The present study was conducted during the period from September 2015 untilApril 2016. 100 fecal samples was collected from goats to diagnosis ofcryptosporidium parasite from different regions in AL-Qadisiya province and thestudy designed to evaluate the microscopic features of the parasite.The results ofmicroscopic examination showed that the oocyst of parasite appearedoval-shaped orspherical objects with a color dark pink, or red on a blue ground ,21(21%) goats out100cases were positivewith significant differences at level (P < 0.05) The resultsshowed that the highest rate of infection (31.5%) were observed in the ages (6-12)year respectively, while the lowest rate of infection (11.1%) that was observed in theages (1-3) year . There are effects of the sex in the infection in goats. The highestrates of infection (33.3 %) were seen in December and lowest rate (8.3%) wereobserved in September , while the other months, showed different results, withsignificant differences at (P < 0.05) From the results , it was observed that the rate ofinfection in different study area were relatively close ,and ranged between (18.7-23.3%) , so there has been non- significant differences at level (P > 0.05)and using ofocular micrometer for determination of length and width of oocyststhat showedthemeasurement from (4.5-5)μm .

Granulomas are masses of tissue reaction resulted as well from of infection, inflammation or presence of foreign bodies. The present study was conducted to investigate the gross and histopathological features of granulomas of unknown etiology.Twenty seven cases of granulomas were collected from the lung of sheep and goats. The gross lesions of granulomas were small to large nodules, white to gray in color, and hard in palpation. Histopathologically, all granulomas were undergone caseous necrosis which surrounded by inflammatory zone and most importantly presence of multinucleated giant cells. This study differentiates the granulomas from other lung lesions based on gross and histopathological finding.

Lactobacillus plantarum IRQ12 was isolated from local pickle producing from Cucumis sativus submerged in 5% salt solution for one week far from sun light, selective media was used for isolation and activation process which was MRS broth and MRS agar, biochemical tests like catalase, nitrate reducing, productive gas, citrate consumption, produced ammonia from arginine, produced indole from tryptophan, fluid gelatin, ability of growth in 15, 45 °C, carbohydrates fermentation test, were carried out. DNA of bacteria was extracted by DNA extraction kit, identification by 16S rDNA gene. the local strain tolerance ability was investigated for different levels of pH 4, 3, 2 and 1.5 for 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours, log cfu/ml at pH 4 after 3 hours of treatment was 7.83 and at pH 3 the log cfu/ml decrease to 6.8 after 3 hours of treatment. The log cfu/ml was decreased to 5.76 and 5.05 at pH 2 and 1.5 respectively after 3 hours of treatment.

In order to investigate the histopathological features of ovine intestinal adenomas, the study achieved in 27 macroscopically suspected intestinal adenomas of sheep aged between 2-3 years, which diagnosed in Basrah abattoir, the intestines of slaughtered sheep were fixed and processed for light microscopy. The histopathological results showed multiple stages of neoplastic differentiation, mainly circumscribed areas suggesting adenomatous form by proliferating mucous glands in sub mucosal region of colon of varying sizes, some of which with clear proliferating hypertrophic and hyperplastic epithelial lining with area of angiogenesis and hemorrhage around them. Morever, the results showed circumscribed areas of adenomatous glandular structures enclosed by superficial mucosal epithelium and in sub mucosal region of rectum. It had been concluded that the ovine intestinal adenomas showed a degree of differentiation in mid aged sheep (2-3 years old aged) that may resembles other adenomatous intestinal lesions reported in more older age of others domestic animals.

The aim of present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of some medicinal plants{ pomegranate peel (Punicagranatum) , oak trunks (Quercusacuta),thyme fruit(Thymus vulgaris )andCinnamon tree cortex (Cinnamomumzeylanicum)}at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from fecal samples of domestic chickens (suffering from signs of enteritis infection) and compared their activity with effectiveness of standard reference antibiotics used in this study and by measuring the zones of inhibition produced around the holes after incubation on Muller-Hinton agar. The results exhibited variable susceptibility of tested microorganisms for different concentration of extracts. In present study, the activity of most these medicinal plants extracts was associated with high concentrations. The results showed ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme and Cinnamon as well as,ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel, oak exhibited significant effectiveness against E.coli isolates while, same isolates werethe more resistant bacteria for chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel and oak. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of oak andCinnamon showed good antibacterial activity against salmonella Typhimuriumisolates, except ethanolic extract of oak at concentration 50 mg/mldid not show any antibacterial activity againstSalmonella Typhimurium isolates.Ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme as well as, ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel showed moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimuriumisolates while;chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel did not show any antibacterial activity against same isolates. In this study, the standard antibiotics (nalidixic acid, lincomycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and novobiocin) showed low effective in inhibition the growth of E.coli andSalmonella typhimurium isolates while,cephalothin showed no effect in inhibition against the growth of the tested organisms.

