Alcohol extracts of the plant Salicornia herbacea L. were prepared, and found to be very effective against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cytotoxicit againsty human red blood cells, were studied and found that alcohol extract is not toxic, has a toxicity of 2500mg/ml. Biological characteristics were studied by the measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations on isolates of standard and pathological, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Minimum lethal dose that kill 50% of population (LD50) of Alcohol extracts were measured and found to be 6000mg/kg. Stability of Alcohol extracts at different pH and temperature ranges were measured also.

The antibacterial activity of aquaeous and purified pigment extracts of Hibiscus rosa siensis in concentration (20,50,100,200,250 mg) were tested against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli . The preliminary qualitative tests showed that the two extracts have flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides ,while alkaloids found only in the aquaeous extract. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of anthocyanin pigment . Both extracts gave a clear activity against the tested strains with a minimal Inhibitory concentration reached to 20 mg/ml.

ABSTRACT The present study was performed on 80 samples of frozen fish . The samples were collected from different shops in Basrah city . Listeria spp. Was isolated (13%) of frozen fish , also they were counted in the examined samples. The mean counts were 8.75 x 102 CFU/g. of the fish . L. monocytogenes differentially identified from other Listeria species and could he isolated at (5%) in frozen fish . The drug susceptibility characterization of L. monocytogenes cleared that all isolates (100%) were resistant to Ampicilline and Gentanicine . while the other used antibiotics showed different degrees of antimicrobial sensitivity reactions for streptomycin , Tetracycline , Rifampicine and cefotexim

This study were carried out on 20 healthy of spleen healthy adult Awasi sheep.The anatomical study include study of length, width Thickness, weight of 10 spleen.The average measurements were 9.93+0.342;6.48+0.233;2.48+0.142 cm and 69+6.663 gram respectively while the histological study include the thickness of capsule and trabeculae ,splenic white pulp diameter ,lymphoid nodule diameter were determind on 10 spleens.The average measurements were 140.5±13.712; 82.75±9.7; 505±34.245; 315.25±23.185 μ respectively. The periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) containing One central artery that branched into 2-3 arteries.

The present study included the collection of thyroid and parathyroid glands from the abattoirs of middle of Iraq in Summer and Winter seasons 2006-2007. The samples were fixed by 10% formalin and processed by the routine histological techniques, then stained by H and E, PAS and Van Gieson stain, then studied under light microscope. Dimensions were measured by ocular micrometer. Analysis of data was done by T-test. The most striking result declared that the thyroid gland showed no differences in histological characters between both seasons as the buffalo was poor thermoregulator animal. It is tempting to speculate that the thyroid gland provide an adaptive advantage for survival of the buffalo in the nature arid environment. The parafollicular cells (C-cells) were sparse and found singly in the thyroid glands. Flat dark nuclei of myoepithelial cells were recognized around the thyroid follicles. This study was referred to the presence of accessory thyroid gland which contains simple follicular epithelium, and little amount of the colloid. Our current study revealed the presence of internal and external parathyroids. The oxyphilic cells in the internal parathyroid gland were not observed. Note: this work in part of Master Science Thesis, submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University.

Serum progesterone and estrogen concentrations were investigated during pregnancy and few days after birth. Blood samples were collected twice / month from 24 numbered animals ( 12ewes and 12 does) . serum was isolated and kept under -20C untill hormonal analysis. Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using (ELISA Reader Dona 3200). Progesterone concentrations of pregnant ewes and does were showed steadily increased to reach 24.9+ 2.5 ng/ml and 30.34+ 2.3ng/ml in ewes and does, during 4th month and declined to 0.6 and 2.5 ng/ ml after birth in ewes and does, respectively. Estrogen hormone levels in ewes were increased significantly during pregnancy to maximum 98.7+4.3ng/ml by 5th month and sharply declined to 4.1+0.06 after birth. While in does estrogen level increased significantly and steadily to 1150.6+ 6.23 pg/ml during last month of pregnancy and to 5.9+ 0.4 pg/ml after birth. The present work indicated levels of progesterone hormone increased during 1st and 2nd months in ewes and does, while the significant increased from 3rd month on . Estrogen reach maximum concentrations during last month in doe Which higher about 11 times than that of ewes .It is useful means to diagnosis pregnancy of ewes and does by hormonal methods after mating 20-30 days.

