A study was conducted to evaluate external and internal egg quality characters of three chicken breeds/ ecotypes namely, indigenous Siruvidai, TANUVAS Aseel and White Leghorn.  A total of 180 eggs (120 eggs from Siruvidai chicken, 30 eggs from TANUVAS Aseel and 30 eggs from White Leghorn) were subjected to this study. The weight, length, width and surface area of White Leghorn eggs were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of TANUVAS Aseel and indigenous Siruvidai chicken. Shape index was found to be significantly (P<0.05 higher in Siruvidai chicken eggs compared to that of TANUVAS Aseel and White Leghorn. Among the internal egg qualities, the height and width of albumen and albumen index were significantly (P<0.05) higher in White Leghorn chicken eggs compared to that of TANUVAS Aseel and Siruvidai chicken. Yolk height and yolk index of three breeds showed no significant difference among breeds. Yolk width was significantly (P<0.05) higher in TANUVAS Aseel compared to that of Siruvidai chicken. Yolk colour was significantly (P<0.05) higher in TANUVAS Aseel and Siruvidai chicken compared to that of White Leghorn. Shell thickness was significantly (P<0.05) higher in TANUVAS Aseel and White Leghorn as compared to Siruvidai chicken. Haugh unit was significantly (P<0.05) higher in White Leghorn compared to TANUVAS Aseel and Siruvidai chicken. The results revealed that the egg quality characters like egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, surface area, albumen height, albumen index, shell thickness and Haugh unit of indigenous Siruvidai chicken is different from other indigenous breed like Aseel and exotic breed like White Leghorn.

Incubation centers are providing office spaces, access to advanced laboratory setups, farm facilities, clinical spaces, and comprehensive mentorship encompassing technical, legal, and financial guidance to the incubatees. The activities of VIF @ TANUVAS regarding areas of interest of 62 incubatees, products and productization, grants, ideas, and awareness programs were analysed for the period from 2019 to 2023. Among the area of interest of the incubatees, most of the incubatees (85 %) are working in the domain of Veterinary while 15% of the incubatees are working in the area of life sciences. Among the Veterinary related ideas, the majority of incubatees are interested in doing research in the development of diagnostic kits 26.41%, followed by Feed and Feed supplements (24.52%) whereas life sciences-related ideas are majorly chosen for drug discovery. Out of 62 ideas, 23 products were developed with a percentage of 37.1. Out of these 13 incubatees, 5 received grants (38.46%) from the Government of India (Central funds), while the remaining 8 (61.54%) received funding from the Government of Tamil Nadu (State funds). The highest number (52.81%) of ideas obtained during the year 2023 followed by 27.3% during 2021, 10.45% during 2020, and 9.41% during 2022 with more ideas from Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. This study concludes that The outcome of the product is directly proportionate to their ideas. 

The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of two oestrus induction protocols on 30 postpartum anoestrus crossbred cows reared by rural farmers of Puducherry region. The cows were randomly divided into Treatment I (CIDR+PGF2α+GnRH; n=15) and Treatment group II (Ovsynch+ CIDR; n=15) with double fixed timed inseminations at 12 and 24 hours post-administration of last GnRH. Oestrus induction response was 100% in both the treatment groups with majority of the cows (80%) in both the treatment groups showed intermediate intensity of oestrus. The mean time to onset of oestrus from the time of removal of CIDR in Treatment I and Treatment II was 43.45 ± 9.21 and 45.81 ± 6.34 h respectively. There is no significant difference in the serum progesterone concentration at the time of AI between Treatment I (0.92±0.26 ng/mL) and Treatment II (0.92±0.18 ng/mL). Though the conception rate was higher in treatment II (40 %) compared to Treatment I (20 %), the difference is not statistically significant. From the present study, it was concluded that Ovsynch in combination with CIDR found to be effective in oestrus induction and conception following fixed timed AI in anoestrus cows under field conditions. 

A two year-old queen cat with unknown mating history revealed absence of clear indication of positive pregnancy but single fluid filled anechoic structure noticed on ultrasonography. Spaying was performed and clear watery sterile fluid in the uterus confirmed it as a case of hydrometra.

Gross anatomy of sternum in white-breasted waterhen was studied. Bone samples (sternum) were collected from three carcasses of white-breasted waterhen died were brought for postmortem examination to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. The sternum was quadrilateral in shape. The longitudinal groove on the body of the sternum extended proximally and disappeared distally. The antero-lateral process was large, three-sided polygon shaped. Postero-lateral process was clamp-like at its posterior end. Postero-lateral process extended beyond the level of body of the sternum. Foramen ovale wasnoticed in the form of a W- shaped oval notch between the body of the sternum and the postero-lateral process. The anterior border of body of the sternum was noticed with two medial pneumatic notches. 

One year old male Labrador Retriever dog, was presented with the history of inability to retract the penis back into preputial sheath since 24 hours after a mounting attempt. Massage therapy, application of magnesium sulfate and ice pack failed to reduce penile oedema. Topical application of oxytocin around bulbus gland is successfully reduced oedema, thereby aided in easy repositioning. Purse-string sutures were applied around the tip of the preputial sheath and post reduction therapy followed. Animal had an uneventful recovery. 

