The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of OPU session i.e OPU performed at known stage of cycle (OPU1) vs OPU performed at unknown stage of cycle (OPU2), on oocyte yield and in-vitro embryo production in two different Bos indicus breeds i.e., Ongole (n=6) and Gir (n=6) heifers, aged 2-4 years.  OPU 1 was carried out on day 9 (luteal phase) of induced cycle and after a resting period of 3-4 weeks OPU2 was performed at random stage of cycle.  A total of 24 OPU sessions were performed in 12 animals.  The mean antral follicle count (AFC) (32.58±2.22 and 30.50±2.16), cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) recovery (24.58±2.50and 22±1.95), viable oocyte yield (21.25±2.20and 19.33±1.72) and embryos produced (5.91±0.9and 6.66±1.13) in OPU 1 and OPU 2 respectively,did not show significant variation (P>0.05). Similarly the breed of the oocyte donor had not shown any effect on OPU-IVEP parameters. The results suggest that the stage of estrous cycle did not impact the efficacy of OPU. Ongole and Gir heifers, both being Bos indicus category, performed uniformly in both OPU sessions.

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a leading tropical fruit crop that is grown worldwide. Different parts of the mango fruit have traditionally been used for various medicinal  applications.  The  current  study  explored  the  phytochemical  components of mango leaf extract and examined its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, glycosides, saponins, and tannins in the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds in the extract. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract showed dose-dependent inhibition  against  Escherichia  coli  (11–8  mm),  Staphylococcus  aureus  (13–8  mm), and Salmonella enterica (11–7 mm). The extract also exhibited dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity, reflecting its strong antioxidant potential. Therefore, the ethanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica has considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities,  implying  its  potential  use  in  the  food  and  pharmaceutical  industries.

This study examines livestock population dynamics across three western Indian   states—Gujarat,   Maharashtra,   and   Rajasthan—from   1997   to   2019. Using  five decadal  livestock  census  periods,  we  analyzed  species-specific data for cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. Statistical tools including the Coefficient of Variation (CV%), R-square (R²), Cuddy Della Valle Instability Index (CDVI), Coppock Instability Index (CII%) and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR%) were applied to assess intertemporal variability and stability trends.The results reveal divergent trends. Gujarat showed relatively stable growth in cattle and buffalo populations with moderate sheep population instability. Maharashtra experienced a notable decline in cattle and buffalo with highly volatile trends in goats. Rajasthan’s livestock sector exhibited high volatility, particularly in sheep, while showing robust growth in buffalo and goats. These findings underscore the need for species-specific and state-specific livestock policy frameworks to manage population  volatility  and  ensure  sustainability  in  rural  livestock  economies.  

The case was presented with a history of dystocia and retention of the placenta, and the placenta along with the fetus required manual removal. Clinical signs indicated an anxious and alert expression marked by erect ears, high rectal temperature (105 oF), general muscular stiffness and dilated nostrils, along with reduced rumination and bloat. The prolapse of the third eyelid was noticed and the tail exhibited stiffness with a pump-handle posture and limited movement. The treatment plan included penicillin, methocarbamol, human tetanus immunoglobulin, meloxicam and fluids. After three days of treatment, slight signs of improvement were noted, with complete recovery achieved after ten days of treatment.

A biological experiment was conducted to study the effect of different mating ratio on fertility and hatchability of TANUVAS Namakkal quail-1 breeders. The experiment was conducted by using two hundred and fifty adult birds of the age 15-25 weeks (males:25 and females:125) and 35-45 weeks (males:25 and females:125) TANUVAS Namakkal quail-1 breeders. The different male: female ratios viz. T1 (1:2), T2 (1:3), T3 (1:4), T4 (1:5) and T5 (1:6) were maintained in cages separately. All the birds were reared as per the standard management procedure and fed with Japanese quail breeder diet. The fertile eggs were collected from each male: female ratio separately for 28 days period. Eggs were set in the incubator and per cent hatchability, infertile, embryonic mortality and dead-in-shell were studied. The results of the experiment revealed that the hatchability was highly significant (P<0.01) in T3 group (77.62%) with a mating ratio of 1:4 in 15 to 25 weeks age group and in T2 group (72.83%) with a mating ratio of 1:3 in 35 to 45 weeks age group. From this study it could be concluded that the optimum mating ratio for “TANUVAS NAMAKKAL Quail-1” breeder for younger age group is 1:4 and for older age group is 1:3.