The present study bases on evaluate the immune responses due to experimental infection of (BALB/c) mice by Salmonella hadar . The experiment was carried out on eighty mice of both genders with age range (6 – 8) weeks old, the mice were divided randomly into three groups (group A:- contain 20 mice were administrated orally with infectious dose (1.5×107C.F.Uml) ,group B:- contain 40 mice were administrated orally with LD50dose (1.5×109 C.F.Uml) and groupC:- contain 20 mice which inoculated orally with 1 ml of PBS (pH=7.2) and consider as control group). The study has noticed that the experimentally infected mice are able to induce humoral immune response which represented by producing antibody against Salmonella hadar and this production was elevated after two weeks of administration and reach the peak after four weeks post infection then decline sharply after passage of six weeks post infection in both groups (A and B) but the titration of the antibodies in group B was higher on that recorded in group A. It is obvious that S. hadar is able to induce cellular immune response during experimental infection with infectious dose and LD50 dose and the results of delayed type hypersensitivity have showed increases in the thickness of the right footpads of the mice of both groups (A and B) and the highest mean of the thickness was after 24 hours post immunization. Finally, we concluded that Salmonella hadar in infected the host was able to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and these responses are dose dependent.

Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus) is one of the most important causative agents of enzootic abortion which has been caused a serious economic problem in domesticated and wild ruminants world wide. This study was aimed to diagnose C. abortus infection in aborted goats in Ras Suder Research Station (South Sinai) - Desert Research Center from 2004-2006. Twenty aborted cases from 130 pregnant nannies were recorded and examined serologically using complement fixation test (CFT). Eighty percent (16/20) of the aborted cases were serologically positive and 20% (4/20) randomly collected from apparently healthy pregnant nannies were also had antibodies against C. abortus. Pathological lesions were detected. Ten aborted fetal samples from serologically positive aborted nannies were subjected to diagnosis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showed positive results at 119 bp. According to this result, PCR proved to be feasible, reliable, specific and sensitive diagnostic tool in diagnosis of C. abortus infection.

Twenty five isolates of IBV were isolated from 36 broiler and layer chicken farms collected from 13 governorates during 2 years started from January 2003. All the examined farms were vaccinated using the commercial live IB-H120 vaccine in addition to the IB-inactivated vaccine in the layer farm. The viruses were isolated and identified previously by chicken embryo, CEK cell culture inoculation. Isolates subjected to RT-PCR. Four isolates; three broiler farms and one from layer farm were genotyped using S1 partial gene sequencing. Typing of the four isolates using S1 partial gene sequencing, revealed that the isolated IBV strains showed homology to Asia, Europe, USA and Middle East strains.

In an attempt to evaluate the possible role of Eimeria stiedae infection on rabbit vaccinated with haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant vaccine, a total of 60 New-Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 groups (A- F). The first four groups subdivided into two subgroups. The subgroups (A1, A2) vaccinated and infected at time of 1st dose of vaccine, subgroup (B1, B2) vaccinated and infected at 2 weeks post 1st vaccination, subgroup (C1, C2) which vaccinated and infected at the time of 2nd dose of vaccination, finally subgroup (D1, D2) vaccinated and infected at 2 weeks post 2nd dose of vaccine. Group E vaccinated only but the group F left as non vaccinated non infected (control). The results revealed that E. stiedae infection at the time or after 2 weeks from first or second dose of vaccination (A1, B1, C1 and D1) and treated with semduramycine 150 showed slight decrease of the antibody titer in contrast the untreated group (A2, B2, C2 and D2) showed sudden decrease of P. multocida antibody titer measured by indirect haemagglutination and ELISA test. Vaccinated group (E) was the superior one showing the highest antibody titer. The challenge test of all rabbit groups with virulent P. multocida revealed a protective percent of 83.4%, 50%, 100% and 0 % in treated, untreated, vaccinated and control group respectively, but subgroups C2, D2 the protective value was 33.4% this due to challenge concurrency post or at the time of infection. These findings reflect the important to avoid coccidial infection following vaccination programs to obtain better immune response to haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant pasteurellosis vaccine and high level of protection.