Infections with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 can lead to severe health complications. This pathogen is commonly found in contaminated meat and fresh produce, posing significant public health risks. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method offers a rapid and accessible alternative to conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques, making it particularly suitable for on-site diagnostic systems. This study aimed to design a quick method using LAMP to detect the rfbE gene of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli ATCC 43888 was used as the positive control, while Candida albicans ATCC 10231, E. coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 served as negative controls. Positive and negative controls were tested 10 times each for both analyses. Following DNA isolation, real-time PCR and LAMP were performed and compared with culture methods. For the positive control strain (E. coli ATCC 43888) at 10 CFU/mL, positivity was detected in 8 out of 10 samples by real-time PCR and in 7 out of 10 samples by LAMP. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of LAMP and real-time PCR were 95.00%–96.67%, 100%–100%, 94.34%–96.15%, and 100%–100%, respectively. In conclusion, our study successfully developed a rfbE gene-specific LAMP kit for E. coli O157, demonstrating comparable sensitivity and specificity to real-time PCR and culture methods. This kit can be effectively utilized in resource-limited settings.

This study investigated the prevalence of dental diseases in cats, with a focus on the distribution of age and gender among effected individuals. A total of 50 cats were included, comprising 21 females (42%) and 29 males (58%). Age distribution revealed that 24 cats (48%) were kitten (0-11 months), 22 (44%) were adults (1-5 years), and 4 (8%) were elderly (≥6 years). Comprehensive clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed to assess the condition of the pulp, resorption, and the overall dental health, including the status of deciduous and permanent teeth, tooth mobility, dental plaque, halitosis, salivation, and mucous membrane appearance. The condition and number of deciduous and permanent teeth, mobility of teeth, dental plaque status, bad breath, salivation, and the appearance of mucous membranes were assessed.  The findings showed that 44 cats (88%) presented with at least one dental disease, affecting a total of 125 teeth. Alarmingly, none of the owners practiced routine oral or dental care for their cats, and only a minority had any awareness of feline dental health. These results underscore the widespread neglect of oral hygiene in cats and highlight the urgent need for educational initiatives to improve awareness and management of feline dental health in the general population.

The current study aims to examine the occurrence and antibiotic susceptabilities including methicillin resistance of S. aureus in pet cats oral and nasal svabs and to assess their potential role in the epidemiology for antibiotic resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal bacterium found in the skin, nasal microbiota,  mucose membrans and respiratory tracts of humans and animals especially dogs and cats, respectively. This trend of increasing pet ownership has raised concerns about the potential for companion animals to spread zoonotic infections, including S. aureus. A total of 12 (%25) S. aureus isolates were obtained and identified as bright zoned black colonies on RPF-BP agar from 48 nasal and oral swabs collected from cats. According to the evaluation of methicillin susceptibility using the disk diffusion test following the EUCAST method, 2 S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant. All S. aureus strains isolated were determined to be susceptible to vancomycin. In the double-disk diffusion test conducted to determine susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin, one (1) of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates also exhibited resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin. In the PCR test, among the 2 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, 2 contained the mecC gene, while mecA gene was not found. Considering that these animals are pets, it suggests that they could transmit MRSA bacteria to their owners or other individuals through various routes such as biting, licking, and close contact. These results are of significant importance from a public health perspective, especially one health perspective.

This  research  study  was  undertaken  to  find out  the  Participation  pattern and information sharing behaviour of farmers in WhatsApp social media. The data were collected by both interview method and participant observation technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics; association with participation pattern and the variables were captured by using chi square and Mann Whitney U test; relationship between selected independent variables and tendency to access and share information in WhatsApp group was studied using logistic regression model. The results revealed that 51.70 % of the farmers used WhatsApp mainly for sharing of farm related information, had a WhatsApp usage period of ranging from 0.3 to 10 years, possess membership in seven groups and as group admin in more than one group with 10 to 360 minutes time spent per day. Selected independent variables viz., type of group, number of membership and admin status, WhatsApp and internet usage period, relationship with group members, role in content generation, age and involvement in specialized farming all together explained 60 per cent of variations in tendency to access and share information in social media.

Rabies in dogs can be diagnosed by ante-mortem examination that plays an important role in early identification of infection in dogs. An unvaccinated 4 month old male dog was admitted in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex at Madras Veterinary College with the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress, paresis, anorectic hyperesthesia, relaxed rectal sphincter, hypothermia, congested mucous membrane, frothy salivation, brownish diarrhoea.  It was suspected for Rabies and was admitted in the rabies ward unit. The dog was screened for rabies viral antigen in salivary smear and corneal impression smears and confirmed for rabies by FAT in ante-mortem examination. After 2 days, death of animal was confirmed for rabies by post-mortem examination by Williams Modified Van Gieson’s Staining method. The results confirmed the presence of rabies  in that animal.