This paper deals with survey of the impact of COVID-19 on domestic meat trade and consumption of meat and meat products in India. The survey has a specific focus on the domestic trade of meat and meat products during the pandemic COVID-19 lock down and was conducted by preparing a questionnaire and uploaded in google form and communicated to the respondents through email/Whatsapp. Based on the response offered by the respondents it appeared that during April and May 2020, there were likely to be widespread meat and meat product shortages in country due to difficulties associated with functioning of slaughter houses, availability of labours and supply of food animals. During COVID-19 lockdown period only 50 % of panchayat/municipal slaughter houses functioned of which nearly 81% of slaughterhouses functioned, occasionally, while 100 % of them had restricted working hours and 58.6 % restricted availability of skilled and 53.6 % restricted availability of unskilled labours. Moreover, movement of animals, raw materials were mostly restricted due to pandemic situation COVID-19. This disrupted the supply of meat and meat products to the consumers. Due to this there were changes in the wholesale rate of different types of meat especially on the rate of beef, mutton and chevon. There were also changes in the attitude of the consumer towards the purchase of hygienic and safe consumption of meat. The consumers also preferred to purchase the meat through online meat traders as restriction for migration of people prevailed during that time. Due to these factors the organized meat and poultry retail outlets have witnessed increased growth in sales. The domestic meat trade in India was adversely affected and suffered as an impact of COVID-19 lockdown.

The present study was performed to test the fertility of commercially procured sex-sorted frozen bull semen straws in crossbred cattle of Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu under field conditions. A total of 60 crossbred heifers and 60 crossbred cows were inseminated with sex-sorted semen straws containing 2 x 106 X-bearing, frozen spermatozoa from six different bulls. Early pregnancy diagnosis was performed around 28-30 day post insemination using commercially available kits. The pregnancy rates were 31.67 per cent (19/60) and 30.00 per cent (18/60) in heifers and cows, respectively and were 40.9 (9/22), 30.77 (4/13), 27.27 (3/14) and 18.18 (2/11) between cows in first, second, third and fourth calving, respectively. The mean pregnancy rates between animals inseminated with Jersey crossbred and Red Sindhi sex-sorted frozen bull semen were 30.00±5.0 and 31.25±6.9, respectively. The conception rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the groups. Foetal sex determination at 65-80 days post insemination using ultrasonography confirmed female foetus in all the pregnancies. Hence, the present field trial concludes similar pregnancy rates with the commercially procured X-bearing sex-sorted frozen semen straws in crossbred cattle along with foetal sex determination revealing female foetus in all pregnant animals.

The present research work was conducted to study the effect of propofol on haemato-biochemical and physiological parameters. A total of twelve adult dogs divided into six (6) animals in each group viz Group-I (Maintenance by propofol) and Group-II (maintenance by propofol and 2% lignocaine CRI) were presented for removal of infected uterus. Haematological parameters and biochemical parameters were within their normal physiological range in all groups. Based on the clinical, biochemical, hematological parameters propofol-lignocaine combination was more suitable.

The veterinary graduates and postgraduates should be enabled with professional abilities and employability skills to be successful in the competitive technology driven world. In order to know the background and socio-profile characteristics of the respondents, it is important to analyse these characteristics in depth. The socio-profile characteristics of people vary with the location to location, time to time and society to society. Therefore, the study was undertaken to study the socio-profile characteristics of postgraduates of SVVU and constraints faced by them to gain employability. The results of the research revealed that majority (53.34 %) of the post graduates belonged to first class category of academic performance and majority (66.7 %) of post graduates belonged to 24-27 years of age group. Nearly half (56.70 %) of them belonged to open category and half of the postgraduates hailed from the rural background. Majority (77.50%) of respondents were with medium annual family income and half (50 %) of their fathers were farmers. Majority (80.00 %) of the postgraduates had medium level of exposure to college library. While 61 per cent of them were aware of the job Veterinary Assistant Surgeon (VAS) and preferred VAS job after completion of B. V. Sc & AH. Majority (65.00 %) of the respondents had medium achievement motivation and 61.7 per cent of them were with medium level of hard work. The foremost constraints faced by the postgraduates were poor involvement of the students in learning process and lack of interest among the scholars to develop the employability skills.

The present work was formulated to evaluate the reproductive performance of Tellicherry does and the productive performance of their kids under the early weaning system. Second parity Tellicherry does aged between 2 – 2 1/2 years were divided into two groups namely treatment 1 (weaning at 90 days) and treatment 2 (weaning at 60 days) comprising of 20 does each. Reproductive parameters such as days to first estrum post kidding, days to conception post kidding, number of services per conception, and kidding interval of does were also recorded. Productive parameters such as body weight at birth, weaning, 6 months and 9 months of age, pre-weaning, post-weaning, and overall average daily gain, total biomass produced per kidding, and economics of rearing kids were recorded. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between weaning at 90 days and weaning at 60 days in terms of days to first estrum post kidding, days to conception post kidding, number of services per conception, and kidding interval. Kids born under the early weaning system and the conventional system had similar birth weights. Kids weaned early by 60 days had significantly lower (P < 0.01) weaning weight, body weight at six months, body weight at nine months, total biomass produced / kidding, pre-weaning average daily gain, post-weaning average daily gain, and overall average daily gain compared to kids weaned at 90 days. Early weaning did not improve the reproductive performance of Tellicherry does and had a negative impact on the productive performance of kids.