One hundred milk samples were collected from camel's milk for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-one isolates were S. aureus, 45 were other forms of staphylococci and 24 represented other bacteria. Five isolates from S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 26 samples were methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The whole genome sequence of S. aureus was annotated and visualised by rapid annotation using subsystem technology (RAST) which is a fully-automated service for annotating complete or nearly complete bacterial genomes. Four isolates from MSSA strains were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Three multi-locus sequences types or sequence types (MLST/ST) were found, namely ST15, ST1153 and ST130. The phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of the seven genes forming the MLST profile of S. aureus classification revealed a high degree of similarity and close relationship between the ST15 and ST1153 while the third ST (ST130) was located in a different cluster.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the gram-positive, endospore-forming and soil-borne bacterium Bacillus anthracis. When in spore form, the organism can survive in dormancy in the environment for decades. It is a controlled disease of livestock and wild ungulates in South Africa. In South Africa, the two enzootic regions are the Kruger National Park and the Ghaap Plateau in the Northern Cape province. Farms on the Plateau span thousands of hectares comprising of wildlife - livestock mixed use farming. In 2007-2008, anthrax outbreaks in the province led to government officials intervening to aid farmers with control measures aimed at preventing further losses. Because of the ability of the organism to persist in the environment for prolonged periods, an environmental risk or isolation survey was carried out in 2012 to determine the efficacy of control measures employed during the 2007-2008, anthrax outbreaks. No B. anthracis could be isolated from the old carcass sites, even when bone fragments from the carcasses were still clearly evident. This is an indication that the control measures and protocols were apparently successful in stemming the continuity of spore deposits at previously positive carcass sites.

       This is an investigative study to explore the changes in the duration of different estrus cycle stages of cyclic female Wistar rats treated with anti-sera against bovine follicular fluid-steroid-free (ANBFF-SF), and to examine the changes of ovarian and uterine weight in association with these different stages of the cycle. The current study recruited 160 cyclic rat females, which were assigned equally into two groups. At proestrus phase, the control group received 100μl/female normal saline intraperitoneally, and the treatment group received 100µl/female ANBFF-SF. The duration of the four estrous phases were determined for two consecutive cycles. For vaginal smears, scarification of 20 females/phase/group was conducted, and ovaries and uteri were removed and weighted. The findings reported potential elongation of proestrus and diestrus durations and potential shortening of diestrus duration in treatment groups compared with control, whereas metestrus and total duration showed insignificant changes. The mean weight of both ovaries and uteri weight increased significantly at estrus phase in treatment group compared with control, whereas other phases showed insignificant changes between groups. In conclusion, SFBFF-AS administration has a potent role in enhancing sexual performance of cyclic female Wistar rats.

Twenty healthy adult Carp fish were collected from Dijlah river in Iraq in Summer and winter times of the year (Ten for each ). The fish were sacrificed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. Routine histological preparations were carried out. Hematoxylin - Eosin stain was used. The finding of the current study showed that clear connective tissue capsule was not observed. Instead, wide loose connective tissue was surrounded the follicles. The thyroid follicles were distributed individually or in groups in the kidney and sub pharyngeal region( around the ventral aorta). The thyroid tissue was represented by thyroid follicles of different sizes and shapes. In Carp fish, the building up and organization of the follicular cells of thyroid follicles were simple and poorly organized. There was a close relationship between the morphological state of thyroid follicles and the season( temperature). The results of the present study also demonstrated that the spread of thyroid follicles in summer was more than in winter where the follicles appeared as aggregated at the periphery of renal tissue and also the results of this study showed that large and small follicles were combined. The study also registered that, during winter, the large follicles were mostly formed by the aggregation of smaller ones and that according to the physiological status of the thyroid tissue. The study concluded firstly that these follicles had the ability to wandered within the renal tissue. Moreover, the study concluded that the thyroid follicle was dynamic structure, and their sizes depending on the amount of colloid present within .

The present study aimed to investigate the histological ,histochemical changes of thyroid gland in case of induced hypothyroidism by carbimazole in domestic female rabbits . Histological results revealed many histpathological changes compared with the control group there are hyperatrophy of follicular epithelium , hemorrhage ,edema and damage in the epithelium lining of the follicles. Histochemical results revealed alterations in normal distribution of glycoprotein inside follicles of thyroid gland in hypothyrodic groups.

