Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral infection of cattle caused by lumpyskin disease virus (LSDV). This infection has a huge economic impact on the cattle industryas a result of skin damage, inflammation of mammary glands and decrease milk production,reduces reproduction and even death as a consequence of secondary bacterial infection. Iraqis considered as an endemic country by OIE that continues breaking throughout differentparts of the country. The aims of this research work was to detect and molecularcharacterization of LSDV in Duhok province for the first time through using a phylogeneticapproach of P32 and RPO30 genes. The results showed that LSDV was detected andidentified over using PCR and sequencing and the isolate 1 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019,isolate 2 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 and isolate 3 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 wereclustered in LSDV lineage for both P32 and RPO30 genes. The phylogenetic analysis ofthese isolates showed a close relationship with the previously published isolates based on P32gene sequences, while this study is the first study to publish genetic information on RPO30gene of the Iraqi isolates and compare them to the other publicly available data sets of othercountries. To sum up, the findings of this paper could be beneficial to illustrate the spreadingnature of LSDV in Iraq and mainly in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Furthermore, offer thetheoretical references for control and prevention of LSDV infections in future. 

The present study has been carried out at the department of physiology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine of Basrah, to evaluate the role of oil extracted from salviaofficinalis and Thymus vulgaris leaves in some structural and functionalcharacteristics of mature female rats experimentally induced with gastriculcer.Oils of thyme and sage were extracted from dry leaves available in Basrahmarket by normal hexane, oils components have been analyzed in a manner GCMAS (Gas chromatography). Gastric ulcers were induced in starved female rats bygiving indomethacin orally by mouth gavage in a dose 25mg\kg for one day. Theanimals have been divided into seven equal groups(8 females in each group). Thefirst group was received normal saline and served as a negative control. Secondgroup serve as positive group that received only single dose of indomethacin,whereas third group treated with thyme crude oil for two week ,fourth group thattreated with thyme dilution oil for two weeks,fifth group treated with sage crudeoil for two week, sixth group treated with sage dilution oil for two weeks andseventh group treated with cimetidine for two weeks. The blood has been obtainedfor hematological assessment the present results: showed no changed in RBCs ,PCV of female rats groups treated with thyme crude,thyme dilution, sage crudeoil and cimetidine and just group treated with sage dilution caused a significant decrease in RBCs and PCV among treated group. So, the results revealed thatthere is no- changed in WBC in groups treated with thyme crude, thyme dilutionand sage dilution ,whereas showed a decreased in gastric ulcer group, sage crudeand cimetidine group. Also neutrophils existed increase significantly in all treatedgroups compared with control negative group ,whereas no change recorded inthyme dilution and sage crude groups compared with control negative group

The present study has been conducted for detection of Strongyloides papillosusparasite isolated from cattle in Basrah province from November 2018 to June 2019.255 and 300 samples were collected from fecal and serum of bovine, respectively.Samples were collected from slaughterhouse and animals from regions in Basrahprovince. Ten serum samples were from Mosul province. 255 fecal samples submittedto the parasites lab. for routine microscopic examination and 7.54% of thosesamples were detected positive for S.papillosus. Serum samples tested by ELISA (SSIgM) and the results confirmed that 34.7% of samples were infected withS.papillosus. ELISA showed a high infection rate in comparison with microscopicexamination. Also, this study has detected other types of gastrointestinal parasite ofcattle. Parasites identified in this study included: nematode, Toxocara vitulorum(13.2%),Capillaria bovis (1.88 %), Gongylonemia spp. (3.77%) (first report inBasrah city),Oesophagostomum spp.(3.77%), Trichuris spp. (3.77 %),Trichostrongylus spp. (20.75%),Ostertagia spp. (1.88%); Cestoda ,Monieziaexpansa(1.88 %); Protozoan, Eimeria spp. (3.77 %),Balantidium spp. (1.88%),Isospora spp. (1.88%), Giardia lamblia (3.77%), Cryptosporidium spp. (5.66%),Entamoeba histolytica(11.32%) and Trematode , Paramphistomum spp.(7.54%),Fasciola spp. (5.66%).INTRODUCTI

