Abomasum, liver and lung of l2 adult moulllon (o;is ammon musiomon p) were investigated for helminths parasite which belong to ahcrd of about 170 animals. Tow species of nematoda and one fluke all from the digestive tract were found Q L and Q (/(.'n(/I‘iI£'1_u_)g The present linding of these parasite were considered the first in Iraq.

Evaluation of the effect of common antibiotics used in the farm production , on the immune system of chickens during the 21 days of life were investigated. A total of 60, one-dayold chicks were divided into Four equal groups and was raised for 30 days. Three groups were treated with Ampieillin, Enrofloxacin & Amoxyeillin respectively whereas the4"‘group was served as control. Antibiotic treatment was similar to regimen used in commercial chicken production. which included utilization of antibiotic at 1“ day of life and after vaccination. Body weight, bursa of fabrieius weight and bursa of fabrieius to body weight ratio were calculated in order to monitor the growth rate of bursa during the 2] days of life. All birds were vaccinated against ND at 7&2ldays of age. Blood samples were collected at l4&?.9 days of age. Blood total protein, albumin and globulin were determined. Antibiotic treatment often resulted in significant decrease (l’ Keywords Ampicillin --- Fabricius --- lmmunomodulating

12 local breed cows, their age between 6-7 years old suffering from right alamnasal displacernem depending on their case history and general cxantinzrtion, treated surgically with two different surgical procedures (Right Flank Omentopexy and Right Flank abomasopcxy).

Difierent co1icc1)tratio1) ol'rit;1(npin and Ciprotlox'tcin ~vere tested I'or their activities in iil>(~ a Keywords rifampin --- Leishmanicidal --- CL.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in Beni-Suef Governorate. For this purpose, 305 fecal samples from animals (75 calves, 74 dairy cattle, 86 lambs and 70 sheep) and 177 human stool samples were collected from inhabitants and out patients of the university hospital in Beni-Suef who suffering from gastroenteritis mainly diarrhea. The samples were examined using Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. An over all of animal cryptosporidiosis was 6.8%. Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected in calves, dairy cattle, lambs and adult sheep at a rate of 12%, 2.75%, 6.97% and 0% respectively. Concerning humans Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected at a rate of 14.56% and 2.7% in diarrheic individuals and apparently healthy ones. Infection rate in females (14.28%) was higher than in males (6%) and the children (1-10 years old) were highly susceptible to cryptosporidiosis than adults. Eighty-nine selected diarrheic feacal samples (79 from humans and 10 from calves) were selected and examined by cryptosporidium antigen capture ELISA beside their examination by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. No significant differences were found between the two techniques in terms of epidemiological study.

An unusual fowl pox outbreak has been diagnosed in 40 days-old-unvaccinated broilers farm in Dakahlia Governorate during summer, 2004. The most characteristic observation of this outbreak was that the pox signs and lesions were observed on the feathered parts of the body mainly in the posterior dorsal area of the chickens. Classical pox lesions were also seen in the mouth, comb, wattle, eyelids and shank of some chickens. Samples were collected from affected birds for virus isolation and histopathological studies. The isolated virus on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was serologically confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed characteristic intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in affected chicken tissues and CAM. This outbreak caused severe economic losses due to cutaneous lesions in the feathered area of the body that resulted in high condemnation rate at processing plant beside to high mortality which reached upto25%.

Elevated rectal temperature, mucopurulent nasal discharge, mortalities and abortion of pregnant ewes were the main clinical abnormalities recorded in sheep flocks at Seedy Salem Village, Kafr Al-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt following their vaccination by the attenuated Rift Valley vaccine. Meanwhile, 45 of the farmers in the village showed variable findings suggestive for a RVF epidemic and 17 farmers died of haemorrhagic fever as reported by the World Health Organization, WHO (2003). Blood serum samples were collected from 78 humans and 86 sheep and tested for RVF antibodies. We found that, where 11 (12.94%) and 10 (19.30%) of sheep and human sera respectively were positive. The recent history of vaccination of such flocks using the attenuated RVF vaccine lead us to suggest that the used vaccine might be the source of such epidemic.

A total of 40 samples of beef and chicken luncheon (20 samples for each) were collected from different markets in Giza city. Samples were subjected to Mycological investigations. Beef luncheon were highly contaminated than chicken luncheon (3.1 x 103 /g ±0.3x 10³) and (4.0 x 102 /g ±0.2x 10² ) respectively . Seven mould genera were isolated from examined samples. The majority of which were Aspergillus (19.7% and 18.1%) and Penicillium (18.9% and 15.7 %), while, Mucor (7.1% and 4.7%), Cladosporium (4.7% and 3.9%) and other genera were also isolated from the same samples but in low percentages from beef and chicken luncheon respectively. The predominant identified Aspergillus species were; A. niger (18.7% and 14.5%), A. flavus (18.7% and 12.5%) and A. ochraceous (6.3% and 6.3%) in the two products respectively. The main identified Penicillium species were; P. citrinium (20.6% and 13.6%), P. expansum (11.4% and 13.6%) and P. verrucosum (6.8% and 6.8%) from the same products respectively. Examination for mycotoxin production revealed the detection of ochratoxin A at a higher level (mean 21.0 and 27.0 ng /kg) from 2 (10%) samples of beef luncheon and one (5%) sample of chicken luncheon, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (mean 15.3 and 9.8 ng / kg) was detected in 4 (20%) samples of beef luncheon and 3 (15%) samples of chicken luncheon, respectively. Other mycotoxins (AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and T-2) were detected but in minor levels. Public health significance of the identified mould species and the detected mycotoxins were discussed.

The pharmacokinetic profile of difloxacin was investigated in camels after single intravenous and intramuscular administration of 5 mg kg-1 b.wt. After i. v. injection, serum concentration time curve was best described as two compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half lives (t0.5 (') and t0.5())) were 0.513± 0.01 h and 6.3±0.15 h. respectively. Difloxacin was distributed extravascularly with a volume of distribution (Vdss) 1.10 ± 0.035 l kg-1., and total body clearance (CLB) of 0.141+ 0.031 l kg-1 h-1. following intramusclar injection, peak serum concentration (Cmax) 2.59 ± 0.19 ug ml-1 attained after Tmax 3.05 ± 0.035 h. The absorption and elimination half lives (t0.5 (ab) and t0.5 (el)) were 0.95 ± 0.003 and 5.86 ± 0.33 h., respectively. The systemic bioavailablility (F) and the plasma protein binding were 87.95 and 23 %, respectively.

A penta-dog inactivated cell culture vaccine was prepared to protect dogs against canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus1, 2 and rabies virus. The potency of this vaccine was compared with that of single inactivated vaccines prepared against each disease, in different groups of susceptible dogs. It was found that the protective dose of penta-dog vaccine (2ml) including the protective amounts of the five viral proteins resulted in full protection of vaccinated dogs against the challenge with virulent strain of the used viruses showing no antagonizing effect between each other with and no adverse postvaccinal reaction. So, the prepared inactivated cell culture penta-dog vaccine is a safe and potent vaccine for dogs which resulted in saving time, cost, and effort stress factors on animals and providing good immune statues.