A cow was presented with an avulsed horn in the right orbit following fight with another cow. The plain radiography could not confirm the depth or shape of the lodged foreign body as the presence of bony orbit impaired the visualisation of the shape of less radiopaque horn shell. Contrast radiography was performed using 5 ml diluted iohexol. This helped in ascertaining the depth of the foreign body and shape of the end of the foreign body and the possible damage to the underlying tissues. The bony orbit was intact. The horn was removed under auriculopalpebral and retrobulbar nerve block. But there was irreparable damage to the eye, progressive shrinkage of extraocular muscles leading to enophthalmos and downward deviation of the eye ball. This is the first reported case of contrast radiography of an avulsed horn in the orbit of a cow.

An 8-year-old male kathiawari horse was presented to Large Animal Surgery Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, with a history of cloudiness and lacrimation of the right eye with worm crawling for the past 3 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a thread like worm swimming inside the anterior chamber of eye and mild opacity was noticed in the right eye. Under xylazine-ketamine general anaesthesia and proparacaine topical analgesia, the worm was surgical removed by needle paracentesis. Postoperatively, the horse was administered antibiotics and anti-inflammatories along with inj. Tetanus toxoid. The horse was dewormed with oral ivermectin. A complete resolution of lacrimation and corneal opacity was noticed on 20th postoperative day.

Pneumovagina is a prevalent condition in older Thoroughbred mares, characterized by the abnormal entry of air into the vagina which leads to chronic endometritis. Poor vulvar conformation in such mares predisposes them to infections, leading to chronic reproductive issues like subfertility. The mare was presented with history of purulent vaginal discharge and inappetence for past one week. Based on the physical, clinical and ultrasonographic examinations, the condition was confirmed as pneumovagina with uterine distension and endometritis. The treatment included antibiotics based on microbial sensitivity, uterine lavage, and performed Caslick’s operation, where the vulvar lips were surgically sutured and reduced the length and diameter of vulva. After postoperative therapy, the mare recovered uneventfully. A follow-up wind-sucker test was negative, and there were no signs of pneumovagina. Caslick’s operation proved to be a successful intervention for managing recurrent endometritis due to pneumovagina in Thoroughbred mares. This case emphasizes the importance of timely surgical correction in preventing further reproductive complications.

Brown seaweeds contain exclusive and enriched source of health promoting bioactive metabolites especially dietary fibre, antioxidants, essential amino acids, short chain fatty acids and minerals that helps in regulating and improving the gut microbiota and gut health. Threonine was found to be the predominant essential amino acids in S. tenerrimum (2.14±0.67 g/100g). The presence of n-3 long chain PUFA and the low ratio of n6:n3 fatty acid in S. tenerrimum (0.28) suggests it to serve as an ideal ingredient in preparation of low fat meat products. The Na/K ratio being 0.25 in S. tenerrimum could be of interest from a nutritional point of view as a balanced Na/K ratio is important to control hypertension. The mineral profile of S. tenerrimum suggests its suitability in preparation of low salt meat foods. The results of chemical profile of S. tenerrimum identifies it to act as an ideal functional source of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and anti-oxidants in meat products which will help to alleviate the ill effects of nutritional deficiencies.

A biological experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding of whole  paddy  grain on the  haematological  and intestinal  histomorphology  studies in broiler chicken. A total of 144 broilers were individually weighed, wing banded and randomly allotted on a weight equalization basis to 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates in each treatment group with 12 chicks in each replicate. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatment rations containing whole paddy grain at levels of 0 % (T1), 5 % (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) of the total ration at the expense of maize were formulated. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in packed cell volume %,  haemoglobin  concentration,  total  erythrocyte  count  and  total  leucocyte  count among treatment groups and control. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in intestinal length and weight between control and treatment groups. Intestinal histomorphology of duodenum recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher villi height in T4 (692.02 µm) than T1 (534.12 µm) and significantly (P<0.05) higher villi height: crypt depth ratio was recorded in T4 (18.88 µm) than T2 (12.77 µm) however, no significant (P>0.05) difference was recorded in villi width, crypt depth, villi surface area. In jejunum, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in villi height, villi width, crypt depth and villi surface area but villi height: crypt depth ratio recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher values in T3 (14.51 µm) than T1 (8.57µm) group. In ileum, no significant (P>0.05) difference was recorded in villi height, crypt depth, villi surface area and villi height: crypt depth ratio but villi width recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher value in T2 (53.66µm) than T1(32.74 µm) group. The findings of this study indicated more favourable outcomes in the treatment groups compared to the control group, suggesting that inclusion of whole paddy grain up to 15% in broiler chicken ration had no negative effect on intestinal and haematological parameters.