Objective: This study assessed personality traits in five cattle breeds (Bos taurus), two cosmopolitan (Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss) and three endangered Italian autochthonous (Varzese, Rendena, and Modenese). Our aim was to provide an evaluation of the personality dimensions obtained by our questionnaire in order to compare some Italian autochthonous breeds with the cosmopolitan one. Our choice fell upon the comparison of the Varzese, the Modenese, the Rendena, the Brown Swiss, and the Holstein Friesian because the genetic selection at the base of the typical attitudes has induced different characteristics, and as a consequence, detectable differences in personality can be expected between the populations.Materials and methods: A personality questionnaire was completed by milkers/owners for each subject involved in this study. The milking staff involved in the study have been working with cows for over 20 years; they have experience with numerous breeds, and therefore, can be considered expert evaluators since they certainly have an appreciation of the full range of cow behavior. Results: The milkers assessments analysis found breed differences in dairy cattle, showing that certain personality traits are more marked in certain breeds in terms of curiosity, friendliness to milkers, and responses to unknown people.Conclusion: This pilot survey shows the usefulness of questionnaires in cattle personality studies, highlighting some peculiarity of the endangered breeds. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 315-323]

Objective: The main objective of this study was to study the effect of stocking density in two genetic groups of rabbits (purebred Californian (CAL × CAL) and Californian × Rex (CAL × RX) crossbred rabbits) on growth performance, some blood hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters and carcass traits.Materials and methods: A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (two genetic groups; 60 of each CAL × CAL and CAL × RX and three stocking densities; 8, 12 and 20 rabbits/m2; the number of rabbits under each stocking density was 24, 36 and 60; respectively) and 6 replicates. Results: The effects of genetic group × stocking density interactions were significant (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 265-274]

Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh.Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%).Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 140-145]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, geographical distribution, and main risk factors for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Republic of Chad.Materials and methods: A total of 3,546 sera collected from unvaccinated small ruminants including 1,699 goats and 1,847 sheep in 19 of the 23 regions in Chad were randomly sampled. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technics were used for serological analysis.Results: The overall seroprevalence at the individual level was 52.9%±1.6% (48.9% for goats and 56.2% for sheep). Seroprevalence observed in the Chari Baguirmi, Ouaddaï, and NDjamena regions was significantly higher than those in the other regions. Transhumant herds are the most exposed than the sedentary ones. Older animals were more affected than the young ones. Kababich sheep are the most affected than other breeds.Conclusion: This study has shown that the PPR virus is circulating in the Republic of Chad. In view of the results obtained, the disease is enzootic in the country. Epidemiological information obtained including seroprevalence rate, risk factors (sex, breed, age, and mode of rearing), and geographical distribution will help to define an appropriate strategy for PPR control in the Republic of Chad. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 420-425]

Objective: The objective of this research was to study the histological structures of proventriculus by light and scanning electron microscope and to investigate the localization of glucagon immunoreactive cells within the turkey proventriculus.Materials and methods: Ten adult healthy turkeys were used in this study. The specimens were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. The tissue samples were studied through routine histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Other samples were used for scanning microscope. Results: This study confirmed that the turkey proventriculus was formed from four tunics; tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The lamina epithelialis was simple columnar and gave positive reaction in Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The lamina propria contained simple tubular glands lined with columnar cells with lymphocyte infiltration. The submucosa contained proventricular glands formed with many round lobules. Each lobule was consisted of secretory tubules radiating from the central lumen of the lobule. The lining epithelium of the central lumen was columnar epithelium. The epithelium of the secretory tubules was cuboidal. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed the mucous membrane was consisted of many macroscopic papillae that formed from many folds which separated by furrows. Immunohistochemical observations revealed that glucagon immunoreactive cells were mainly determined inside the proventricular glands than within the surface epithelium mainly in the basal portion of the lobules and in the epithelium of central lumen of gland lobules. Conclusion: The structure of proventriculus structure in turkey has some variations as compared to other species of birds, and this may be attributed to the diet and its nutritious behavior. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 290-298]

Companion animals especially cats and dogs can provide a bridge for transmission of emerging bacterial diseases that are zoonotic in nature. Zoonotic diseases had posed numerous risk to ownership of companion animals by human either through directed or indirect contact especially in recent years where livestock species are being used as pets. Furthermore, companion animals could play a significant role in zoonosis as a potential reservoirs of various infections. These diseases have impacted greatly to the definition of new paradigms posed by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases particularly relating to biosecurity policies and broadly to the protection of public health. Multi-sectorial collaboration for disease containment should be emphasized towards curtailing and managing health risks regarding infectious zoonotic diseases. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 101-109]

