The present study was conducted to study the effect of maize (Zea mays) cob on replacing paddy straw in the Total Mixed Ration (TMR). Twelve cross bred calves of about 5 to 8 months of age with body weight ranging from 41 to 79 kg were divided into two groups of six each in completely randomized design. Five complete diets were prepared (TMR1 to TMR5) using maize cobs at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of paddy straw in the diets containing 12 % CP and 60 % TDN of 50:50 concentrate to roughage ratio. There was significant (P<0.01) differences among the diets in OM, CF, NFE, TA, AIA, NDF, ADF, Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose contents. In vitro rumen fermentation study showed significantly (P<0.01) higher total gas (ml/200 mg/48 h), in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability in maize cob based ration than paddy straw contained ration (51.17 vs 36.00; 62.87 vs 57.25; 64.80 vs 59.93). Paddy straw (100%) based diet as control ration and maize cob (100 % replacement of paddy straw) based diet as treatment ration fed to growing calves for sixty days in growth trial. A seven day digestion trial was conducted in the middle of the experiment. The digestibility (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the maize cob based diet fed group than paddy straw based diet fed group. The average body weight gain (kg) and FCR (kg DMI/ kg gain) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in maize cob fed animals (19.47; 6.10) than paddy straw fed animals (16.02; 7.34). The feed cost per unit of weight gain in calves fed paddy straw based diet was numerically higher (30.78 %) than calves fed on maize cob based ration. It could be concluded that maize cob based ration could replace paddy straw at 100 % level in total mixed ration without affecting feed intake and nutrient digestibility and may also improve the body weight gain and reduce feed cost in growing calves.

The equine species, which includes donkeys, mules, horses, and ponies, have made major contributions to human civilizations all throughout the world. The Indian livestock sector, after an initial decline in period from 2007 - 2012, staged a remarkable comeback during the period from 2012-2019 with an impressive overall growth rate of 4.8%. However, the total population of horses, ponies, mules and donkeys in India is 0.55 million as per the latest livestock census, a decrease by 51.9% over the previous livestock census (2012). The ‘decreasing utility’ due to increasing vehicles and urbanization has been considered as factors for the drastic dip in population. This paper, based on secondary data, aims to provide a concise summary of the current status, growth rate, distribution patterns, and factors leading to the decline in the population of working equines in India. Tabular presentations and graphical representations have been utilized for easy analysis and comparison of population trends across different years.

The calves presented with abdominal affections requiring surgical interventions were randomly divided into group I and group II with seven animals in each group.  All the animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine at 2 µg/kg body weight, pentazocine at 1 mg/kg body weight and midazolam at 0.2 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In group I and group II, anaesthetic induction was carried out with propofol at 2 mg/kg body weight and etomidate at 0.25 mg/kg body weight intravenously, respectively. Both the groups were maintained in Isoflurane anaesthesia with modified oro-endotracheal tube. The cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored during different stages of anaesthesia in both the groups. In both the groups, a significant decrease in heart rate was noticed after premedication and anaesthetic induction. A Significant increase was noticed in systolic blood pressure values after anaesthetic induction and 10th minute of anaesthesia in group I and a highly significant increase was noticed after induction up to 10 minutes in group II.  A highly significant increase in diastolic blood pressure was noticed after induction and 10th minute in group I, whereas significant increase was noticed in mean arterial pressure after induction and 15th minute of anaesthesia in group II animals. The cardiovascular parameters recorded in the present study concluded etomidate produced better cardiovascular stability and minimal respiratory depression compared to propofol throughout the anaesthetic period.

A case of fetal mummification among one of the quadruplet kids was reported in a fourth parity Kanni adu doe.

The present study was aimed to know the chronic hepatitis with abdominal effusion in a beagle dog and its therapeutic management. A 2.5 year old male beagle was presented to Madras Veterinary College teaching Hospital, madras veterinary college, Chennai with the history of inappetence, abdominal distension for past 10 days and the clinical signs of inappetence, fever and palpablelymph node and congested mucous membrane. On Physical examination, dog showed respiratory distress and dull. Dog was subjected for radiography examination, haematology, biochemistry parameters and ultrasound examination. On first day of examination, dog was treated with Lasix at the dose rate of 3 mg/kg body weight, antibiotics and Tribivet injection. Hematology and biochemical values revealed neutrophilia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and decreased total protein and albumin. The lateral view radiography of abdomen revealed fluid shadow and ultrasound examination revealed that chronic hepatitis with moderate abdominal effusion. In case of clinical suspicion of hepatitis an ultrasonographic liver scan can be of diagnostic aid and the finding of an altered structure can be indicative of a liver problem. In many cases of chronic hepatitis may not be associated with ultrasound abnormalities but ascites can be easily identified. Dog was treated with antibiotic cefotaxime at the dose rate of 25 mg/Kg body weight and Lasix at the dose rate of 3 mg/Kg body weight with liver supplement of Lysibin which contain silymarin and supplement with Astymin syrup for 3 weeks. The animal was reviewed after three weeks of treatment which was subjected for haeamtology, biochemistry and ultrasound examination which revealed there was improvement in the blood parameters with decreased total protein and normal level of Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level and ultrasound examination revealed normal study of abdominal effusion and liver echogenicity and dog had normal  appetite and normal  vital parameters. In this case hepatitis may be due to any viral etiology like adenovirus that may cause hepatitis with effusion that may be respond to treatment and diuretics and brought normal parameters of vital in dog. Chronic hepatitis with effusion may be further confirmed by Liver biopsy and molecular diagnosis.

