Diaphragmatic hernias, whether congenital or acquired (traumatic), are rarely observed in the horse. Acquired diaphragmatic hernias typically occur secondary to trauma or an increase in intra-abdominal pressure due to falling, heavy exercise, or parturition. Diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy is difficult to perform in adult horses and the horses with symptomatic diaphragmatic hernias usually die. A 10-year old, 340 kg, Jeju horse (crossbred) broodmare with sudden onset of gait disorder and a moderate emaciation was examined. Findings on physical examination included conjunctivitis, dehydration, shallow breathing, dyspnea, weaken heart beat, lack of auscultatable sounds from the gastrointestinal tract, and anorexia. Rectal temperature was 38.4℃ and respiratory rates were moderately increased. There were slight signs of acute colic. The broodmare died one day after non-specific treatment of fluids, nutriment, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The cause of death was strangulation of the small intestine through a diaphragmatic hernia. The rent was about 2 cm in diameter and located in the central right part of diaphragm. Around 60 cm of small intestine was protruded into thoracic cavity through the rent. The cause of the hernia could not be ascertained. The broodmare had been pastured with many other horses, and the groom had not noticed any aggressive behavior among them. It was, however, speculated that trauma by stallion's attack may have been the cause of the diaphragmatic hernia, because the new horse may be the object of behaviors ranging from mild threats to seriously aggressive kicking, squealing, rearing, and biting.

One hundred (urine & blood ) samples were collected from Al-Fayhaahospital patients with UTI from July 2006 to July 2007. Eighty one patients weresuffered from diabetic, the levels of blood sugar were ( 100 - 350 mg / dl. ) for fastingpatients and( 200- 500 mg / dL. ) for random test . Nineteen patients were notdiabetic. General Urine Examination ( GUE ) and urine culture were done forsamples, eighty-three samples were positive to bacterial culture. The bacteria wereidentified by biochemical tests ( catalase, oxidase, IMVIC tests, H2S production,urease, coagulase und growth in 6.5 % NaCl) after Gram stain and motility test. Theresults showed that (37) isolates were E. coli, (20) Staphylococcus aureus, (16 ) forKlebsiella pneumonia, (7)for Proteus Sp., (5) Staphylococcus epidermidis,(5)Pseudomonas aureoginosa and Enterococcus faecalis (3). GUE showed that 94patients have pus cells , crystal, uric acid and amorphous crystal that provide UTI. Inconclusion the study showed that the patients with a history of chronic diabetes (2-25)years developed UTI.INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of immunization with whole sonicate Brucella abortus antigen on the mice infected with Candida albicans, for that, Twenty one white mice ,both sexes, average weight 20-24g, were divided randomly into (3) equal groups. First group immunized with (0.5)ml of sonicated brucella antigen, two doses, 10 days interval, skin test was done 27 days post-vaccination, 2nd group and 3rd groups served as positive and negative control group respectively. (30) days post-vaccination, 1st and 2nd groups were challenged with (0.5)ml of inoculums (1X10yeast/ml), C. albicans I/P. 3rd group was injected with (0.5)ml of sterile normal saline I/p. The results showed that the immunized animals revealed cellular immune response, negative fungal isolates and minor pathological changes in compared with positive control. Positive control animals show severs fungal isolates from internal organs with sever pathological changes characterized mainly by polymorphonuclear cells infiltration and multiple foci of granulomatous lesion.

In this study, the experiment was designed to investigate the effect of daily oral administration of (0.5gm/kg. B.W) of chicory (Chicorium intybus) for one month on weight and histology of kidney and liver of hypercholesterolemic rabbits (induced by oral administration of 0.5 gm/kg of cholesterol dissolved in 3ml Soya bean oil) and compared this effect with medicial therapy used for atherosclerosis treatment . The results revealed a significant increase (P

An attempt was made to have a better understanding of wound healing in skin of adult rabbits. Stages of healing showed in during microscopic changes in epidermal and dermal regions. The ratio of changes was rapid up during 48 hours. The epithelium invaded actively underlying connective tissue. There was a closely packed mass of cells immediately subjacent to the epithelium, also there was an appearance of collagen fibers laying between the cells. Close contact between dermal and epidermal cells was happened at the time when epithelial invasion and basement membrane was reformed close to the epithelium.

