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Production trials involving use of the FAMACHA© system for haemonchosis in sheep : preliminary results النص الكامل
2008
J.A. Van Wyk
Production trials involving use of the FAMACHA© system for haemonchosis in sheep : preliminary results النص الكامل
2008
J.A. Van Wyk
In three trials conducted on two separate farms the production of sheep treated for naturally acquired haemonchosis using the FAMACHA© system of targeted selective treatment (TST) (i.e. to treat only those animals unable to manage unaided in the face of heavy Haemonchus challenge) was compared to that of suppressively drenched sheep in the same flock. As expected by the research team who developed and evaluated the FAMACHA© system, TST did result in some loss in production. However, despite high levels of worm challenge in two of the trials and the fact that the comparison was with suppressive drenching which is not sustainable, the total effect was relatively small in relation to the important advantage of using the TST as regards reduced selection for anthelmintic resistance (AR). Concerning the sustainability of worm control, it is concluded that the development of drug resistance to anthelmintics leaves sheep and goat farmers in South Africa no choice but to use methods of TST such as FAMACHA©. The FAMACHA© system can also be a useful clinical aid for early on-farm detection of AR by farmers; the degree of improvement in the colour of the ocular mucous membrane from pale to red in individually drenched anaemic animals over a period of 7-14 days can give a good indication of the efficacy of the compound(s) used.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan النص الكامل
2008
D.A. Salih | I.I. Julla | S.M. Hassan | A.M. El Hussein | F. Jongejan
Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan النص الكامل
2008
D.A. Salih | I.I. Julla | S.M. Hassan | A.M. El Hussein | F. Jongejan
In a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan was determined. Three locations were selected (Gumbo, Khor Rumla and Nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. Two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. Total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (Nilotic Zebu breed) kept in six different herds. Four tick genera and ten species were identified. The tick species identified were Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus praetextatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. The highest number of ticks was collected in October during the rainy season. A finding of great significance was that R. appendiculatus, vector of East Coast fever, has now firmly established itself throughout the year with possible implications for cattle production in Central Equatoria State.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan النص الكامل
2008
Salih, D.A.(Central Veterinary Research Laboratories) | Julla, I.I.(University of Bahr El Ghazal College of Veterinary Science) | Hassan, S.M.(University of Khartoum Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Parasitology) | El Hussein, A.M.(Central Veterinary Research Laboratories) | Jongejan, F.(Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,)
In a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in Central Equatoria State, Southern Sudan was determined. Three locations were selected (Gumbo, Khor Rumla and Nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. Two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. Total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (Nilotic Zebu breed) kept in six different herds. Four tick genera and ten species were identified. The tick species identified were Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus praetextatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group. The highest number of ticks was collected in October during the rainy season. A finding of great significance was that R. appendiculatus, vector of East Coast fever, has now firmly established itself throughout the year with possible implications for cattle production in Central Equatoria State.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Molecular characterization of SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from cattle during a four-month period in 2001 in Limpopo Province, South Africa النص الكامل
2008
B.S. Phologane | R.M. Dwarka | D.T. Haydon | L.J. Gerber | W. Vosloo
Molecular characterization of SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from cattle during a four-month period in 2001 in Limpopo Province, South Africa النص الكامل
2008
B.S. Phologane | R.M. Dwarka | D.T. Haydon | L.J. Gerber | W. Vosloo
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that has a high rate of nucleotide mutation and amino acid substitution. In southern Africa the South African Territories (SAT) 1-3 serotypes of FMD virus are maintained by large numbers of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), which provide a potential source of infection for domestic livestock and wild animals. During February 2001, an outbreak of SAT-2 was recorded in cattle in the FMD control zone of South Africa, adjacent to the Kruger National Park (KNP). They had not been vaccinated against the disease since they form the buffer between the vaccination and free zones but in the face of the outbreak, they were vaccinated as part of the control measures to contain the disease. The virus was, however, isolated from some of them on several occasions up to May 2001. These isolates were characterized to determine the rate of genetic change in the main antigenic determinant, the 1D/2A gene. Nucleotide substitutions at 12 different sites were identified of which five led to amino acid changes. Three of these occurred in known antigenic sites, viz. the GH-loop and C-terminal part of the protein, and two of these have previously been shown to be subject to positive selection. Likelihood models indicated that the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous changes among the outbreak sequences recovered from cattle was four times higher than among comparable sequences isolated from wildlife, suggesting that the virus may be under greater selective pressure during rapid transmission events.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]Molecular characterization of SAT-2 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates obtained from cattle during a four-month period in 2001 in Limpopo Province, South Africa النص الكامل