The project of research was carrying out to study the effect of N-acetylcysteine on thewounds which developed in the stomach after gastrotomy. Dogs were used in this study asexperimental animals. Dogs were divided into two groups' treatment and control; each groupcontains 5 animals. The surgical incision was closed by two layers of sutures using absorbentsutures then closed the muscle and skin using traditional steps. The treatment group was treatedusing 3% of N-acetylcysteine fluid topically on site of operation, as well as N-acetylcysteine(140 mg/kg/ day) was administrated orally for 7 days. Gross examination and clinical signswere recorded after 7 days of operation. Blood samples were collected before the surgery and 7days after the surgery for complete blood studies on blood samples in both groups.Additionally, tissue samples were taken from operation areas to study the histological change.Results of this study show that the healing of treated groups with N-acetylcysteine wasdisappeared after 3 days while in control groups the healing sings continued until 7 days aftersurgery. The mucous membranes in the group treated with N-acetylcysteine were healthiercomparative to the control group after 7 days of operation. Openings of the surgical area in thecontrol group suffered from adhesions led to hemorrhage during their separation while in thetreated group there were no adhesions. Blood analysis and liver enzymes tests showed anabsence of inflammation and regularity of all liver enzymes in the treated group. Finally, the treated groups showed the normal arrangement of tissue layers and no adhesion or increasing incollagen fibers.

Parathyroid glands take a special place in human physiology and anatomy,as they were the last major organs to be identified in humans. The average parathyroid glandmeasures about five to seven mm in length, andthree to four mm in width and weighs about forty to sixty mg. The four parathyroid glands arederivative from the posterior endoderm of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches. Normally, thereare four parathyroid glands (superior and inferior). It takes the bean-shaped or oval. The mainfunction of the parathyroid gland is to release hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH)consists of 84- amino acid, which is involved in calcium homeostasis.

Mycotoxins are fungal metabolic byproducts that can contaminate animal feedand human food. To investigate the incidence of mycotoxins in poultry feed inSulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, 173 samples of feed (n =150) and feed ingredients(n = 23) were collected from 49 poultry farms and feed mills. The samples wereanalyzed to quantitatively determine the existence of five mycotoxins, namelyaflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, T-2, and zearalenone, using specific kits. All thetested samples contained ochratoxin at concentrations ranging between 1.0 and 6.0μg/kg and averaging 3.4 ± 0.1 μg/kg. About 94.8% of the feed and feed ingredientsamples contained a minimum of four mycotoxins in different concentrations. Thereis a need to understand the cumulative toxic effects better when several mycotoxinsoccur in animal feed, which may result in issuing new regulations about the maximumallowed concentrations of mycotoxins in feedstuff.

Bacterial mastitis is one of the most important diseases in high-production dairy cowswhich causing high economic losses however it effect on the dairy industry, resulting in thedecline Dairy industry and quality, furthermore the cost of treatment. The annual losses dueto mastitis are approximately 184 U.S $ for each animal. Usually during milking, infectiousmicroorganisms are the major source of infection between healthy and infected udderquarters. Environmental pathogens are found in the enclosing area of the cow, such as thebedding of housing cows, soil and the waste product of the animals which containStreptococcal strains other than S. agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcusfaecium and coliforms. Bacteria which involved in the udder inflammation process showhigh resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this review article was to establish the bacterialcauses of clinical and subclinical mastitis in Iraq, and recognize its sensitivity to antibiotics,then find proper solutions for the treatment and control of mastitis.