The  breeding  values  of  51  Sahiwal  sires  were estimated from the actual and predicted FL305DMY by applying four sire evaluation methods viz., least squares, simple regressed least squares, best linear unbiased prediction and derivative free restricted maximum likelihood. The derivative free restricted maximum likelihood method had lowest error variance for both actual and predicted first lactation 305-days milk yields and it was considered to be the most efficient method. The BLUP method was second efficient  followed by LSM and SRLS method.

Helminth parasites cause a wide variety of debilitating and frequently fatal diseases in animals. Paramphistomosis caused by the paramphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum constitutes a major group of disease in domestic ruminants. The anthelmintic activity of Syzygium aromaticum on the motility and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the digentic trematode Cotylophoron cotylophorum was studied in vitro. The flukes were exposed to various concentrations of hexane, choloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum and the motility and mortality of the parasite were observed. As ethanol extract was very effective, further studies were carried out with five different sub lethal concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml) of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum (SaEE). The electronic measurement of the motility of the treated parasites clearly indicate the direct impact of the drugs on the motility of the parasite. Maximum inhibition in the motility (86.27%) and AChE activity (86.86%) was observed in 0.5 mg/ml after 8h of exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme which is involved in neurotransmission. It is present in the cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system as well as in neuromuscular synapses where it rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine. Inhibition of AChE in the parasite results in muscular paralysis and the parasite lose its biochemical hold fast and get expelled from the host.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on Japanese quail broilers. This trial was conducted in 525 Japanese quail birds from day- old to five weeks of age. Experimental birds were randomly divided into seven groups viz.T1Control:  Basal diet (standard Japanese quail ration), T2 Basal diet with vitamin E 150mg/kg, T3 Basal diet with vitamin E 300 mg/kg, T4 Basal diet with selenium 0.3mg/kg, T5 Basal diet with selenium 0.6mg/kg,T6 Basal diet with combination of vitamin E 150mg/kg and selenium 0.3mg/kg, T7 Basal diet with combination of vitamin E 300mg/kg and selenium 0.6mg/kg. Dietary supplementation with the combination of vitamin E 300mg/kg and selenium 0.6mg/kg resulted in significantly higher body weight, better feed efficiency, livability percentage and also enrichment of alpha-tocopherol and selenium level of liver, thigh and breast muscles in the Japanese quail broilers.

An experiment was conducted on 18 un-castrated crossbred (Beetal x Assam local) kids of 3-4 months of age to study the effect of shed roof colour and bedding materials on growth performance during winter season. Three groups of six kids in each were housed in three sheds: T1 (shed roof painted with black colour on top and white colour inside and paddy straw bedding material mixed with hydrated lime, T2 (shed roof painted with black colour on top only and paddy straw without any treatment and T3 (shed roof without any colour and bedding material). The shed T1 and T2 were covered with hessian clothes except the ventilators. The roof shed painted with black colour on top and white colour inside along with hydrated lime mixed bedding material (T1) might have provided better and comfortable micro environment both in terms of optimum temperature and hygienic condition that resulted in significantly (P<0.010) higher body weight in kids (9.59 ± 0.20 kg) than T2 (9.15 ± 0.17 kg) and T3 (8.96 ± 0.0.33kg) respectively. 

Laminitis is inflammation of sensitive laminae of the foot in horses and donkey. The front hooves are most commonly affected than hind feet. Laminitis can be mechanical or systematic, acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral or sometimes all four feet were affectedDonkeys appear to be particularly susceptible to laminitis may be due to live in the desert and dry area so their ‘good bacteria’ are even more sensitive to carbohydrate overload than those of ponies and horses there certainly is no lush grass in the desert and dry area. A two year old male donkey walking very tenderly and repeated raising of left hind leg. The affected hind leg foot was cleaned with 1% Kmno4 solution for avoiding secondary bacterial infection Inj. Meloxicam 35mg I/M, in, inj. Strepto penicillin 500mg I/M were given. The affected left hind leg was exposed to infra red light for 5 minutes and hot fomentation was given with hot salt and hot rice bran mixture. Iodine ointment was applied over the swollen coronary band area of left foot.