The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state selected purposely keeping in view of the fact that the district has highest population of  livestock in southern Rajasthan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected for the present study. The results indicated that a majority of farmers had medium level of Coordinating ability. Half (50%) of the small dairy farmers were found to have medium level of Planning ability while majority of medium category of dairy farmers had medium level of decision-making ability whereas in case of large farmer’s category, 58.82% of them exhibited high level of risk of dairy farming enterprise. The correlation analysis revealed the independent variables viz age, education, annual income, training, occupation, scientific orientation, extension and mass media were positively and significantly correlated with farmer’s Coordinating ability. However,  education, training, annual income, economic motivation, scientific orientation, market orientation, mass media were found to have positively and significant correlation with Planning ability of the respondents. The determinants, training, occupation, extension, annual income, mass media, economic motivation and scientific orientation were important variables which influenced Coordinating ability and Planning ability of dairy entrepreneurs.

A 3 year old Spitz- Pomeranian mixed breed was presented with a history of bilateral hind limb lameness and walking in abnormal gait since birth. Radiographic diagnosis revealed bilateral lateral luxation of patella with deformity of both stifles. Surgical correction of congenital deformity was done on right hind limb using the technique of trochlear wedge resection sulcoplasty (TWRS) and transposition of tibial tuberosity (TT) which showed normal weight bearing and good functional outcome on 50th post-operative day.

Foetal mummification is a common condition in swine. A four year old Large White Yorkshire sow gave birth to one mummified foetus along with 7 normal live foetuses in 4th parity.

The total meat production in India is 9.29 million out of which 4.78 million tonnes is from poultry and the growth of poultry meat sector has increased by 6.86 % over previous year. The growth rate of backyard poultry population from 2012 to 2019 (45.79 %) is ten times higher than when compared to commercial poultry (4.50 %) (BAHS, 2022). The native chickens are slowly growing in nature and are preferred for better flavor and for the belief that natural, less intensive management systems provide desi birds with higher welfare levels, resulting in much better product quality and great demand. The meat from native chicken is more delicious and provides nutritional security and economic support for the rural and most suited for backyard system of rearing. The aim is to study the carcass traits of available native chicken in India and compare it with native chicken at Hosur. The carcass characteristic of the native chicken variety at Hosur was evaluated by sacrificing 25 birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The observed results were compared with the performances of other varieties of native chicken in India with respect to the parameters like New York dressing yield, eviscerated yield, Ready to cook yield, cut-up parts yield, Meat bone ratio and Giblets yield at each sex of the bird at different age of slaughter especially at 16 weeks of age. It helps to identify the variety of native chicken which had good carcass traits and could be utilized for table delicacy.

The current study utilized 20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes maintained at an organized dairy farm in Vuyyuru, Krishna district to compare the metabolic (glucose), mineral (calcium) and anti-oxidant (superoxide dismutase) levels in ovsynch-48 (n=10, G48) and ovsynch-56 (n=10, G56) postpartum anestrus graded Murrah buffaloes. G48 group of buffaloes received 20 µg of GnRH on Day 0, followed by 500 µg PGF2 on Day 7, a final dose of 20 µg of GnRH was given 48 hours after PGF2α on Day 9. Whereas, G56 group of buffaloes received 20 µg of GnRH on Day 0, followed by 500 µg of PGF2α on Day 7, a final dose of 20 µg GnRH was given 56 hours after PGF2α on Day 9. In both groups, FTAI was performed at 16-21 hours interval after observing estrus. Results revealed that on different days of treatment, serum glucose and calcium levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both treatment groups; however, Superoxide dismutase levels varied significantly (P<0.05) on different days of treatment in both groups. The results of the study parameters could play pivotal role in reproductive function and may provide insights into the underlying mechanism of anestrus.

The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of oocyte retrieval through transvaginal ovum pick-up (OPU) in Ongole (Bos indicus) cows. Cows (n=18) were divided in to two equal groups; cows in group 1 cows were subjected to two OPU sessions (OPU1 and OPU2) at 96 h interval irrespective of the stage of estrus cycle. Cows of group 2 were subjected to FSH pre-stimulation before OPU 1 followed by OPU 2, 96h later. Thus, a total of 36 OPU sessions were performed on 18 animals.  The number of follicles available for aspiration (17.89 ± 1.78 vs 27.06 ± 1.75), number of medium (4 – < 8 mm; 4.11 ± 0.69 vs 16.00 ± 1.76) and large follicles (≥ 8mm; 1.06 ± 0.23 vs 6.33 ± 0.79), follicles aspirated (11.95 ± 1.42 vs 17.45 ± 2.07), COCs recovered (5.72 ± 0.78 vs 10.06 ± 1.78), and viable COCs collected (4.23 ± 0.67vs 8.34 ± 1.79) were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1.The mean number of follicles aspirated, the mean oocyte recovery and the viable oocytes collected were significantly higher at OPU 1 in both the groups than at OPU 2. It was concluded that pre-treatment with FSH increased the OPU efficiency in terms of oocyte yield and viable oocytes collected. OPU 2 performed at shorter interval after OPU 1 is not advantageous due to limited number of follicles available for aspiration at OPU 2 and consequently, reduced oocyte recovery.