The study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of Medetomidine and Tramadol in rabbits, to detect the best dose (as onset and duration) for antinociceptive in this model, also evaluate the antinociceptive effect as sedative doses in these drugs as a mixture by using electrical stimulator. Administration of Medetomidine alone at 200 µgkg B.W. (I.M) and Tramadol alone at 2 mg kg B.W. (I.P) were the best doses for relief pain induced by electrical stimuli. There was increased in the voltage change for pain ( 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 minutes) in comparison with control and other doses for each drug. Administration of Medetomidine at 50 µg kg B.W. (I.M) with Tramadol at 0.5 mg kg B.W. I.P) significantly referred to synergism of the antinociceptive effect which induced analgesia in 100 % of the rabbits in comparison with other groups for each drug alone (at the same analgesic doses) without any overt side effects and without differences in glucose, glutathione, ALT and AST level in animals. The data of this study demonstrated the mixture of Medetomidine and Tramadol at low doses (subanalgesic doses) had a typical synergistic effect (super-additive) for inducing good and safe analgesia as well as its skeletal muscle relaxation in rabbits.

The research includes superficial taxonomic study of the horse fly family Tabanidae in the Province of Basrah / South of Iraq , according to the seven districts of the province , There are Al-Mdainah , Al-Qurnah , Shatt Alarab, Abu Al-Khasib, Al-Zubair , Al-Fao and Basrah center . The Results of the study were showed recording three species for the first time in Iraq back to the three genera , and were Haematopota subcylindrica , Atylotus agricola and Hybomitra peculiaris .

The Providencia rettgeri (P.rettgeri) is an opportunistic pathogen of human and animals and has a clinical importance as a nosocomial pathogen causing infections in the urinary system after catheterization and in immunocompromised patients less than human feces, bile and sputum. To estimati the pathogenic role of P.rettgeri in mice post-infection intraperitonial infection (I/P). thirty mice from both sexes, aged 6-7 weeks and weight 25-30 gm. were infected I/P by a whole bacterial suspension of P.rettgeri 0.5 ml (containing 1x108 CFU/ml), the negative control group injected I/P with (0.5 ml) PBS,five mice were sacrificed after (24, 48hrs. and 4,7 and 14 days) post-inoculation, also (n=5) were considered as negative control group, for histopathological examination. The histopathological changes at 24,48hrs until 4 days; recorded mild to moderate acute inflammatory cells reaction, edema, fibrinous exudate. At 7&14 days there was also necrosis and focal aggregation of mononuclear cells. Strong pathogenic role of P.rettegri in induction acute inflammatory response in experimental lab mice.

The study was performed on twelve white rats of approximately of the same body weight ( 200-220 gms) divided equally in to 3 groups ; The first group(T1) was received mercury chloride ( 1mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days). While the second group (T2) was received mercury chloride (1.5mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days).Third group was received only0.2ml of Distilled water as control group. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and small pieces of livers had been collected for genetic experiment. Also small specimens (2cm³) were taken from livers and kidneys to histopathology. The genetic experiment was showed that the T1 group demonstrated non-significant increase in p53 mRNA gene expression levels as compared with the control group, while the group T2 showed significant increase (p

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy toxic metal, with harmful effects on animals and public health. Recently the risk of cadmium toxicity is substantially regarded. Therefore the present study was performed to clarify the effects of acute cadmium toxicity in sheep with using alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant agent. Fifteen male lambs 5 - 7 months old were divided equally in to three groups, they were supplied with ordinary diet and provided with water ad-lib, The first group (I) was administered a single dose of CdCl2 3 mg/kg.bw subcutaneously (S/C), the second group(II) was injected with the same dose of CdCl2 and via by the same route, and then simultaneously administered an alpha lipoic acid 50 mg/kg.B.W intramuscularly, the later drug was repeated after 12 hours via the same route also. The third group (III) was left as control and given normal saline (S/C). Resulted revealed a significant decrease (P