This study conducted to evaluated 150 sheep urine sample [91 female (59) male] for the physical characteristic (color, odor, and specific gravity), chemical characteristic (ketone bodies and glucose) and for the presence of bacterial isolates. Most urine samples have amber color and ammonia odor especially the samples which show positive results in bacterial isolate, while presence of ketone bodies was indicated by the appearance of fruity odor. This study showed that 48 (32%) of urine samples are ketone positive [34 (37.36%) females and 14 (23.72%) males], and 42 (28%) of samples are glucose positive[26 (28.57%) females and 16 (27.11%) males]. Where as the bacteriological examination of urine revealed that 38 (32%) of female urine samples show positive results in bacterial isolation including 15 (16.48%) Escherichia coli, 11 (12.08%) Staphylococcus aureas, 6 (6.59%) streptococcus spp., 4 (4.39%) Proteus spp. and 2 (2.19%) Klebsilla spp. . While the results of bacterial examination of male urine samples revealed that 20 (33.89%) show positive bacterial isolation including 8 (13.55%) E. coli, 6 (10.16%) Staph. aureus, 3 (5.08%) Sterpt. Spp. and 3(5.08%) Proteus spp.

Oral carbohydrate administration tests were used to gain more insight into the ability of common carp Cyprinus Carpio to digest different sources of carbohydrates. Four carbohyd- rates were administered orally after the common carp were fasted for 24h. Blood was sampled from fish at selected time intervals from 1 to 4h. Higher blood glucose level(p

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cyperus longous (Rhizomes) on killing the (larval stage) protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro compared with the two drugs Tinidazole and Praziquantel using the concentrations (5 , 10 , 15 , 20) % of the plant extracts and (1.25 , 1.8 , 2.5) % for Tinidazole and (0.1 , 0.15 , 0.2) % for Praziquantel respectively. The study shows that the aqueous extract at 20% have showen highest protoscolicidal activity. All the protoscolices were killed in the first day after treatment. While the concentration 5% shows the lowest activity in killing the protoscolices which was in the 6th day , while the time of killing protoscolices was in the 3rd day and 2nd day at the concentration (10 , 15)% respectively. There is no significant differences between aqueous and alcoholic extract of Cyperus longous P< 0.01 , so aqueous extract used in our study because of its lower price and its safety. Tinidazole and Praziquantel have showen the great activity on killing the protoscolices in the ½ an hour and an hour at (2.5 , 0.2) % respectively. The preservative solution ( Hankُ s solution). Keep the protoscolices viable 59% to 21 days.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the pathological changes of the acute toxicity of Malathion as organophosphorus insecticide in wild pigeons (Rock dove). Liver enzyme Alanine Transaminase (ALT) in the serum of treated pigeons was measured. The maximum tolerated dose of malathion was 3.525mg / kg B.W. However, when the maximum tolerated dose of the malathion was given to group A, two out of eight pigeons died within two hours after treatment .The insecticide caused clinical signs appeared within two hours before death, they included salivation, lacrimation , gasping, frequent defecation, drooping of wings, tremors, convulsion and recumbancy. Also the histopathological changes of the acute toxicity of present study included vacculation of nerve fibers in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve, meningitis associated with lymphocytic infiltration in the brain, myocardial fibrosis, aggregation of lymphocytes and hepatic septal fibrosis. Cortical fibrosis with inflammatory cells, regenerating renal cortical tubules and dilated cortical tubules were also seen. Compared to control values the exposure to insecticide caused increase of the ALT level in the serum for treated pigeons, and this increment was significant. In conclusion Malathion insecticide administered orally at maximum tolerated dose induced clinical signs of poisoning, pathological changes in different organs of pigeons and increased the ALT value.

To questing the severity and courses of experimental infection with Trichophyton mentogrophytes var mentogrophytes in four groups of eight rabbits, prepared HIS against the fungus was used in different routs and doses in two groups (second and third group). 0.2ml subcutaneously in 2nd group and0.1 ml interadermally in 3rd group. The shorter course of the infection was recorded in 1st group previously infected and left with out treatment with HIS, while complete healing was recoded after 5 weeks and 8 weeks in 2nd and 3rd group respectively in compared to 4th group ( control group) after 10 weeks.