Eighty three local isolates of fungi were isolated from different resources (Peanuts , maize, rice, wheat, bread , domestic cheese of sheep, Milk local Cream, Iranian cream, Roquefort cheese and soil). These isolates were purified and identified, it include 14 isolates of Aspergillus flavus, 13 Aspergillus niger,8 Aspergillus terreus,3Aspergillus parasaticus,3Alternaria spp.,15Penicilliumspp.,7Fusarium spp.,5 Trichoderma spp., 11 Rhizopus spp. and 7Mucor spp. The ability of isolates for producing aflatoxin were tested, the toxic isolates(Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus terreus ,and Aspergillus parasaticus) were removed.Aspergillus niger which was isolated from maize was choosing as the best lipoxygenase producer after Primary and secondary screening. The growth of the selected isolate colonies had the largest proportion than the Colonies of Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp..all so the same isolate had high enzymatic activity 801.4units/ml, while Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. had (559.2 and 120) units/ml respectively.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ursolic acid, hyperinsulinemia and vitamin B complex in skeletal muscle, which represented by Gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic nerve crush in diabetes mellitus male rabbits, determine their effects on some biochemical parameters which include insulin, total serum protein (TSP) and skeletal muscle protein percentage and detect their effects on histological structures of the skeletal muscle represented by Gastrocnemius muscle. The results of our study showed that there is a significant increase of insulin in diabetic rabbits and this increase is continued in all treatment groups with a higher level range of (3.56-8.4 µu/ ml); the lowest significant increase is with vitamin B complex treated group. Our study illustrated that Induction of diabetes has no significant effect on skeletal muscle protein percentage but has a significant effect on total serum protein, while all treatment groups caused a significant increase in skeletal muscle protein percentage and total serum protein. Histological sections of the Gastrocnemius muscle represent some changes happened due to sciatic nerve crush injury, such as some distraction in skeletal muscle fibers, splitting and atrophy of others as well as there is an increase in thickness of fibrous tissue separating them. There is a good regeneration of muscle fibers with little splitting phenomena; also there is a clear formation of muscle cell nuclei, which indicate an improvement of muscle after different treatment.

This study aimed to defect and calculate infection rate of Oestrus ovis. in sheep from Ninevah governorate, Iraq.The study examines the presence of oestrus ovis. Larvae in heads sheep collected from march to may 2014. Of 133 heads 72 (54.1%) were infested with oestrus ovis. A total of 142 larvae were encountered in the infested sheep. Thirty five (24.6%) of those larvae were identified as L1, 62 (43.7%) were identified as L2 and 45 (31.7%) were identified as L3, the general mean of intensity of larvae was( 2) larvae/ infested head..The older animals were mostly affected as compared to younger animals. there was no significant difference between the number of infected male and female. sheep with black colored head higher infestation than that of sheep with light colored head

The oral use of pregabalin was evaluated in this study to reveal its effects on some hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory mice. The animals of this study were divided into three groups (twelve mice each). The control group was fed on a standard ration. The first treated group (Pregabalin 1) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing Pregabalin (20 mg/ml/mice/ day). The second treated group (Pregabalin 2) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing pregabalin (40mg/ml/mice/ day). The experiment continued for two successive months. The results showed that the use of pregabalin caused a significant declination in R.B.C., HGB, HCT, W.B.C., M.C.V., MCH, and MCHC of both treated groups compared them with control group and the declination was more significant in (pregabalin 2) group compared with (pregabalin 1) group. The RDW-CV, RDW-SD, and PLT increased significantly in both treated groups as compared with those of the control group. However, PCT, PDW and MPV were not affected by the use of pregabalin except the MPV of (Pregabalin 2) group was significantly less than that of (Pregabalin 1) but without a significant difference compared with that of control. The Fe++, and GLU decreased significantly in both treated groups compared with the control and they declined more significantly in (Pregabalin 2) compared with (Pregabalin 1). Both the TP and Ca++ did not affected by the use of pregabalin compared with the control group (P≤0.05)

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentration, as well as the clinical signs that may be occur due to the Zinc and copper deficiency, in addition to the effect the two trace elements levels on the hematological levels, oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant levels glutathione and Catalase (CAT). This study carried out in Basra province, the study conducted on (75) sheep (male and female). About 60 sheep clinically have from zinc and copper deficiency (hypozincemia) and 15 clinically apparently healthy served as a control group. The clinical signs occur due to the tow trace elements deficiency include: loss of appetite, depression, pica, repeatedly bites off the wool of other sheep, loss of the wool, loss of hair around the eyes, ear and nose, alopecia, parakeratosis, stiff in gait and some animals suffering from diarrhea, pale of the mucous membrane, decrease the rumenal contraction, and significant (P