The present study aimed to investigate the effect of serum derived from advanced platelet-rich fibrin on the healing of experimentally-induced corneal ulceration in donkeys. Nine adult apparently healthy donkeys of both sexes were used after being proofed normal after ophthalmological examination. A 6-mm-diameter centric corneal ulceration was induced chemically by using 1N sodium hydroxide solution. The donkeys were then randomly allocated into two main groups; control group (A), in which the corneal ulcer left for the period of the study without application of medicaments, and group (B), in which serum derived from advanced platelet-rich fibrin (s-PRF-drops) was applied to the eye three times/day for 35 days. Evaluation criteria included; clinical and external ophthalmic examinations, fluorescein staining, ulcer healing by analyzing serial digital photographs and histopathology. Results revealed no significant changes in the evaluation criteria between treatment and control groups. Corneal ulcer healing was associated with corneal opacity, vascularization, melanosis, and other complications that likely negate any potential benefit of administration of s-PRF as a treatment for corneal ulcer in donkeys. Histological results of the s-PRF-drops group were similar to the other group in the degree of re-epithelialization and regularity of the collagen bundles, type and maturity of the collagen. However, treatment by s-PRF drops resulted in no epithelial keratinization and slightly less sub-epithelial stromal inflammatory reaction.

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of ND in poultry in selected areas of Bangladesh. A total of 77 pooled oropharyngeal swab samples were randomly collected from live bird markets (LBM), backyard chickens, and commercial poultry farms around Savar, Tangail, and Gazipur. The risk factor data were collected using farmer’s interviews and close observation. All swab samples were subjected to RNA extraction followed by qRT-PCR with reference primers and probe to detect NDV. Overall, 28.58% samples were detected NDV positive with highest in backyard chickens 40% (OR:2.16; 95%CI:0.65-7.15) and lowest (23.53%) in commercial farms chickens. NDV prevalence was found highest (41.67%) in Gazipur and minimum (20%) in Tangail. Chickens that consume hand-mixed feed were found more susceptible to develop NVD (OR:12.28; 95%CI:1.26-25.6; n=5) compared with commercial and scavenging types of chicken feed. Educationally qualified people were found more successful to prevent the breakout of ND and chickens reared on floor were significantly prone to NDV than chickens reared in the cage. The odd ratio of NDV infection was 3.27 in dead chickens thrown away vs buried and OR:4.75 when sold sick chickens vs eat and medication. These findings suggest that NDV infections are prevailing in the chickens and may appear as a potential threat to the poultry industry. Extensive surveillance and strict farm biosecurity practices along with proper vaccination are recommended to prevent NDV.

Feed quality very depends on changes in the weather where in short rainy conditions the feed is abundant, mean while, long dry conditions cause feed availability to be limited. One of the abundant feeds is rice straw, but the use of rice straw needs to be considered for its nutritional content, thus its utilization requires to be processed first. This study aimed to utilize local microorganisms (MOL) of Bali cattle rumen fluid at different inoculum levels on the quality of fermented rice straw silage to over come feed shortages in dryland. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely R0: Rice Straw + Rice Bran 10% + molasses 3% (Without MOL of cattle  rumen fluid/control); R1 : Rice Straw + Rice Bran 10% + molasses 3% + MOL of cattle  rumen fluid 5%; R2 : Rice Straw + Rice Bran 10% + molasses 3% + MOL of cattle  rumen fluid 10%; R3: Rice Straw + Rice Bran 10% + molasses 3% + MOL of cattle  rumen fluid 15%. The percentage of molasses and cattle  rumen fluid was adjusted to the weight of chopped rice straw. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova). The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the organoleptic quality (color, texture, smell, presence of fungi and pH) and organic matter, crude protein, extract eter, crude fiber, carbohydrate, nitrogen free extract and gross energy (nutritional content) of rice straw silage, dry matter and gross energy had no significant effect (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the higher MOL of cattle  rumen fluid level use, the greater organoleptic quality and nutritional content of rice straw silage obtained

Salmonellosis is one of the most important problems in poultry industry and a critical food safety hazard. In the present study the prevalence of avian Salmonellosis was studied in different farms of broiler chickens in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt during the period from January to April 2020. A total of 140 samples were taken from slaughtered diseased or freshly dead broiler chickens aged from one to 35 days. Bacteriological examination revealed that 7.14% of the samples were Salmonella positive. Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that S. kentucky, S. blegdam and S. virchow were recognized at rates of 40%, 30% and 30%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that all salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). All isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline (100%) while 90% were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim and norofloxacin. On the other hand, 80% of isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Results of screening of some MDR isolates by multiplex PCR for detection of some virulence genes showed that all the tested isolates (100%) had invA, stn, spvC genes meanwhile pefA was not detected in any isolate.

Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production that still enzootic in livestock in many developing countries including Egypt. This study was conducted with the general objective of establishing the bacteriological status of bovine brucellosis in 15 governorates in Egypt during 2020-2021 to determine the circulating Brucella species on bacteriological and molecular basis. Clinical samples collected included milk or udder secretions, vaginal discharges, fetal membranes and stomach contents of aborted fetuses from dairy cows with history of brucellosis. In addition, lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac and supramammary) from carcasses of serologically positive animals were obtained from different localities for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. A total of 136 Brucella isolates were recovered from cattle in different governorates, Egypt. These include, 107 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 identified on bacteriological and molecular basis from Aswan, Beheira, Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Fayoum, Gharbia, Giza, Ismailia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Luxor, Monufia, Port Said, Qalyubia and Sharqia governorates. On the other hand, 29 Brucella abortus biovar 1 isolates were recovered from cattle from Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Monufia, Port Said and Sharqia governorates. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting IS711 gene confirmed Brucella on genus level. Multiplex PCR has amplified four fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, 1071 bp, and1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3, and three fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, and 1682 bp for B. abortus biovar 1. The identification of Brucella spp. in different farm animals of 15 Egyptian governorates highlights the dynamics and role of cattle in dissemination of Brucella infection all over the country. The obtained results indicate that the actual Brucellosis status during the years 2020 and 2021 refers to that B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are the prevalent types circulating in different Egyptian governorates.

