The review was aimed at recording ectoparasites of African Black Vulture (Gyps africanus). The physical examination resulted in collection of several mites and ticks. High quality images of the mites and ticks were accustomed to capture its identification through the aid of three dimensional (3D) microscopy. Further confirmations of the mites and ticks taxonomy were achieved through mites and tick research site: (www.tickspotters.org). The nymphal stage of lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and mites (Estrilda astrild) were confirmed during the study. For endoparasites, a faecal sample was collected to spot eggs and larvae through the direct smear  method. Coproscopy revealed a variety of Ascarid eggs, eggs of the Strongyle group and blood smear made for blood protozoa. Ectoparasite the nymphal stage of Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and endoparasite Ascarid eggs and eggs of the Strongyle group found in direct smear but no protozoa was found in a blood smear.

Rabbits are increasingly recognized as valuable livestock species, yet mange remains a significant ectoparasitic disease affecting dermatological integrity, welfare, and productivity. Ivermectin is the standard therapeutic agent; however, concerns about acaricide resistance, drug residues, and cost necessitate alternative management strategies. This study investigated the prevalence of mange in rabbits within Jos metropolis and evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Azadirachta indica (Neem) oils. One hundred skin scrapings were collected from rabbits presenting mange-like lesions across multiple farms and examined microscopically for mite identification. Infestation severity was categorised as mild, moderate, or severe. Eight naturally infested rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups (A–D). Group A (positive control) received ivermectin, while Groups B–D were treated topically with Eucalyptus oil, Neem oil, or their combination at intervals of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Clinical efficacy was assessed based on lesion resolution and recovery rate. Mange prevalence was 79%, with mild (70.9%), moderate (17.7%), and severe (11.4%) infestations showing statistically significant variation (p < 0.0001, ᵡ² = 47.5910; df = 2). Therapeutic response also varied significantly across treatment groups (p < 0.0001, F = 1.844). Psoroptes cuniculi was identified as the predominant mite species. By day 35, Eucalyptus oil exhibited superior acaricidal activity, leaving only alopecia, while Neem oil and its combination with Eucalyptus produced marked but slightly less rapid healing, with minimal residual crusting. Findings demonstrate a high prevalence of mange in the study area and highlight essential oils as cost-effective, eco-friendly alternatives for rabbit mange control.

Intensification of aquaculture has led to the increasing use of drugs and other chemicals in order to reduce mortality and increase yield and production. Antimicrobial regiments are being employed prophylactically and therapeutically to combat the challenges of fish health condition and also growth promotion in aquaculture. A number of these chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents are used in feeds or directly into the culture after lowering the level of water. Oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is widely used in aquaculture as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent because of its broad spectrum activity and its low price. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Sokoto State, Nigeria. One hundred and eighty (180 table size and ready-for-market catfish were sampled from the selected fish farms across three senatorial zones in Sokoto State for detection of Oxytetracycline residue using quantitative ELISA. The results showed that forty-nine (27.22%) catfish samples contains average Oxytetracycline residue concentration of 349.0925 ppb, which is more than the recommended Maximum Residue Level of 200 ppb. There was no significant statistical association between Oxytetracycline residues detected between three agricultural zones.

Neuropeptide nesfatin-1, a nucleobindin-2 derivative, plays a role in regulating food intake, energy metabolism and body weight. It also interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has functions in the reproductive system. However, its impact on the canine reproductive tract has not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of nesfatin-1 in canine ovarian activity and uterine function.

Over the past three decades, emerging epidemiological evidence has shown the increasing incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). As a result, clinical awareness of the impact these organisms have on both human and animal health has grown.

Staphylococci commonly colonise the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, the close contact between which may promote interspecies transmission of these microorganisms and determinants of drug resistance.

Neurokinin B (NKB), dynorphin A (Dyn A) and kisspeptin (KiSS) are key agents that participate in the neuroendocrine regulation of the development and functioning of the reproductive system. While the role of KiSS is better understood, the functions of NKB and Dyn A at the pituitary level have not been elucidated. The objective of our study was to analyse their direct effect on kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10) secretion by anterior pituitary cells isolated from pubescent ewes.

The aim of this article was to review current knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the avian eye and ocular diseases in poultry. The avian visual organ consists of the eye and extraocular organs and, unlike the mammalian eye, is characterised by many structural and functional adaptations that enhance vision. Avian eyes do not have the same functions as mammalian eyes. Bird eyes have high sensory sensitivity and are capable of constellation recognition for star orientation and navigation; they may be regarded as the finest ocular organs in the animal kingdom. It is generally accepted that the considerable differences in the morphology and function of avian eyes are largely due to adaptations to specific activities and environmental conditions. Eye diseases are rarely diagnosed in poultry because, unlike livestock and pets, detailed ophthalmological examinations are not carried out on farmed birds. Nevertheless, poultry are frequently affected by ocular pathologies, including developmental abnormalities, infectious and non-infectious diseases, degenerative processes, tumours, injuries and pathological conditions of unknown aetiology. In poultry, ocular disease is often associated with respiratory and systemic disease. Ocular pathology in farmed birds has a complex aetiology and its incidence can be reduced by controlling the incubation parameters of hatching eggs, avoiding feeding errors in breeder flocks and rearing poultry under conditions that optimise welfare and comply with biosecurity standards.