The present study was conducted to study the effect of maize (Zea mays) cob on replacing paddy straw in the Total Mixed Ration (TMR). Twelve cross bred calves of about 5 to 8 months of age with body weight ranging from 41 to 79 kg were divided into two groups of six each in completely randomized design. Five complete diets were prepared (TMR1 to TMR5) using maize cobs at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of paddy straw in the diets containing 12 % CP and 60 % TDN of 50:50 concentrate to roughage ratio. There was significant (P<0.01) differences among the diets in OM, CF, NFE, TA, AIA, NDF, ADF, Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose contents. In vitro rumen fermentation study showed significantly (P<0.01) higher total gas (ml/200 mg/48 h), in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability in maize cob based ration than paddy straw contained ration (51.17 vs 36.00; 62.87 vs 57.25; 64.80 vs 59.93). Paddy straw (100%) based diet as control ration and maize cob (100 % replacement of paddy straw) based diet as treatment ration fed to growing calves for sixty days in growth trial. A seven day digestion trial was conducted in the middle of the experiment. The digestibility (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the maize cob based diet fed group than paddy straw based diet fed group. The average body weight gain (kg) and FCR (kg DMI/ kg gain) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in maize cob fed animals (19.47; 6.10) than paddy straw fed animals (16.02; 7.34). The feed cost per unit of weight gain in calves fed paddy straw based diet was numerically higher (30.78 %) than calves fed on maize cob based ration. It could be concluded that maize cob based ration could replace paddy straw at 100 % level in total mixed ration without affecting feed intake and nutrient digestibility and may also improve the body weight gain and reduce feed cost in growing calves.

The equine species, which includes donkeys, mules, horses, and ponies, have made major contributions to human civilizations all throughout the world. The Indian livestock sector, after an initial decline in period from 2007 - 2012, staged a remarkable comeback during the period from 2012-2019 with an impressive overall growth rate of 4.8%. However, the total population of horses, ponies, mules and donkeys in India is 0.55 million as per the latest livestock census, a decrease by 51.9% over the previous livestock census (2012). The ‘decreasing utility’ due to increasing vehicles and urbanization has been considered as factors for the drastic dip in population. This paper, based on secondary data, aims to provide a concise summary of the current status, growth rate, distribution patterns, and factors leading to the decline in the population of working equines in India. Tabular presentations and graphical representations have been utilized for easy analysis and comparison of population trends across different years.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of luteal regression on the conception rates in postpartum anestrus graded Murrah buffaloes. Ovsynch protocols: G48 group (n=10) and G56 (n=10) graded Murrah buffaloes, both received a 20 µg dose of GnRH on day 0, followed by 500 µg of PGF2α on day 7. On day 9, a final dose of 20 µg of GnRH was administered 48 hours after PGF2α for G48 and 56 hours after for G56. Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was conducted at 16-21 hours after 2nd injection in both groups. The luteal regression rates in both the groups were evaluated by progesterone hormone (P4) assay at different days of treatment. The results showed that in both groups, the concentration of P4 differed significantly (P<0.05) between and within groups at different days of treatment. In conclusion, it was found that the G56 group (70.00 per cent) had a higher overall conception rate than the G48 group (50.00 per cent) due to better luteal regression.

Avian species reproduce sexually by the fusion of male and female gamete spermatogonia and oogonia-produced by differentiated testes and ovaries. Fertilization is internal and all birds are oviparous. Reproduction in birds entirely varies from other animals. The two essential reproductive organs ere the ovary and oviduct which were involved in the synthesis of egg in adult laying hen. Gross and morphometrical studies were carried out on the female reproductive tract in twelve Siruvidai chicken of which six at laying phase and six at broodiness phase. The birds were reared in Poultry Research Station, Madhavaram, Chennai-51. In laying phase, the left ovary showed mature ovarian follicles whereas the ovary during broodiness phase was in the form of a bunch of grapes with no hierarchical follicles. There was no significant difference in the body weight of the bird during laying and broodiness. The mean length, weight and width of ovary and oviduct had a highly significant difference during laying and broodiness phase. Gross morphology revealed that only the left female reproductive tract was well-developed both during laying and broodiness phase and the morphometric data analyzed will provide a baseline for subsequent studies and also for comparison with other avian species.