Objective: Regarding the displaying of the main differences between the pelvic limb of rabbit and cat.Materials and methods: Our work was performed on 10 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and domestic cats (Felis domestica) with variable ages and of both sexes. After weighing of the animals, sedation, and anesthesia, the animals were examined radiographically. The bones of the pelvic limb were prepared, measured for its length/cm then described and compared.Results: The iliac tuberosity and the conversion of the acetabular notch into foramen were characteristics of Os coxae of the rabbit. The intertrochanteric crest was detected on the femur of the cat. In the rabbit, the leg interosseous space was located in the proximal third of this region while in the cat, it was extended along its length. The first metatarsal was undeveloped in the cat but was absent in the rabbit so metatarsal were four in the rabbit and five in the cat. The digits of the pelvic limbs in both animals were four in number. The distal sesamoid was single, transversely situated, and shuttle-shaped in rabbit but it was absent in cat.Conclusion: So, the chief points of variation between the pelvic limb bones of rabbit and cat enabled us to keep away the commercial fraud and facilitated their use as an animal model for education purposes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 410-419]

Objective: This study aimed to observe the changes in anatomical pathology, histopathology, and histomorphometry of uterine horn in Aceh cattle with repeat breeding (RB).Materials and methods: In this study, five uterine horns were collected from fertile Aceh cattle (N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5) and Aceh cattle with RB (RB1, RB2, RB3, RB4, and RB5). Changes in the anatomical pathology of uterine horn were observed prior to histopathological preparations. The results were analyzed descriptively.Results: The observation of anatomical pathology revealed that the uterus of fertile cattle was yellowish white with horn-like shape consisting of hollow muscles, while RB cattle were reddish-pale. Furthermore, uterine horn swelling with purulent exudate was observed in the uterine horn of RB1 and RB4, while swelling with serous exudates was found in RB2, RB3, and RB5. Thin-walled uterine horn with caruncular atrophy was observed only in RB3. Histopathological observations showed erosion and hyperplasia of endometrial columnar epithelial and uterine glands in RB1, RB2, RB4, and RB5. Atrophy of uterine gland was found in RB3 and edema of caruncular was observed in RB1 and RB4. In addition, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) were found in all RB cattle. Histologically, cow uterus is divided into three layers, endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium with the uterine gland found in the endometrium. Histomorphometric measurements found that the uterine horn wall (endometrial, myometrial, and perimetrium) of RB cattle were thicker than of fertile Aceh cattle, 208.06 ± 39.90 vs. 187.39 ± 29.09 μm, 400.138 ± 51.96 vs. 277.91 ± 42.88 μm, and 23.59 ± 9.67 vs. 18.53 ± 4.40 μm. However, the endometrial gland diameter of RB cattle is smaller than that of fertile Aceh cattle, 4.04 ± 0.88 vs. 4.99 ± 1.37 μm.Conclusion: The changes in anatomical pathology and histopathology of the uterine horn of Aceh cattle with RB indicate endometritis which caused by subacute and chronic bacterial infections. Endometritis causes disrupted blood circulation, which is characterized by hemorrhage, edema, and thickening of the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium, resulting in an increased diameter of the endometrial gland in RB Aceh cattle. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 445-453]

Objective: The present study was carried out to identify the associated Salmonella and Escherichia coli in betel leaves (Piper betle), and to develop an effective method to remove those microbes. Materials and methods: Betel leaves were collected from local and whole sale markets, and borouj (cultivation place). Salmonella and E. coli were isolated and identified by cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests followed by confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the genus specific 16S rRNA genes. Antibiogram of the isolated bacteria was performed by disc diffusion method. Different concentrations of Salmosan-A Soln were used to remediate the contaminating bacteria keeping the quality of betel leaves for longer periods.Results: Total Salmonella counts in the betel leaves were 3.9×105, 4.9×106, 3.5×104, 1.1×103 and 1.5×103 CFU/mL, while E. coli counts were 5.5×107, 6.3×107, 4.4×105, 3.3×103 and 3.1×103 CFU/mL in the betel leaves collected from K.R. market, Kewatkhali Bazaar, whole sale market, borouj in Kushtia and borouj in Natore, respectively. Antibiogram study revealed that the isolated bacteria were sensitive to doxycyclline, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. Application of 0.3% Salmosan-A Soln was found to be the most effective and suitable, where [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 73-80]

Objective: The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the egg-borne bacteria from different parts of duck eggs such as egg shell (outer and inner), yolk and albumen, and to assess the anti-biogram profile of the isolated bacteria. Materials and methods: A total of 40 samples were collected randomly from different grocery shops of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Campus and Kaowatkhali, Mymensingh. Following necessary preparation, the samples were streaked onto various selective media like Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar (for Salmonella spp.), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) (for E. coli), and Mannitol Salt (MS) agar (for Staphylococcus spp.) respectively for isolation of bacteria. The bacteria were confirmed based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the bacterial isolates was performed using seven antibiotics (Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Kanamycin and Cephalexin) by following disc diffusion method. Results: E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified from the duck egg samples. Prevalence of E coli in outer egg shell was 80%, whereas in inner egg shell and inner egg content, this prevalence was 20% and 10%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. was 75%, 17.5% and 7.5% in outer egg shell, inner egg shell and inner egg content, respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 82.5% in outer egg shell, 22.5% in inner egg shell and 12.5% in inner content of egg. All these three bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin and resistant to Ampicillin and Cephalexin. Conclusion: The duck eggs harbor multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria which may impose public health hazards if these MDR bacteria are transferred to human through food chain. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 110-116]