The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics / College of Agriculture / University of Basra , from 1/5/2013 to 18/12/2013. The aim was to study the possibility of fertilization of Oocytes in vitro by sperm withdrawn from the epididymis . Reproductive tracts were brought from Basra slaughter house with a total of 410 samples. Withdrawing the sperm from the epididymis and oocytes from small follicles (less than 4 mm) and from large (more than or equal to 4 mm) .Rams aged (1.2 -2) years showed significant superiority (P

The present study revealed the prevalence and pathology of sheep brain(male and female). One handred brain samples were obtained randomly from Mosul animal slaughter house and butcher shops since October 2012 to August 2013 from animals with and without nervous signs. The main gross lesions were edema which accounted 53% of the cases, congestion 51% , hemorrhage 20% and 3% cyst of coenurous cerebralis. The major lesions were observed by histopathological examination of three different areas of the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata)in each case. Lesions include vascular change, neuronal degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory change, gliosis, neuronophagia, amyloid deposition. Three cases revealed the presence of the coenurous cerebralis and two cases were abscesses and one case showed the presence of Sarcocystis SPP.

The present study included determinationof fetal sex prenatal by analyzing free fetal DNA cells in maternal plasma by using dupplex PCR . At the first amplifying the DNA which extracted from male and non-pregnant female goat plasma which used as control to confirm the accuracy of this technique. After thatblood were collected from 5 pregnant females goat prepared the plasma and extract the DNA by using heat-based direct method for plasma and then investigate the sequences GAPDH and DYS14 through the use of dupplex polymerase chain reaction technique and the results were 2 (40%) males show a double bands one at 97 bp representing GAPDH and the second at 198 bp representing DYS14 and 3 (60%) females show a single band at 97 bp representing GAPDH. This technique of sexing is applied for the first time on animals especially in Iraq.

Fift y nine samples of feces were collected from broiler flocks farms located in Hama and Aleppo provinces of Syria, which suffered from diarrhea or respiratory problem or both. For the first time, this study confirmed the infection of the broiler flocks with Cryptosporidium in Syria with a rate of 8.4%. The infection has been demonstrated by detecting the Cryptosporidium oocysts in the fecal by using direct smear method and Formol-Ether concentration method, then stained by Kinyoun acid fast stain. The result of tests based on morphology and size of Cryptosporidium oocysts showed that the parasite is probably C. baileyi which ranged between (6 µm X 4 µm).

Morphologically,the testes of adult duck was suspended by mesorchium with the roof of the the abdominal cavity. The testes appear as elongated bean shaped and situated asymmetrically. The mean average of the testis was 1,48 cm in length, 0.47cm in width, and 1.54gm in weight. Histologically, each testis was covered by a connective tissue capsule.The stroma of the testis posses no mediastinum. Leydic cells were commonly found in groups within the connective tissue which filled the spaces between the seminiferous tubules. Germ cells and Sertoli cells constituent the main component of the seminiferous epithelium. There were type A-spermatogonia, type I-spermatogonia, and type B-spermatogonia. Type B-spermatogonia passes through proleptoten, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakineses. The primary spermatocytes give rise to secondary spermatocytes. These latter cells enter the second meiotic division to form the spermatids which undergo through thirteenth stages to form the sperms.

Food safety issues and potential health risks in avian tissues are one of the most serious environmental concerns, this paper carries out probabilistic risk analysis methods to quantify trace elements bioaccumulation in chicken liver, gizzard, and lung content to assess the range of exposures for the people who consume the contaminated chicken. The concentrations of Al (aluminum), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper), Co (cobalt), and Zn (zinc) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using the stock standard solution of heavy metals and blank sample. Results show the contents of elements in bird tissues samples were in the range of (18.68-62.24, 1.6-18.6, 0.12-0.61, 2.12-24.95, 35.10-93.85 µg/g for Al, Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn respectively. A risk assessment on human health beings due to consumption of chicken was performed using toxic reference benchmark, namely the reference dose (RfD). The hazard index (HI), sum of the hazard quotients calculated for all pollutants have shown that the risks of fowls consumption were generally low and are within safe limits.

The present study has been out to examine macroscopic structure of the primary bronchi and lung in Bee-eaters bird ( Merops orientalis) observed exist within the rib cage, the distal part of the trachea are divided into two primary bronchi (left and right) and the macroscopic appearance of the primary bronchi consists of a short tube extend caudally from syrinx to enter the proximal third of the visceral surface of the lungs through the hilus. The basic unit consisting of the primary bronchi are cartilaginous rings which takes - C - shape. The mean total length of left and right primary bronchi are (1.025 ± 0.15 cm) and (1.075 ± 0.14 cm); and the number of cartilaginous rings in left and right primary bronchi are ( 18.5 ± 0.50) and (18.5 ± 1.50). The lungs are small, pyramidal-shaped, unlobed, bright pink color, and surrounded by thin colorless membrane the pleura and the air sacs. The lung contains two surfaces (dorsal and ventral), two borders ( medial and lateral) and two extremities ( proximal and distal ). The mean total length, width and thickness of the right lung are (1.77 ± 0.17 cm), (0.95 ± 0.15 cm) and (0.4 ± 0.10 cm) while the mean total length, width and thickness of the left lung are (1.6 ± 0.15 cm ), ( 0.9 ± 0.14 cm ) and (0.37 ± 0.02 cm ).

In order to determine the genotoxic effects of diazinon and the role of chitosan to neutralize these effects, our study performed in (24) male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into four groups and treated for (60) days as following, group (A) treated with normal saline and served as control, group (B) treated with [(1/10LD50) 3.8mg/kg. bw] of diazinon, group (C) treated with [(1/10LD50) 3.8mg/kg. bw] of diazinon and fed on diet supplement containing (1gram/1kg ration) chitosan, group (D) fed on diet supplement containing (1gram/1kg ration) chitosan only. The genotoxic effect of diazinon was evaluated by using the micronucleus assay showed increasing of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were (11.6%) in group B, while (7%) in group C . The chromosomal aberration showed increase of presence of chromosomal aberration in group B was (7.5±1.04), while in the group C showed mild elevation in (3.25±0.8). The polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes showed highly incidence of both genes polymorphism in group B was (66.6%) while group C was (50%) . we concluded that diazinon is genotoxic pesticide and chitosan ameliorate it effects.

Advocacy for neglected zoonotic diseases (ADVANZ) is a One Health Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs) project, funded by the European Commission through its 7th framework programme. The initiative aims at persuading decision makers and empowering stakeholders at local, regional, and international levels towards a coordinated fight against NZDs. ADVANZ is establishing an African platform to share experiences in the prevention and control of NZDs. The platform will compile and package existing knowledge or data on NZDs and generate evidence-based algorithms for improving surveillance and control with the ultimate aim of eliminating and eradicating these diseases. The platform will serve as a forum for African and international stakeholders, as well as existing One Health and NZD networks and harness and consolidate their efforts in the control and prevention of NZDs. The platform had its first meeting in Johannesburg, South Africa in March 2013.