2008
Phologane, B.S.(Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Exotic Diseases Division,Tshwane University of Technology Department of Biomedical Science) | Dwarka, R.M.(Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Exotic Diseases Division) | Haydon, D.T.(University of Glasgow Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology) | Gerber, L.J.(Tshwane University of Technology Department of Biomedical Science) | Vosloo, W.(Agricultural Research Council Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Exotic Diseases Division,University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that has a high rate of nucleotide mutation and amino acid substitution. In southern Africa the South African Territories (SAT) 1-3 serotypes of FMD virus are maintained by large numbers of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), which provide a potential source of infection for domestic livestock and wild animals. During February 2001, an outbreak of SAT-2 was recorded in cattle in the FMD control zone of South Africa, adjacent to the Kruger National Park (KNP). They had not been vaccinated against the disease since they form the buffer between the vaccination and free zones but in the face of the outbreak, they were vaccinated as part of the control measures to contain the disease. The virus was, however, isolated from some of them on several occasions up to May 2001. These isolates were characterized to determine the rate of genetic change in the main antigenic determinant, the 1D/2A gene. Nucleotide substitutions at 12 different sites were identified of which five led to amino acid changes. Three of these occurred in known antigenic sites, viz. the GH-loop and C-terminal part of the protein, and two of these have previously been shown to be subject to positive selection. Likelihood models indicated that the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous changes among the outbreak sequences recovered from cattle was four times higher than among comparable sequences isolated from wildlife, suggesting that the virus may be under greater selective pressure during rapid transmission events.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TELLURIC ACID AGAINST GROWTH OF SOME BACTERIA(IN VITRO) النص الكامل
2008
Eman T. Ali | Shaker.A.N.Al Jadaan
It was found that 0.3M of telluric acid dissolved in distilled water added in to Muller-Hinton agar media inhibited the growth of some gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as some gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Higher concentration of telluric acid solution in to the media inhibited growth of bacteria more strongly
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]INVESTIGATIONAL STUDY TO CHANGES OCCUR IN CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD SERUM PROTEIN DURING PREGNANCY IN IRAQI COW النص الكامل
2008
Rashad Fadhil Ghadhban
A study was conducted on (35) healthy Frisian cow aged (2-4) years and were grown in farms in Al-zubair region, in Basrah city This study was performed to find the effect of pregnancy on blood serum protein concentration (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Globulin fractions (α, β, γ). The result revealed there was significant elevation (P
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CHITOSAN HYDROGEL AS HAEMOSTATIC FROM DORSAL NASAL VEINS IN RABBITS النص الكامل
2008
Bassim K.Khashjoori | Abdalbari A. Alfars
The haemostatic capability, adhesion ability and biocompatibility of chitosan sponges was compared with conventional method as control group. The chitosan sponges were briefly immersed in an aqueous 20% ammonia solution before being applied to a rabbit dorsal nasal vein wound. The total amount of bleeding from the injured veins until hemostasis was similar for both chitosan and control group. The complete hemostasis success rates for both the chitosan and control group were also similar. Under hemostasis, the chitosan sponges strongly adhered to the surface of the rabbit muscles, whereas the control group. Under wet conditions, however, there was no significant difference in the adhesive ability between the two groups. During implantation, the chitosan sponges were much more flexible and resistant to breakage that good. The biocompatibilities in addition, biodegradation rates of the Chitosan sponges were very different after subcutaneous implantation in rabbit.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]EFFECTS OF PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM ON THE HEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS IN GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA, CYPRINIDAE) النص الكامل
2008
BASIM M. JASIM
Destruction of spleen and kidney components in C. idella started on the 17th day in specimens subjected to 20 µg•L-1 Cd . The spleen was actually destructed after 73 days of exposure to 60 µg•L-1 Cd , where the two pulps can not be distinguished clearly, as the splenic blood vessels contained less blood cells . The kidney showed a complete destruction and the hematopoietic tissue lacked a distinguishable border whereas the necrosis covered large area after 60 days at 60 µg•L-1Cd . The degree of destruction was lineary proportional to concentration of toxicant and period of exposure although the period was somewhat more effective . It was concluded that the histological alterations in spleen and kidney could be used as an indicator for water pollution with cadmium and for fish health as well .
