The helminth community infecting Miniopterus natalensis was studied at two localities, the De Hoop Nature Reserve (DHNR) (n = 57), Western Cape Province and Pretoria (n = 12), Gauteng Province, South Africa. Hosts from the DHNR had formed part of an earlier, unrelated study and were all pregnant females. A single hymenolepidid cestode species, the nematodes Molinostrongylus ornatus and Litomosa chiropterorum together with nematodes of the subfamily Capillariinae were present at both study sites, while a single digenean, Allassogonoporus sp., was only found in hosts from the DHNR. The prevalence of helminth infections was high at both localities, 68.4 % in the DHNR and 77.7 % in Pretoria, whereas the mean intensity of infection was low at the DHNR (3.76 ± 3.15), but higher in Pretoria (10.4 ± 9.9). Molinostrongylus ornatus and, to a lesser extent L. chiropterorum, were the main contributors to the higher intensities in Pretoria. The species richness ranged from 0 to 4 at both localities.

The haemostatic capability, adhesion ability and biocompatibility of chitosan sponges was compared with conventional method as control group. The chitosan sponges were briefly immersed in an aqueous 20% ammonia solution before being applied to a rabbit dorsal nasal vein wound. The total amount of bleeding from the injured veins until hemostasis was similar for both chitosan and control group. The complete hemostasis success rates for both the chitosan and control group were also similar. Under hemostasis, the chitosan sponges strongly adhered to the surface of the rabbit muscles, whereas the control group. Under wet conditions, however, there was no significant difference in the adhesive ability between the two groups. During implantation, the chitosan sponges were much more flexible and resistant to breakage that good. The biocompatibilities in addition, biodegradation rates of the Chitosan sponges were very different after subcutaneous implantation in rabbit.

Dichlorvos is one of organophosphate insect pesticides which is widely distributed in environment. This study deals with the effect of this pesticide on sperms number , sperm abnormalities and spermatogenesis in laboratory male mice (Mus musculus L.) which were treated with (0.1 mg/day , 0.05 mg/day ) of the pesticide for a period of 15 day. intraperitoneal injection of Dichlorvos in laboratory mice resulted in a significant decrease in sperms number with both doses as compared with the control group. The result also showed a significant increase of sperm abnormalities with both doses. Moreover, pesticide injection caused a significant decrease in spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte with both doses whereas the statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in tubular diameter when compared with the control group.

Destruction of spleen and kidney components in C. idella started on the 17th day in specimens subjected to 20 µg•L-1 Cd . The spleen was actually destructed after 73 days of exposure to 60 µg•L-1 Cd , where the two pulps can not be distinguished clearly, as the splenic blood vessels contained less blood cells . The kidney showed a complete destruction and the hematopoietic tissue lacked a distinguishable border whereas the necrosis covered large area after 60 days at 60 µg•L-1Cd . The degree of destruction was lineary proportional to concentration of toxicant and period of exposure although the period was somewhat more effective . It was concluded that the histological alterations in spleen and kidney could be used as an indicator for water pollution with cadmium and for fish health as well .

Three preparations of dried oleander leaves were prepared. The first one was by extraction with hexane; the second by extraction with 70% ethanol while the third was suspended as a whole ground leaves in distilled water. Different concentration of each form was prepared and the range of lethal dose in mice had estimated by pilot studies. The acute toxicity study was carried out by determine the median lethal dose (LD50) after administration of each preparation using 5 subgroups (10 mice) each receive dose range from 60-64 mg/kg, 504-536 mg/kg and 1100-1300 mg/kg for the hexane extract , ethanol extract and leave suspension respectively. The lethal dose calculated by employing probit method and found to be; 62.6 mg/kg for hexane extract, 521.0 mg/kg for ethanol extract and 1164.8 for leave suspension. This result indicates that the toxic constituents of the leaves are mostly non-polar, also that the potency of toxicity is far less than that mention in some literature.

The activity of water and ethanol extracts of Ruta graveolens and Cuminum and the essentioal oils of the groups A and H were evaluated on the termites workers of Microcerotermis gabriles in the laboratory with different concentrations. Result showed that ethanol extracts of R.graveolens , C. cyminum were the most effective in mortality significant differences from other extracts in filter paper treatment which cause 71.6%, 73% respectively in concentration 10% in 24 hour and increase to 100% after 72 hour of treatment Direct method contact showed that powder of C. cyminum was the most effective in mortality with rates 66.6 % for period 10 minutes and increase to 100% after 72 hour of the same period. All tested plants extracts was repellent to termites and the essential oil of C. cyminum was the effective once.

Results of the present investigation on infection of Trypanorhychid cestode infestation of marine fishes of Khor –Abdulla North west Arabian Gulf throws June 2006 to May 2007 . revealed to presence of four different species Trypanorhychid cestodes:-. :Callitrahynchus gracilis , Dasyrhynchus pacificus from Scomberoides cammmersoniaus ; Nybelinia lamonteae from Saurida undosquamis ; Otobothrium penetratus from Synaptura orientalis ;Pterobthrium hira from Illisha elongata. which all represented as a new locality recorded parasite

This present study was designed to investigate the effects of two levels of cadmium chloride (30 and 40 part per billion (ppb)) in drinking water on body weight, relative weight of testes and epididymus (head, body, tail), diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules. Eighteen mature male rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups; the control group (GI) were given ordinary tap water and animals in the first treated group (GII) were received 30 part per billion (ppb) of cadmium chloride in drinking water; while animals in the second treated group(GIII) were given 40 ppb of cadmium chloride in drinking water. Weight of animals were taken at the pre-treated period and every three weeks during the treated period. At the end of experiment the animals were killed, testis and epididymus were taken in order to measuring their weight. Samples testis were taken for histological study and for measuring the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the cells lining their. The results showed a significant increase (p

Out of one hundreds heads of cattle slaughtered in Dohuk abattoir of Iraq – Kurdistan region , Sarcocystosis showed to be occur in percentage of 81 – 96 % for microscopic cysts( microcysts ) of Sarcocystis spp. of cattle by several diagnostic techniques ( gross examination , trichinoscopy , squeezing method and post trichinoscopy drop examination ) which are varies in their efficiency depending on organ and the parasitic stage that can be detected by the used technique . The seasonal effect showed to be not effect in the distribution of the infection and that very important in the epidemiology of the disease as occur through statistical analysis.

The present work making histological investigation of certain part of medulla oblongata on seven one humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in different ages and sexes, the Trigeminal V, Abducent VI, Facial VII, and Vestibulocochlear VIII nerve nuclei in camel was noticed. These nuclei are in close resamble in other mammals in location and the cells ( neuron ) type found in these nuclei. This study help to present an information on these nuclei cytoarchitecture and thier location, and may answers of many question about this animal (Camel ) which walking across huge deserts.