This study aimed to monitor oxidative stress parameters including total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level during the healing process in hair goats with metritis. This study was carried out on a total of 25 hair goats with metritis (n=10; Group 1) and healthy (n=15; Group 2). The beginning of the study was accepted as day 0. In both Group 1 and Group 2, blood samples were collected on days 0 (first measurement day), 14 (second measurement day) and 28 (third measurement day) of the study for TAS, TOS and TNF-α analyzes. In addition, oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated using TAS and TOS values.It was found that TAS level decreased in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the first measurement day (p<0.05). However, TOS, OSI and TNF-α levels increased in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p<0.01). At the second measurement day, TOS and OSI values were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (p<0.05).In conclusion, the antioxidant system weakened, oxidative stress and TNF-α levels increased in animals with metritis compared to healthy animals. However, at the third measurement time, all parameters became similar between groups.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the coronary veins and the branches that join it to provide venous drainage of the heart in Southern Karaman sheep. Material-Method: Eight Southern Karaman sheep’s heart tissues were used in the study. Latex injection techniques were used to determine the coronary veins and the branches that join it for providing venous drainage of the heart.Result: In the study, vena cordis magna, vena cordis media, and vv. cordis dextra was observed as venous drainage providing vessels. The vena cordis magna began in the lower third of the sulcus interventricularis paraconalis, called vena interventricularis paraconalis. This vein reached the sulcus coronarius and continued as vena circumflexus sinister. Vena cordis media was named as vena interventricularis subsinosus in sulcus interventricularis subsinosus. The vv. cordis dextra was responsible for the venous drainage of the facies atrialis of the heart.Conclusion: In the evaluation of the study findings, it was determined that the coronary veins and the branches joined it of Southern Karaman sheep were mainly similar to other sheep breeds in the literature. Still, there were some anatomical differences, for example; vena distalis ventriculi sinistri was opening into vena circumflexus sinister, vena apicis cordis was absent, vena semicircumflexa dextri was present.

A 19-day-old, male crossbreed kid with complications of difficulty in urination was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Aydin Adnan Menderes University. A purple thin-walled, fluid-filled structure was noticed on the ventral midline and was associated with the prepuce. The cystic structure was sharply incised, and the incision was extended from the most cranial to the most caudal extent of the dilatation. Penile urethral diverticulectomy was performed by the guidance of the urethral catheter. Postoperative attempts at urination resulted in free-flowing streams, and the kid did not have strangury. Sutures and urethral catheter were removed 10 days after surgery.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil and Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) extract on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) release in liver tissue of diabetic rats. Experimental groups were created as control, sham, chia, dandelion, diabetes (DM), diabetes+chia (DC), and diabetes+dandelion (DD). Body weight and blood glucose measurements were taken on the 1st, 3rd, and 17th days of the study and evaluated statistically. A one-way ANOVA test was performed to determine the differences between the groups. The Duncan test was used to compare significant differences between groups. At the end of the study, Masson's trichrome staining and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining were employed for histological examinations of liver tissues, and the distribution of TNF-α and IL-6 was examined by applying the Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method.It was determined that body weight and blood glucose measurements were significantly decrease for the DC group compared to other groups. Immunoreactivity of TNF-α and IL-6 was found to decrease in DC and DD groups at close to the control levels.Based on our results, it was thought that the use of chia and dandelion in diabetes may contribute to the alleviation of disease-related complications by having a positive effect on proinflammatory cytokine levels.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of skin. All species of animals are vulnerable to SCC and, sheep are very rarely developing this type of skin carcinoma. The purpose of this report was to describe unusual mammary lobe localization of SCC showing a great resemblance to the mammary tumor according to its gross and clinical examinations. The sheep was brought to department of obstetrics and gynecology and, tumoral tissue was totally extirpated with a suspicion of mammary tumor. The diagnosis made as differentiated squamous cell carcinoma originated from the skin surface and invading through the dermis and subcutis but mammary gland parenchyma was remained intact. There are only few reports of SCC cases belonging to the skin of the mammary area in sheep. Therefore, it is thought that this case will make a scientific contribution with its originality and rarity.

In contrary to most domestic livestock species, the common donkey (Equus asinus) is widely known as an animal with marked seasonality in reproductive activity. The annual cycle of daily photoperiod has been identified as the determining factor in sexual activity. A synthesis of the particularities of donkey reproduction is important and constitutes a basis of scientific reflection for managing asine livestock farms and establishing a well conservation plan for the different breeds around the world. It is necessary to have a perfect knowledge of the seasonal physiological changes in order to optimize the reproductive characteristics of donkeys. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the reproduction seasonality of common donkeys. We start with a remainder of some anatomical of the genital apparatus and sexual behavior aspects. Moreover, the investigations undertaken by many authors reveal the influence of the season on testicular biometry, histology, seminal and hormonal parameters in male donkeys populations. In conclusion, despite scientific controversy on the reproductive seasonal character in donkeys, it could likely be influenced by several factors mainly the photoperiod.

