The baicterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using, different V cultures mediia and incubation temperature. The Psychrophil, Camel, higher mean of mesophils,‘ psychrophilsj, coli form and fungi count was found in the rumenal fluid of sheep. While higher mean of staphylococci and Escherichia coli count was observed in the rumenal fluid of camel. Significant mean difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed between camel and sheep and between sheep and cow concerning the psychrophilic bacteria Also _ significant mean difference was observed in E coli mean count among camel ,sheep and cow I, rumenal fluid microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of mesophils ,coliforrn ,staphy1ococci and fungi. A freshly isolated _E.coli from rumenal fluid of camel had antibacterial activity against ' Streptococcus: spp and Staph aureus

The pathogens listed under dogs and cats include the pathogens of males and females for the species. The pathogen of cats is lesser than of dogs because of difficulty in catching and handling the cats. The pathogens are referred by their first laboratory confirmer(s), except for the bacterial pathogens which are listed without the confirmer(s) due to the uncertainty of the first confirmer (s). The microorganismes from healthy tissues are not included. The mentioned investigations and research studies confirmed 82 pathogens in dogs and 26 in cats

Sixty fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were obtained from the farm of Marine Science Center, University of Basrah. These fishes were divided into six groups (10 fishes/20 liters aquaria). One of these groups was injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) with an isolate of non-hemolytic Streptococcus at a concentration of 1 X 104 CFU/ ml. The other two groups were inoculated with 2.5 X 107 CFU/ ml of the same isolate via water pollution, one with and the other without skin abrasion. The other three groups were left as control and the experimental period was 35 days. The mortality rate was 100% in the I.P. inoculated group during the first week of the experiment, while nil in the other groups. The most important clinical signs of I.P. inoculated fishes were corneal opacity, erratic swimming, hemorrhage on the body surface especially in the base of fins. The other groups did not show any signs. Postmortem examination revealed general pathological changes of septicemia. Hemorrhage in the peritoneum, liver, kidney, gills, intestine, heart and brain of affected fishes. The kidneys were moderately swollen, enlarged spleen, pale liver as well as inflammation was noticed around kidney, heart and eye. Hyperplasia and necrosis of gills have been seen. Ascetic was also seen, while internal examination of other groups which were inoculated by aquarium with and without skin abrasion as well as their control groups did not reveal any obvious postmortem changes during the experiment. Microscopic examination revealed edema and inflammation of brain, eye exhibited hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration, thickening of epithelial tissue of gills followed by necrosis and sloughing of these tissues. Degeneration and inflammation of myocytes and cardiocytes. Hydropic and fatty degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis of hepatic cells. Glomerulonephritis and. depletion of hemopoitic tissue in kidney

Stool samples were collected from 7537 persons attending Qurna hospital in Basrah from the period of Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2005 were examined and studied to define the role of intestinal protozoal infections ( Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia and mixed infection ) in rural region (Qurna) and effect of risk factors of age and sex related to these parasites. A high percentage of patient (29.2%) had infection with Entamoeba histolytica followed by (15.0%) infected with Giardia lamblia. The influences of age on infection with Entamoeba histolytica was studied, a higher incidence is found at >45yr. (35.7%) and also at (1-14)yr. age groups (31.9%).whereas the high percentage in Giardia lamblia infection (21.5%) was found within the age group (30-45)yr. Significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in the rate of infection with Entamoeba histolytica between males (33.9%) and females (26.7%) and No significant difference (p<0.05) have been found in the infection rate in Giardia lamblia (16.4%) were male and (14.7%) were females and mixed infection (11.2%) were males and (10.7%) were females.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding raw garlic in the diets on certain hematological and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Total of (40) birds (one day old) were used for this study. The birds divided randomly and equally into (4) treatment groups which fed on one of the following for 56 days: group (1) was fed on 10% raw garlic with basal diet, group (2) was fed on 5% raw garlic with basal diet, group (3) fed on basal diet and antibiotic (Ampicillin) which was added to the drinking water and group (4) fed on basal diet only (control group) The results showed that there were no significant alteration in PCV and RBCs in the group which fed on 10% raw garlic compared with the control one, however these group showed significant (p