Kinesio taping (KT) is a technique extrapolated from human physiotherapy consisting of the application of an elastic tape to the skin to trigger analgesic, muscular, postural correction and circulatory effects. It is an easily applicable technique that has been developed in the field of equine physiotherapy over the last decade. The objective of this research is to evaluate the analgesic effect of KT applied to spinous processes of the horse measuring mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). KT was applied on 5 spinous processes of 15 horses, in two different experiments, comprising KT with 50% tension (KTT) and KT with no tension (KTNT). Measurements were taken before application of the tape (M0), 60 minutes after (M1) and 24 hours after, following its removal (M2). Clinical assessment of sensitivity to palpation was conducted at M0 and M2. Outcomes obtained at M0 were compared to those obtained at M1 and M2, and between both tests (KTT-KTNT). A significant increase in the MNTs at M1 was observed in both tests but not maintained following its removal 24 hours later. Sensitivity to palpation decreased in practically all the spinous processes in both tests. No significant changes were observed in the comparative analysis between both tests. KT applied to spinous processes of the horse with and without tension causes an increase in the MNTs 60 minutes after application. This effect is not sustained following taping removal although there is a clinically significant decrease of the sensitivity to palpation of the spinous processes.

This study aimed to characterize the different Staphylococci recovered from mastitic cows and buffaloes. A total of 126 mastitis milk samples were aseptically collected from clinically mastitic animals including 87 cows and 39 buffaloes. Bacteriological examination and biochemical identification using VITEK-2-compact-SYSTEM revealed that a total of 94 Staphylococcus isolates (74.6%) were recovered; 56 isolates (59.6%) and 38 isolates (40%) from cows and buffaloes, respectively. S. aureus was the most predominant isolate (n=26; 15 from cows and 11 from buffaloes) with a percentage of 27.7%. Moreover, 68 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates (72.3%) were identified of which; 21 S. epidermidis (22.3%); all isolates were from cattle, followed by 18 S. lentus (19.1%); 8 and 10 from cows and buffaloes, respectively, 17 S. simulans (18%); 6 and 11 isolates, respectively, and finally 12 S. hominis (12.9%); 5 and 7 isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. On the contrary, all isolates were resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 21 (22.3%) Staphylococci isolates. Biofilm formation capacity was phenotypically assessed on YESCA CR agar medium and showed that all Staphylococci isolates were curli-producing. Application of PCR technique revealed that sed, seb genes were the most prevalent genes in all isolates, followed by fnbA gene which was detected in 80% of the isolates, and then mecA, blaZ, and icaA with percentages of 60%, 40%, and 40%, respectively.

Liquid semen quality of landrace boar during preservation needs an extender to maintain sperm from the negative effect such as loss of energy, pH change, and membrane permeability damage. To reduce the negative effects, good extenders are required. Tris-EY and zorlesco are two common extenders that used for the preservation of boar semen. This research was aimed to evaluate that ability of tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender to maintain the quality of landrace liquid semen at 20 °C. Semen was collected from 3 years of landrace boar in healthy condition, by hand glove method twice a week. A completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 7 replications were used to collect data. Semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically then extended with tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender. The motility and viability of sperm were evaluated every six hours. Data were analyzed by T-test, SPSS Programed. Research results showed that sperm motility of landrace semen in a tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender has no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05) at 24 h evaluation, which were 41.00±2.23% in a tris-EY extender and 45.00±5.00% in zorlesco extenders. The viability of sperm also has no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05), the observed values were 54.38±6.38% in a tris-EY extender and 58.32±10.35% in a zorlesco extender. It can be concluded that tris-EY extender and zorlesco extender have a similar ability in maintaining the quality of landrace boar liquid semen at 20°C.

In this case, it was aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations along with surgical intervention results of a myxoid liposarcoma in a ten-year-old, female hybrid cattle. During clinical examination, an elastic mass, approximately 35x30x30 cm in size, was detected in the right fossa paralumbal region. As a treatment, total extirpation of the mass under sedation and local infiltration anesthesia was performed. The sections were prepared from the extirpated mass tissues and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological examination. In addition they were labeled with S-100 antibody for immunohistochemical examination. Histopathologically, atypical stellate spindle-shaped tumour cells were seen in the stroma of hypocellular region and inlarge lipoid cells locally and also, around the numerous vessels with thin Wall character. In addition, it was determined that these cells reacted positively with S-100 antibody immunohistochemically. After the removal of the mass surgically, no recurrence was observed during 2 year follow up and it was learned that the general condition of the cattle was good. As a result, due to the rarity of the disease, it was concluded that reporting myxoid liposarcoma cases may contribute to future studies.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in humans and several animals. Some strains can form a biofilm, which is related to chronic diseases. Green Propolis are used frequently in alternative medicine. Several studies have demonstrated the chemical similarities between Green Propolis and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. This study evaluated the antibacterial profile of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against S. aureus. The antibiofilm effect of the extracts was also evaluated against a reference strain of S. aureus. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for each isolate were assessed. MIC and MBC values for both extracts were similar against all bacterial strains. The extracts demonstrated good performance against the biofilm of the S. aureus ATCC 25923. Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia extract antibiofilm activities were mainly on biofilm’s newly formed and consolidated moments.