Peroxidase labeled immunoglobulins to camelpox virus (CPV) were prepared for use in various techniques of ELISA. Ten rabbits and three goats were inoculated with a mixture of camelpox virusand Freund’s adjuvant. Sera were pooled separately on the 10th day post the last inoculation and immunoglobulins were precipitated using saturated ammonium sulphate. The globulins were 2.8 g/dl and 2.5 g/dl for rabbits and goats respectively and used for peroxidase conjugation. The peroxidase labeled immunoglobulins were titrated and evaluated using direct solid phase ELISA, double antibody sandwich ELISA and dot immunoblot ELISA. The prepared conjugates gave specific and clear positive reactions till the dilution of 2000 and 1500 for rabbits and goats immunoglobulins respectively. The prepared labeled immunoglobulins could be successfully used in detection of camel pox viral antigen of local virulent and standard vaccinal strain of the virus using various ELISA techniques.

In an assessment of cell mediated immunity against Salmonefl g_'p_h_i antigen in Guinea pigs following their intraperitoneal injection with sensitized spleen cells. The results were revealed a high level of cell mediated immunity against Salmonella typh_i_ antigen in the Guinea pigs intraperitonealy received the sensitized spleen cells (5x1 08/1111). The level of cell mediated immunity was detected using delayed type hypersensitivity test. Macrophages migration inhibition test and Erythrocytes rosette test. The nonnal (nonsensitized) spleen cell recipient group (control group) was showed no level ofcell mediated immunity using these tests.

A case control study was conducted in Busrah at the period from March to September 2002 . The population included in this study was divided into two groups . The first group was included patents with G6pD deficiency and the second group was included normal individuals as a control group . Stool samples were collected from both groups for bacteriological e.'amination . This study revealed that ; there was an association between G6pD deficiency and Salmonella typhi carrier state and this association was statistically significant in urban rather than rural area .

Several physiological variables related to salinity acclimation in Liza abu were examined, using oxygen consumption rate and glucose level as an indication of osmoregulatory energetic. l~'reshwater acclimated I.. aim were transferred to two salinity (7 and 15 g/L) oxygen consumption rates. glucose levels and plasma ion concentrations (Na i. K’) were measured after three days of transfer to higher salinity. Plasma ion concentrations were elevated after transfer. Blood glucose level increased after transfer to salinity 7 g/L while its level decreased in salinity 15 g/L compared to its level in freshwater. Oxygen consumption rate increased one and half time of that in freshwater but no significant difference were noticed in oxygen consumption rates between fish in both salinities (7 and 15 g/L) .'l'he amount of metabolic energy consumed during salinity acclimation were also determined. The result showed that the physiological changes associated with salinity acclimation impose a significant short - term energetic cost.

Abomasum, liver and lung of l2 adult moulllon (o;is ammon musiomon p) were investigated for helminths parasite which belong to ahcrd of about 170 animals. Tow species of nematoda and one fluke all from the digestive tract were found Q L and Q (/(.'n(/I‘iI£'1_u_)g The present linding of these parasite were considered the first in Iraq.

Evaluation of the effect of common antibiotics used in the farm production , on the immune system of chickens during the 21 days of life were investigated. A total of 60, one-dayold chicks were divided into Four equal groups and was raised for 30 days. Three groups were treated with Ampieillin, Enrofloxacin & Amoxyeillin respectively whereas the4"‘group was served as control. Antibiotic treatment was similar to regimen used in commercial chicken production. which included utilization of antibiotic at 1“ day of life and after vaccination. Body weight, bursa of fabrieius weight and bursa of fabrieius to body weight ratio were calculated in order to monitor the growth rate of bursa during the 2] days of life. All birds were vaccinated against ND at 7&2ldays of age. Blood samples were collected at l4&?.9 days of age. Blood total protein, albumin and globulin were determined. Antibiotic treatment often resulted in significant decrease (l’ Keywords Ampicillin --- Fabricius --- lmmunomodulating

12 local breed cows, their age between 6-7 years old suffering from right alamnasal displacernem depending on their case history and general cxantinzrtion, treated surgically with two different surgical procedures (Right Flank Omentopexy and Right Flank abomasopcxy).

Difierent co1icc1)tratio1) ol'rit;1(npin and Ciprotlox'tcin ~vere tested I'or their activities in iil>(~ a Keywords rifampin --- Leishmanicidal --- CL.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in Beni-Suef Governorate. For this purpose, 305 fecal samples from animals (75 calves, 74 dairy cattle, 86 lambs and 70 sheep) and 177 human stool samples were collected from inhabitants and out patients of the university hospital in Beni-Suef who suffering from gastroenteritis mainly diarrhea. The samples were examined using Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. An over all of animal cryptosporidiosis was 6.8%. Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected in calves, dairy cattle, lambs and adult sheep at a rate of 12%, 2.75%, 6.97% and 0% respectively. Concerning humans Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected at a rate of 14.56% and 2.7% in diarrheic individuals and apparently healthy ones. Infection rate in females (14.28%) was higher than in males (6%) and the children (1-10 years old) were highly susceptible to cryptosporidiosis than adults. Eighty-nine selected diarrheic feacal samples (79 from humans and 10 from calves) were selected and examined by cryptosporidium antigen capture ELISA beside their examination by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. No significant differences were found between the two techniques in terms of epidemiological study.

An unusual fowl pox outbreak has been diagnosed in 40 days-old-unvaccinated broilers farm in Dakahlia Governorate during summer, 2004. The most characteristic observation of this outbreak was that the pox signs and lesions were observed on the feathered parts of the body mainly in the posterior dorsal area of the chickens. Classical pox lesions were also seen in the mouth, comb, wattle, eyelids and shank of some chickens. Samples were collected from affected birds for virus isolation and histopathological studies. The isolated virus on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was serologically confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed characteristic intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in affected chicken tissues and CAM. This outbreak caused severe economic losses due to cutaneous lesions in the feathered area of the body that resulted in high condemnation rate at processing plant beside to high mortality which reached upto25%.