Yersinia enterocolitica infections impose a significant public health and socioeconomic burden on human population in many countries. The current study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular diversity of Y. enterocolitica in meat and meat products across various retail outlets in selected provinces of South Africa (SA). In a cross-sectional study, a total of 581 retail meat and meat products were collected from four cities across three provinces of SA. Samples were from beef and pork products, which included 292 raw intact, 167 raw processed, and 122 ready-to-eat (RTE) meats. Samples were analysed using classical microbiological methods for isolation, identification and biotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for confirmation, serotyping, screening of virulence (n = 11) and antimicrobial resistance (n = 18) genes. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined against 12 antibiotics discs, using disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of 12% (70/581) was reported across all cities with contamination proportion reported in samples collected from raw intact 15% (43/292), followed by raw processed 11% (18/167) and RTE meats 7% (9/122). All positive isolates were of biotype 1A with 7% (5/70) belonging to bioserotype 1A/O:8. Most of the isolates harboured ymoA, ystB, fepD, ail, fepA, invA and myfA virulence genes. High antimicrobial resistance frequency was observed for ampicillin (94%), cephalothin (83%) and amoxicillin (41%), respectively. Of the 18 tested antimicrobial resistance genes, blaTEM was the most predominant (40%) followed by cmlA (21%). This study reveals the presence of antimicrobial resistant Y. enterocolitica possessing virulent genes of public health importance in products of animal origin, therefore, health monitoring and surveillance of this pathogen is required.

Kinesio taping (KT) is a technique extrapolated from human physiotherapy consisting of the application of an elastic tape to the skin to trigger analgesic, muscular, postural correction and circulatory effects. It is an easily applicable technique that has been developed in the field of equine physiotherapy over the last decade. The objective of this research is to evaluate the analgesic effect of KT applied to spinous processes of the horse measuring mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). KT was applied on 5 spinous processes of 15 horses, in two different experiments, comprising KT with 50% tension (KTT) and KT with no tension (KTNT). Measurements were taken before application of the tape (M0), 60 minutes after (M1) and 24 hours after, following its removal (M2). Clinical assessment of sensitivity to palpation was conducted at M0 and M2. Outcomes obtained at M0 were compared to those obtained at M1 and M2, and between both tests (KTT-KTNT). A significant increase in the MNTs at M1 was observed in both tests but not maintained following its removal 24 hours later. Sensitivity to palpation decreased in practically all the spinous processes in both tests. No significant changes were observed in the comparative analysis between both tests. KT applied to spinous processes of the horse with and without tension causes an increase in the MNTs 60 minutes after application. This effect is not sustained following taping removal although there is a clinically significant decrease of the sensitivity to palpation of the spinous processes.

Salmonellosis is one of the most important problems in poultry industry and a critical food safety hazard. In the present study the prevalence of avian Salmonellosis was studied in different farms of broiler chickens in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt during the period from January to April 2020. A total of 140 samples were taken from slaughtered diseased or freshly dead broiler chickens aged from one to 35 days. Bacteriological examination revealed that 7.14% of the samples were Salmonella positive. Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that S. kentucky, S. blegdam and S. virchow were recognized at rates of 40%, 30% and 30%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that all salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). All isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline (100%) while 90% were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim and norofloxacin. On the other hand, 80% of isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Results of screening of some MDR isolates by multiplex PCR for detection of some virulence genes showed that all the tested isolates (100%) had invA, stn, spvC genes meanwhile pefA was not detected in any isolate.

Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production that still enzootic in livestock in many developing countries including Egypt. This study was conducted with the general objective of establishing the bacteriological status of bovine brucellosis in 15 governorates in Egypt during 2020-2021 to determine the circulating Brucella species on bacteriological and molecular basis. Clinical samples collected included milk or udder secretions, vaginal discharges, fetal membranes and stomach contents of aborted fetuses from dairy cows with history of brucellosis. In addition, lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac and supramammary) from carcasses of serologically positive animals were obtained from different localities for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. A total of 136 Brucella isolates were recovered from cattle in different governorates, Egypt. These include, 107 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 identified on bacteriological and molecular basis from Aswan, Beheira, Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Fayoum, Gharbia, Giza, Ismailia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Luxor, Monufia, Port Said, Qalyubia and Sharqia governorates. On the other hand, 29 Brucella abortus biovar 1 isolates were recovered from cattle from Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Monufia, Port Said and Sharqia governorates. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting IS711 gene confirmed Brucella on genus level. Multiplex PCR has amplified four fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, 1071 bp, and1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3, and three fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, and 1682 bp for B. abortus biovar 1. The identification of Brucella spp. in different farm animals of 15 Egyptian governorates highlights the dynamics and role of cattle in dissemination of Brucella infection all over the country. The obtained results indicate that the actual Brucellosis status during the years 2020 and 2021 refers to that B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are the prevalent types circulating in different Egyptian governorates.