The microbial quality of beef carcasses, sanitary conditions in butchers’ shops and possibility of the presence of human pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks such as salmonella and staphylococci was investigated in 160 samples of beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives, workers’ hands and air (32 samples for each) during January and ended in June. All samples examined bacteriologically for aerobic plate count, total coliform count, Staphylococcus aureus count and an attempt was made for isolation and identification Salmonella spp. This study have shown that there was a gradual increment in the count of all microorganisms starting in January and ending with June, the minimum mean of aerobic plate count of beef carcasses was 27.32x104 cfu/cm2 in January where as the maximum mean was 79.94x104 cfu/cm2 in June, the minimum mean of total coliform count was 0.67x103 cfu/cm2 in January and the maximum mean was 1.16x103 cfu/cm2 in June. The minimum mean of Staphylococcus aureus count was 7.36x102 cfu/cm2 in January whereas the maximum mean was 27.11x102 cfu/cm2 in June. The same results were observed in the cutting blocks, knives, and workers’ hands concerning the minimum and maximum mean count of the studied bacteria. Salmonella could not be isolated from any examined samples and the percentage of Coagulase positive Staph. aureus which were isolated from beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives and workers’ hands samples was 100%.

A study was conducted on 65 clinical cases of upward fixation of patella of she buffaloes treated during the last years(2000 - 2006). The occurrence of the disease with respect to species and season were documented Buffaloes suffering from jerky movement during flexion to complete immobilization of the joint. Since the animal fixes its( limb in extension ) while the patella glides up over the trochela. All Buffaloes were affected with upward fixation of the patella in one back leg. After medial patellar desmotomy, buffaloes become health sound and returned in stride normal. The purpose of this study was to treat and report for the first in literature of upward fixation in buffaloes in Basra provinces. Alternatively tying the animals to a wheel of a bullock cart also resulted in good control of animals under field conditions.

The L.arginine-Nitric oxide pathway has shown a role in pain felling which is a mediator with modulation effect in dorsal root of ganglionic neurons of spinal cord. The presented study goal was to clarify the influence of sex on the effects of L.arginine mediated nitric oxide on pain arbitration in both sexes of mice. The response time of hot plat test and latency period of tail flick were recorded the pain perception. The results of both groups of control and treated with L.arginine showed decrease of time response of hot plat in male than female and the same result in tail flick latency period of control group. Where as amplify of hot plat response time of male than female in L.NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) treated group. Morphine treated group were increase in all groups as compared with control. These findings might be attributed to that pain felling is intercede through diverse mediators in different sexes of mice male and female, this may possible involves sex hormone. In addition, from the result of L.NAME on pain sensation, it may be recommended that L.arginine-nitric oxide pathway is extra vital in male in comparison with female in pain sensation.

The object of this study was to investigate the effect of xylazine administration at dose of (0.05 mg/kg BW) intravenously in late pregnancy of buffaloes and cattle. Under xylazine as sedation and analgesia, accompanied with local anesthesia, rumenatomy were implemented on three hundred seventy two buffaloes and sixty four cattle. Eighty two and thirty five of these buffaloes and cattle were in late pregnancy respectively. The results of this study revealed that xylazine did not effect the buffaloes in late stage of pregnancy, but it cause abortion in late pregnancy in cattle at a percentage of 3.65%. Also there was individual variation of response to xylazine in both buffaloes and cattle. The latter appeared to be more sensitive to xylazine than buffaloes

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of vaccination trial of sheep with different types of hydatid cyst antigens (hydatid cyst fluid, protoscolecses and laminated layer ).in the prevention and control of hydatid cyst infection .The animals in all groups received Echinococcus granulosus egg as challenge after the third injection of antigens . Serum antibody responded of vaccinated animals with different antigens studied during the period of study , the results revealed that ,the titer of antibodydepend on indirect heamagglutination test after 21 days and 6 months were 640 and 320 respectively when hydatid cyst fluid antigen was used Also it was 320 and 160 respectively when protoscolisces and laminated layer antigen was used . The animals observed over a year after vaccination and the observation show reduction in the hydatid cyst growth in the vaccinated groups, whears the control group show growth of small cyst in the liver and lung.