Salmonella spp. is an important pathogen to both public and swine industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of Salmonella serovar and antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates from Korean swine producing systems. A total of 63 (5.28%) Salmonella spp. was isolated from 1,194 samples (977 fecal materials and 67 organ samples). The predominant Salmonella (S.) enterica serotype and serovar was group B (69.8%) and S. Typhimurium (47.6%), S. Derby (20.6%) and S. Heidelberg (1.6%). But S. Cholerasuis which is characterized host specific by septicemia and enteritis to pigs was not isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates varies as follows: Norfloxacine (75%), Ciprofloxacin (67.5%), Amikacin (60%), Colistin (60%), Enrofloxacin (55%). All of isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Penicillin, Tetracycline and Lincomycin. The results of this study provided useful information regarding antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance patterns to treat salmonellosis and to prevent emergence of multidrug resistance Salmonella.

Swine diseases could be caused by unrecognized or minor pathogens. In this study, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were isolated from swine, through cell culture. In order to identify these two cytopathogenic agent (designated CP129 and No.2045-7), a particle associated nucleic acids PCR (PAN-PCR) from previous paper was used with simple modification. The cloning procedure was more specified in this study by adding cell control system. According to the modified PAN-PCR, two and four agents-specific DNA sequences were obtained from CP129 and No.2045-7, respectively, and they were identified as Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Mammalian orthoreovirus by nucleotide BLAST. Since M. hyorhinis (CP129) was filterable and non-visible by microscope, this unusual virus-like nature of M. hyorhinis (CP129) was discussed. Especially, the reovirus (No.2045-7) was a serotype 3 and a triple reassortant among three serotypes of reoviruses. It was grouped with recently reported reoviruses from disease cases (swine, human and feline), based on the genetic analysis of L1 and S1 partial sequences. In conclusion, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were successfully identified using modified PAN-PCR with cell control system and they were characterized in this study.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which was first identified in western Canada in 1991 and more recently in the United States, Europe and Asia, is an emerging disease in pigs. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the primary infectious viral agent causing PMWS, but the full expression of the disease may require the presence of other agents. It is reported that there is apparent synergism between PCV-2 and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in increasing the severity of the clinical signs and lesions of PMWS. From January 2006 to May 2008, a total of the 154 lymph node samples were collected from 4~12 weeks old pigs which had been submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Korea. These pigs were diagnosed as PMWS on the basis of clinical and pathological examination from 48 commercial herds in Jeju Island. Based on the immunohistochemistry, porcine parvovirus was detected in 69 cases (44.8%) from 154 weaned or grower pigs. PPV antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of histiocytic cells multifocally infiltrated in the cortex and paracortex of lymph nodes. The results of this study clarify that PPV is prevalent in pigs with PMWS on Jeju Island. Therefore PPV is one of the most important co-agents in the development of naturally acquired PMWS. This study may be helpful to the control of this disease and to epidemiological aspects.

Four strains of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were isolated from 4 flocks of broiler or layer chickens affected by hydropericardium syndrome in Korea. These FAdVs were classified as serotype 4 by restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of hexon genes and whole genomes. The virus exhibited cytopathic effects consisting of rounding, ballooning and clustering in primary chicken embryo liver cell cultures. In transmission electron microscopy, virus particles in hexagonal shape aggregated exclusively in the nuclei of hepatocytes of the chickens as the typical appearances in adenovirus infections. Buoyant density of the virus in cesium chloride (CsCl) was 1.34 g/mL. The virus was stable to chloroform, ether, 50~70% ethanol, acidic condition at pH 3, 0.25% trypsin (1 : 250), heat at 50℃ for 30 min, but labile to 100% ethanol, heat at 52~60℃ for 30 min, 1 M MgCl₂ at 50℃ for 1 h, 1 : 2,000 formalin (37%). All of the physicochemical properties pertained to the characteristics of adenoviruses. Eight viral polypeptides were determined in CsCl-purified virus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Amikacin is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin and primarily active against aerobic Gram-negative-pathogens with limited activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Meager study was reported on pharmacokinetic data on multi-days administration of amikacin. Hence, pharmacokinetics study was done in five clinically healthy goats (n = 5), after intravenous bolus injection of amikacin sulfate at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight daily for three consecutive days. The amikacin concentrations in plasma and pharmacokinetics-parameters were analyzed by using microbiological assay technique and non-compartmental open-model, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentrations (Mean ± SD) of amikacin at time zero (Cp∨0) was 114.19 ± 20.78 and 128.67 ± 14.37 ㎍/mL, on day 1st and 3rd, respectively. The mean elimination half-life (t∧1/2ke) was 1.00 ± 0.28 h on day 1st and 1.22 ± 0.29 h on day 3rd. Mean of area under concentration-time curve (AUC∧0→∞) was 158.26 ± 60.10 and 159.70 ± 22.74 ㎍.h/mL, on day 1st and 3rd respectively. The total body clearance (Cl∧B) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) on day 1st and 3rd were Cl∧B = 0.07 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01 L/h.kg and Vdss = 0.10 ± 0.03 and 0.11 ± 0.05 L/kg, respectively. No-significant difference was noted in both drug-plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics-parameters, respectively. Amikacin concentration in plasma was found higher up-to 4 h and 6 h onward on down-ward trends favour to reduce toxicity. Which also support the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic way of dosing of aminoglycosides and hence, amikacin may be administered 10 mg/kg intravenously daily to treat principally Gram-negative pathogens and limitedly Gram-positive-pathogens.

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

A 12-year-old spayed female Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with two-weeks history of lethargy, mental dullness and polydipsia. Neurologic examination revealed proprioceptive defect of all limbs and loss of swallowing gag reflex. The dog revealed persistent dehydration, hypernatremia, hyperosmolarity and hyposthenuria. On magnetic resornance imaging (MRI), the mass were heterogeneous signality on T1 weighted images, hyperintense signality on T2 weighted image with contrast enhancement on hypothalamohypophyseal lesion. Based on these findings, the dog was suspected as having pituitary gland tumor. Through water deprivation test and response to desmopressin acetate (1-deamino-8-Darginine, DDAVP), this case was diagnosed by central diabetes insipidus (CDI). This paper reports the clinical sign, MRI, response to the exogenous antidiuretic hormone of CDI due to suspected pituitary tumor in a dog and DDAVP administration was evaluated effective therapy to correct hypernatremia induced by CDI.

peer reviewed

Prevalence and management of ovulatory disturbances was recorded from 454 repeat breeding crossbred Jersey cattle of Kashmir valley during a 7 years period (2004-05 to 2010-11). Prevalence of anovulation and delayed ovulation was recorded 16.30 and 12.78% with an overall prevalence of 29.07% ovulatory disturbances. Anovulatory animals treated with RCG (Chorulon @ 1500 to 3000 IV i.v. per animal depending on body weight) showed conception rate (CR) of 86.36%; while those treated with Buserelin (Receptal @ 5ml Lv. per animal) as 100.00%, although this difference was statistically non-significant. Animals suffering from delayed ovulation inseminated twice, thrice or 4th times depending on the persistence of estrus signs showed overall CR of 87.93%.

The serum biochemical profile of Japanese Quails which were supplanted with zinc in the diet was studied. The concentration of serum glucose, total protein, uric acid, AST, chloride and phosphorus changes when the birds were fed with zinc supplemented diet while the concentration of cholesterol, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and magnesium remains unchanged. The levels of serum glucose, AST and phosphorus increases with the increase of zinc in the diet while the level of uric acid and chloride decreased. Total protein level increased initially on zinc supplementation but further increase in the amount of zinc resulted in decrease level of total protein.