This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Taurine as hypocholesterolemic agentand compare with the results of simvastatin drug on male rats. The experiment consisted of 36adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighting range 170 -200 gm divided into six groups (six foreach), the control group were fed on standard ration for four weeks while cholesterol group fedon standard ration and (10gm/kg/ration) cholesterol. The third group treated by taurine(0.7mg/day/rat) in drinking water while fourth group treated by simvastatin (0.05 mg/day/rat) indrinking water during animal fed on cholesterol in standard ration for 4 weeks. The fifth and sixgroup animals fed standard ration and cholesterol for 4 weeks and then treated with taurine andsimvastatin (0.7 mg and 0.05 mg /day/rat) in drinking water for 4 weeks respectively.At the end of study, the rats were sacrificed and blood serum was collected .The evaluation oftotal cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol and triglyceride weredone and also AST and ALT were measured.The results revealed there were a significant decreasing in the lipid profile parameters (TC, TG,LDL-C and VLDL-C) and noted there were a significant increasing in HDL-C parameter oftaurine treated group and simvastatin treated group when compared with control and highcholesterol groups. Taurine showed better effect on hepatic enzyme activities and lipid profileparameters when compared with simvastatin treated groups.

This study was conducted at Ramin agricultural and natural resources university inKhuzestan of Iran in 2012 to 2013. In order to estimate the (co) variance components andgenetic parameters of growth traits in Zandi sheep, It was used a total of 6188 records of birthweight (BW), 5170 records of weaning weight(WW), 2994 records of 6 month weight(6MW), 2283 records of 9 month weight(9 MW) respectively which collected in the Khajiranimal breeding station from Tehran city during 1994-2010. The SAS statistical software wasused to determine the environmental factors that affect these traits and MTGSAM softwarewas used to determine genetic parameters of growth traits under Bayesian method.Environmental factors include year of birth, lamb sex, type of birth and age of dam had asignificant difference on all traits. It is entered the age of animal in to the model as covariateduring the weigh. It is estimated the heritability and variance components of each trait withBayesian method under the uni-trait animal model. By including or ignoring maternal geneticeffector or common environmental effects due to dam to direct additive genetic effects ofanimal, six different model of analysis were fitted into each trait. To find the best model foreach trait, it was considered the minimum residual variance. Mean and standard deviation ofBW, WW,6MW and 9 MW were 4.24±0.72, 21.48±3.79, 30.98±4.7, 32.8±4.53 respectively.Results showed that for BW, model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternaladditive genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects without consideringthe covariance between them. For WW, model was included direct additive genetic effects,  maternal additive genetic effects with considering the covariance between them. For 6 MW,model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects andmaternal permanent environmental effects with considering the covariance between them.For 9 MW, model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive geneticeffects and maternal permanent environmental effects without considering the covariancebetween them. The direct estimated heritability of BW,WW, 6MW with the best model were0.124, 0.169, 0.258 and 0.163 respectively.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains have been divided into three groups: virulent(velogenic), moderately virulent (mesogenic), and non-virulent strains (lentogenic). The nonvirulentvirus strain (LaSota strain) has been used as a live vaccine, which gives good immunityagainst the virulent strains. The aim of the study was to grow and propagate Newcastle diseasevirus in the lab, determination ofcytopathic effects in chicken embryos, and confirmation ofvirus growth by hemagglutination test. Non-virulent strain (LaSota strain)represented by livevaccine was used for this purpose. Embryonated eggs were inoculated with the virus andincubated for 48 hours; and theallantoic fluids were then collected for further processing.Petichial hemorrhages were clearly observed in the embryos following infection while in theun-inoculated eggs; the embryos appeared normal and did not show any lesions. For furthervirus growth confirmation, the presence of virus in the allantoic fluid was determined byhemagglutiation test. This finding is considered as a starting point for Newastle disease virusantigen preparation, which is essential for the applications of several laboratory techniques.

The intent of this study were to explain the gross anatomical study of the bones of the camelfeet (Forelimb and Hindlimb) from under the carpal and tarsal joints by using traditional techniquesfor gross anatomical preparation of bones (using 6 pairs of forelimb and hindlimb). The camel ischaracterized by two contrary adaptive factors, firstly, its camel leg must be long and skinny forprotective from hot desert environment, and secondly, the leg must be strong enough to a bear theheavy weight of the camel body and to prevent sinking in the sands of the desert. The camel leghave these two factors (elongation & slimness) and at the same time the strength stemming from ofseveral structural adaptations such as the abundance of fatty-elastic (digital cushions) inside thefoot, the length of the metacarpal and metatarsal and the horizontal positioning of phalanges. Theresults showed that the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones are characterized by the fusion of 3rdand 4th metacarpal and metatarsal bones on the entire length of the bone except at the distal endwhich happens a divergence of bone from each other larger than the rest of the animals to distributethe weight of the camel on a larger area, metatarsal bone resemble the metacarpal with theexception of the metatarsal being smaller and has more cylindrical body, the bones of the phalangesare longest when compared to other animals, the proximal phalanx of camel was characterized byits elongation when compared with ruminants, the length of the middle phalanx reach to almost halfthe length of the proximal phalanx while the distal phalanx was considered the smallest of the threephalanges and has the wedge shape, the number of sesamoid bones in the camels were differentfrom other animals in the absence of the distal sesamoid bone in order to allow free movement ofthe foot.