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON SOME STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF TESTES IN ADULT MALE RABBITS النص الكامل
2008
Ammar A. AL-Haddad | Bara N. AL-Okaily and Sahib M. Hussein
This present study was designed to investigate the effects of two levels of cadmium chloride (30 and 40 part per billion (ppb)) in drinking water on body weight, relative weight of testes and epididymus (head, body, tail), diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules. Eighteen mature male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups; the control group (GI) were given ordinary tap water and animals in the first treated group (GII) were received 30 part per billion (ppb) of cadmium chloride in drinking water; while animals in the second treated group(GIII) were given 40 ppb of cadmium chloride in drinking water. Weight of animals were taken at the pre-treated period and every three weeks during the treated period. At the end of experiment the animals were killed, testis and epididymus were taken in order to measuring their weight. Samples testis were taken for histological study and for measuring the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the cells lining their. The results showed a significant increase (p
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]HISTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF TRIGEMINAL V, ABDUCENT VI, FACIAL VII AND VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR VIII NERVE NUCLEI IN ONE HUMPED CAMEL ( Camelus Dromedarius ) النص الكامل
2008
T.A.Abass
The present work making histological investigation of certain part of medulla oblongata on seven one humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in different ages and sexes, the Trigeminal V, Abducent VI, Facial VII, and Vestibulocochlear VIII nerve nuclei in camel was noticed. These nuclei are in close resamble in other mammals in location and the cells ( neuron ) type found in these nuclei. This study help to present an information on these nuclei cytoarchitecture and thier location, and may answers of many question about this animal (Camel ) which walking across huge deserts.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY THE EFFECT OF (3,5-DIMETHYL-1H-PYRAZOL-4- YL) MERCURY (II) CHLORIDE ON GROWTH INHIBITION OF SOME BACTERIA ,YEAST AND SOME FUNGI (IN VITRO). النص الكامل
2008
Eman.T.Ali
The reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole with mercury (II)acetate in absolute methanol gave (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) mercury(II) chloride (DMPMC), which characterized by microanalysis, 1H, and 13C-NMR and IR. It was found that 0.22M of (DMPMC) dissolved in ethanol/water added to Muller-Hinton Agar medium and Sabourauds-Dextrose agar medium (SDA) respectively, inhibited the growth of some gram negative bacteria [Escherichia-coli, Klebsiella-aerogenes and Pseudomonas-aeruginosa], also gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus-aureus, Streptococcus-pyogenes] and Candida-albicans as well as some fungi [Aspergillus-flavus, Aspergillus-fumigatus and Aspergillus-niger]. Higher concentrations of (DMPMC) solution in to the media inhibited growth of bacteria yeast and fungi under studies more strongly. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)and the cytotoxicity of (DMPMC) were studied against human being blood , it was found that it has no haemolysis at different concentrations in vitro
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]