of non-union, 1 case of luxation, and 4 cases of fracture. All the cases were successfully treated with a handmade external fixator which was made from an endotracheal tube and epoxy. There were no complications developed except for light leakage in the pin site in one case. All of the animals had started to use their extremities in the early postoperative period, except for one case. As the fixator provided the opportunity for weight-bearing, increasing stability in the fracture line in the early postoperative period, this provided some beneficial effects on healing. The external fixator made using an endotracheal tube and epoxy can be selected as an inexpensive treatment method for cats and dogs.