The efficacy of the in vitro cultivation of promastigotes of threeLeishmania spp. weretested inmodified the biphasic Novy-MacNealNicolle (NNN) medium prepared using blood from different mammals ( human bloodgroup O , horse, donkey, goat and sheep).This study was carried out to determine which modification of NNN media will begave the best yield in the shortest time fordifferent parasite species, in order to obtaina large crop of promastigotes for experimental work and for antigen preparation.Promastigotes of the three main parasite species ,Leishmaniadonovani,Leishmaniatropica and Leishmania major, isolated from patient in Bagdad andcultuerd, at equal numbers, in the 5 different NNN preparations. At the end of the 7thday, the NNN medium using horse blood produced the greatest number ofpromastigotes for all Leishmania spp. tested, 27 ,15 ,33x106 whilst goat blood providthe poorest medium, providing culture results only for L. donovani,7x106.Humanblood group O give good results, 9.2 ,5,4X106.Donkey blood 6.5,2 ,1 X106.ThenSheep blood gave 4.5, 2.5 X106 ,This finding may be explained by the fact thatLeishmaniais a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) auxotrophand horseerythrocytes support NAD-dependent microorganisms

The present research was planned to realize and determine the calcification inthe kidneys of two ages (18 months and 24 months) of laying hens. There are no cleardifferences in histological appearance by using (H&E) stain between to ages, butthere are higher significant differences in the height of epithelium cells and lowersignificant differences in the lumen of renal tubules in the kidneys of laying hens for(24 months) than in the (18 months). By using special dyes (Van Kossa)revelateddeposits of calcium salts and using immunohistochemistry method, theresults showed presence of calcification in form of small foci in varying sizes bearingwithin them brown to dark color calcium deposits in the glomerulus, the epitheliumlayer and basement membrane of the renal tubules and between them. In general thecalcified foci in different areas of kidneys in the 24 month age increase than in the 18months age.

This study is conducted on two types of pigeons, wild pigeons (Columbia livia) and(streptopliadecaocto). A total of(201) birds were examined for ectoparasits,included(143) Streptopliadecaoctoand (58)Columba livia. It was found that (37) birds wereinfected with more than one type of lice. The percentage of infection inColumbialivia(64%), the highest infection inFebruary (92%)and March (62%); Noinfectiondetected in streptopliadecaocto. Four types of ectoparasiteswere isolated fromColumbia livia:Columbicolacolumbae, Hohorstiellalata, Coloceras damicorne,campanulotesbidentatusscopolicampanulotesbidentatusscopoli

The Phenotypic identification results revealed that Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)isolates which is characterized by both Gram positive and catalase negative reactionswas observed in 51 % of cow raw milk bacterial isolates with 51% an overall ratio.Thehigher results(58.5%.) of conventionallbacteriological analysis were observed in rawmilk bacterial isolates of cows lat first age group(≥3 - < 9 year) , There wassignificantleffect ( p< 0.05)for the cows age on the raw milk bacterialisolatesldistribution .The number of parturition affect significantly ( p< 0.05) on thelrawmilk bacterial isolates distribution and high ratio( 52%)of LAB isolateslwas observed incows with ≥6-<12 number oflparturitionDepending on genotypic identification results the high ratio (100%) ofpositivelresults of 16S rDNA based PCR appeared in all of raw milk bacterial isolatesof cowslat second age group(≥9 - ˂15 year) , and the difference between the twoagelgroups stastically was not considered significant (P>0.05)..The number ofparturitionlhad اhigh significant effect (p< 0.001) on16S rDNA based PCRpositivelresults and high ratio(50%) of these results was observed inlcows with 1 - <6 number oflparturition.Subsequent bacteriocin encoding geneslbased PCR analysisof 16S rDNA genes based PCR positive LAB revealed that higher ratio of PCRpositive results (60.9%) was observed in EntlB followed by Nis encodinggenes(30.4%) . High significant difference(P<0.01) was observed amonglthe Nis, EntA and Ent B encoding genes based PCR positivelresults.

Myrtus communis(myrtle) is rare medicine plant that exist in limited areas in Iran and theworld. Essential oil of myrtle leaf is containing terpinolene, cineole,linalool,terpineol andlinalyl acetate. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of myrtus communis leafon some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Eight sheep with 9month’s age and average weight32±1.5 kg were fed with control diet (30:70 forage to concentrate without myrtle leaf) anddiet containing 4% myrtle leaf for one month. In the end of experiment, blood samples weretaken and some metabolites were measured. The results of this experiment showed dietcontaining 4% myrtle leaf significantly reduced blood urea, triglyceride and glucose ofsheeps in compared with the control diet. But the blood cholesterol value of sheeps did notaffected by inclusion of myrtle leave. Therefore, according to the effect of phytochemicals ofmyrtus communis leaf on decreasing blood parameters, it seems to be used by 4% in Arabisheep diet.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP-15) was known to regulate functions of ovaryin mammals. The aim of this research was tocompare the BMP15 expression ofovaries incow and calf todetermine a relationship between the level of BMP15 genesand the developmental low competence of calfoocytes.Oocyte collected from 15cattleand 10 calves. Extracted DNA by intron kit (Korea).The BMP15 expression inOocytes surrounded completely andpartiallyby cumulus cells of adult ovaries washigher significantly than that incalf ovaries. Oocytepolymorphism in protein calvescompared with adults