In India there is no present government policy to survey and evaluate adverse drug events (ADEs) / Pharmacovigilance programme in veterinary medicine. Therefore, essential information such as frequency, severity of treated animal ADRs and reliable data about frequent ADR-producing drugs remains unknown. The objective of the study is to assess and communicate risks and benefits in the market. Ultimately to educate the veterinarians and the stake holders on the safety and efficacy of veterinary drugs and biologicals. To this purpose, a 12 month pilot study based on WHO recommendations was conducted to monitor ADRs in the livestock treated by field veterinarian in the state of Tamil Nadu in India for frequently used drugs and common labeled signs. The present study warrants for the need for sustained veterinary pharmacovigilance programmers in livestock for timely ADR presenting drug reactions and drug safety improvement. 

A biochemical study was conducted in Japanese quail to find out the efficiency of supplementation of diet with Selenium, Vitamin E, Ocimum Sanctum and their combinations on the blood antioxidant status. Day old Japanese quail chicks belonging to the same hatch were purchased and maintained in the Institute of Poultry Production and Management, Nandanam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Chicks were weighed and randomly distributed into 8 dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 7 chicks each (168 chicks). The control chicks were fed, only with basal diet (T1) and the other treatments had, 0.2mg of selenium per kg diet (T2), 40mg of vitamin E per kg diet (T3),1g of Ocimum sanctum per kg diet (T4), Selenium 0.2mg and vitamin E 40 mg per kg diet (T5), Vitamin E 40 mg  and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T6), Selenium 0.2 mg and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T7), Selenium 0.2mg , vitamin E 40 mg and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T8). Isocaloric and Isonitrogenous feed and water were given ad libitum. Blood  was drawn at the end of 4th, 8th and 12th week of age and the following  antioxidant analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Reduced glutathione (Eyer 1986), Catalase  (Sinha 1974), Glutathione peroxidase ( Rotruck 1973), MDA lipid peroxidation  (Yagi 1998). The results of the antioxidant analysis showed a highly significant (p<0.01) increase in all supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The MDA levels showed a highly significant (p<0.01) decrease in supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The dietary supplementation of Selenium, Vitamin E and Ocimum sanctum has improved the blood antioxidant status. The combination of all the three supplements produced higher improvement than given alone. 

A survey was undertaken to screen and evaluate the presence of organochlorine pesticide residue in poultry products. Both commercial and desi chicken eggs and meat samples were collected from Namakkal area of Tamil Nadu and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Total Endosulfan in commercial chicken egg and in broiler thigh and breast muscle exceeded the MRL of Codex alimentarius. The occurrence was 50 percent with regards to broiler meat and 33.33 percent with regards to commercial egg. Desi chicken adipose tissue had a high incidence of endosulfan residue (58.33 per cent) with the levels of 28.57 ± 2.85 ppb. But the detected mean values were below the permissible MRL. DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was detected in broiler thigh and breast meat. The values obtained were below the MRL of Codex alimentarius and EU standards. BHC (Benzene hexa chloride) was detected in broiler liver, thigh and breast meat while the per cent incidence was higher in liver (33.33). The detected mean values were below the maximum permissible level of Codex alimentarius and EU standards. Both desi and broiler egg and meat analyzed were negative for aldrin, dieldrin and endrin residues which indicate that there may be these pesticides are not used in the geographical area from where samples were obtained. The findings of this study indicates that the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues, though at low level of incidence, still continues to be a threat for poultry products, hence it is essential to have a constant screening and monitoring of these compounds in feedstuff and feed at feed mills and mixing plants so as to prevent contamination in the eggs and meat.

Antimicrobials used in poultry production have the potential to bioaccumulate in poultry feathers but available data are scarce. Although feathers were processed and introduced as a protein source in animal feed, withdrawal periods were not established. Hence, an experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the residuol profile of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in featherof broiler chicken. Thirty six one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into control (6 nos) and treatment group (30 nos). Treatment group was administered with enrofloxacin at recommended therapeutic dose 10 mg Kg , through drinking water for five consecutive days from 43rd  to 47th -1 day of age, whereas control group received non-medicated water. Six birds from treatment group were sacrificed ethically and feather samples were collected at different time points during the withdrawal period at 48 hours interval on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 post treatment. Control birds were sacrificed on day 9 post treatment. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in feather were analysed by a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fluorescent Densitometry method. The present study revealed that enrofloxacin persisted in feather throughout the study period, where as its metabolite ciprofloxacincould be detected until 7th day post treatment and on 9th day post treatment it was below detection limit. The interesting finding is the high level of enrofloxacin achieved in feathers during the withdrawal period. Drug withdrawal times, based on the concentrations of antimicrobial residues in edible chicken meat, were not adequate to reduce antimicrobial residues in chicken feathers. As the feathers are used as a protein source to supplement feed for different food animal species (bovines, pigs, Salmons, trouts) they must be considered potential reservoirs of chemical residues that can reach man through the food chain; hence, the present study warrantsestablishment of withdrawal period for feather similar to that of edible tissues.