The study aimed to undergo a comprehensive study to provide abroad basic data for thedifferent constituents of the skin of local black goat. To achieve this goal, histological,morphometrical and topographical study was carried out on twelve skin regions taken from twentymale apparently healthy bucks. All samples were collected during the autumn season.Two types ofhair follicles were noticed: large follicles that extend deeply into the dermis; Which representedprimary hair follicles, smaller and shorter but more numerous; called secondary hair follicles. Theprimary hair follicles produce the coarse hair while the secondary hair follicles produce the finehairs. The diameter of the coarse hairs varied in the different skin regions and ranged between(39.98-106.40  m) being larger in the back and lateral surfaces and smaller in the abdomen andmedial surfaces. The diameter of fine hairs ranged between (26.56-39.94  m). The secondary:primary hair follicle ratio varies in the different skin regions and accordingly the fine :coarse hairratio varies as well. The fine: coarse hair ratio was found to be 6.88:1 in the middle back region,5.89:1 in the lateral surface of forelimbs region, 5.86:1 in anterior back region, 5.46:1 in lateralsurface of hind limb, 3.64:1in medial surface of hind limb, 3.32:1 in the skin of theabdomen,3.25:1 in the medial surface of the forelimb, 2.82:1 in the skin of the tail, 2.10:1 in theskin of scrotum, 0.20:1 in the skin of the muzzle, 0.15:1 in the dorsal surface of skin of the ear and0.00:1 in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear. Most of the hair follicles of different regionswere of a compound type in which several secondary hairs share the opening of a primary hairfollicle. In less common circumstances, the secondary follicles open directly on the epidermis butthey remain in a close position to the opening of the accompanied primary follicle. Simple hairfollicles were observed in the ventral surface of the skin of the ear, and in a less extent in thescrotal regions, muzzle region and skin of the dorsal surface of the ear. Hair density varies greatlyin the different skin regions being: 31.68/mm2 in anterior back region, 32.66/mm2 in the middleback region,13.38/mm2 in the abdominal region, 32.76/mm2 in the tail region, 30.30/mm2 in thelateral side of forelimb, 12.50/mm2 in the medial side of the forelimb, 11.52/mm2 in the scrotalregion, 31.12/mm2 in the lateral side of hind limbs, 16.44/mm2 in the medial side of hind limbs,22.22/mm2 in the muzzle region, 9.62/mm2 in the skin of the dorsal surface of the ear and2.92/mm2 in the skin of the ventral surface of the ear.

This study was conducted to investigate the potential effect of white, red andgreen color light and two light intensity 5 and 10 lux to each color treatment light onJapanese quail bird’s production performance and some physiological traits. Onehundred and eighty, one day old Japanese quail birds were randomly assigned intothree color light with 5 and 10 lux light intensity per treatment each treatment contain3 replicate (10 birds /cage). Result showed that the birds reared under the influence ofgreen color were significantly (p<0.05) improve body weight, weight gain, feedconversion ratio, relative weight of testes, ovaries, oviduct, male L.H, F.S.H andtestosterone hormones also female L.H, F.S.H and estrogen. Sexual maturity formales and females significantly (p<0.05) increased by white colortreatment.Treatments of birds raised under the influence of 10 lux light intensitysignificantly (p<0.05) increased body weight, weight gain and the average levels ofhormones L.H, F.S.H, testosterone for males and L.H, F.S.H, estrogen for females.Green color light with 5 and 10 lux intensity color significantly (p<0.05) increased therelative weight of ovary and oviduct.

Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of the important animals in Iraq becauseof its great economic value and historical symbolism, which reflects the history and thecivilisation epoch of Mesopotamia. This study has focused on the macroscopic lesionsthat appear on the lungs of the water buffaloes with also an examination of thesespecimens microscopically, which reflect the extent of pulmonary disease among theseanimals, which form significant economic losses. This study was conducted in theabattoir of Basrah province, south of Iraq, from October 2019 until February 2020.Samples of 120 affected lungs (23.21%) of different macroscopic lesions were obtainedof the total 517 water buffaloes. The microscopic lesions were divided into the following:bronchopneumonia 29 cases (24.17%) (Suppurative bronchopneumonias 14 cases(48.28% out of 29) and fibrinous bronchopneumonias 15 cases (51.72%). The interstitialpneumonia was 33 cases (27.5%)(Acute Interstitial pneumonia 21 cases (63.64% out of33) and chronic interstitial pneumonia was 12 cases (36.36%), granulomatous pneumonia5 cases (4.17%), emphysema 18 cases (15%), atelectasis 7 cases (5.83%), oedema cases 5(4.17%), congestion 6 cases (5%), haemorrhage 11 cases (9.16%), pneumoconiosis(anthracosis) 6 cases (5%). Pneumonia in water buffalo is the most challenging conditionto treat after it has worsened. Hence, regular veterinary examination and testing is anessential step in managing the disease as it has become unreactive to therapies in the laterstage.