The current study investigated the comparison of the biochemical composition of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. which collected from four different sources in Basrah city; Shatt Al-Arab river at Abul- Khasib by using gill nets, earthen ponds at the University of Basrah campus, fish cages at Al-Hartha district and cooled fish imported from the Islamic Republic of Iran. Fifty specimens of each fish source were selected for analysis, half of which was stored with ice for up to ١٠days. The results indicated that higher moisture content 78.2% was in the muscular tissues of Shatt Al-Arab fish. Highest fat content 11.9% was recorded in imported fish, highest protein 18.17% and ash 2.29% were measured in fresh pond fish. Caloric value of the examined fish showed variations between fresh and iced fish where the highest value 165.62 Kcal/ 100 gm was recorded in fresh cage fish

Infectious bronchitis threatens the poultry industry throughout the world, The control of IB of the big problems in the world because of the wide variations in serotypes and development in the virulence of strains from time to time, and nature is very contagious, the rapid evolution in the specific tissue tropism and recombinants because of the synchronization of infection with different virus types and the use of live vaccines.found that the IB virus which is isolated from the recent outbreak is the same serotype but the difference genotype compared with the strains of current vaccine. Previous studies have indicated that the broiler vaccination with inactivated vaccines showed significantly less virus shed if challenge with the homologous vaccines (same genotype viruses) as compared with birds that vaccination genetically heterologous vaccines. The current study compared the extent of protection resulting from vaccination with live Commercial vaccines(Volvac® IB Mass MLV, Poulvac® IB Primer (D274), Avipro® IB M48 and mixed vaccine from (Volvac®, Poulvac® and Avipro®)). Vaccinates werechallenged with virulent field isolate (Variant2) strain. Weekly post-vaccination, collected serum for analytical knowledge of the amount of antibodies using hemagglutiation inhibition test against all vaccine antigens used in the experiment after challenge with field virulent (Variant2 isolate), examine the birds daily to monitor the morbidity and mortality rates in selected periods for shedding virus by real time PCRto detect and quantitate the IBV viral copy number from clinical samples.After challenge with (Variant2) birdsvaccinated with mixed vaccine revealed less shedding virus compared to (Volvac®, Poulvac® and Avipro®)- vaccinated birdsboth separately.Genotypic differences between the vaccines and the challenge virus do not reduce the ability of vaccines to protect against the disease, but genotypic similarities reduce the virus shed and limiting its spread. The use of same249 genetically advanced vaccines and expected to provide the best protection against the challenge with virulent field IB strains and limit the spread of poultry farming

The study was included 90 local cows from Al-Rashidea area which locates in the east of Baghdad city, distributed into three groups, the smallest aged group (30) cows (1.5-2 ) years, middle aged group (30) cows (5.5-7) years and the older aged group (30) cows (11-13) years to study the effect progressing of age on some biochemical Criterias as indicators of oxidative stress. The results revealed that the antioxidant enzymes, Glutathione -S-transferase GST was increased significantly (p

This study was conducted during June 2016 to May 2017, to determine the morphological characteristics of stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans L. ,and studying some ecological aspects. These studies of stable flies are being conducted for the first time in Iraq.The morphological diagnosis of Stomoxys calcitrans: Frontal vitta with black pollinose, yellow around ocellar triangle, parafrontalia golden, parafacialia grayish black. Thorax gray to yellowish pollinose, Pleura yellow; sternites dark brown to black, Legs black, Wing tinged smoky-brown. Abdomen gray to yellowish; dorsum with four brownish pollinose spots, at least 3 abdominal segments with a single median spot basally and pair of spots at apex of each segment. Female identical to male in color and structure except for wider frontal vitta, frontal triangle with golden pollinosity extending almost to frontal ridge, setae on head somewhat stouter than in male, Interocular space wide in females, narrower in males by about half the distance of separation in females. A total of 470 flies were collected in this study. The results showed, some variations of monthly abundance were determined during the study period, four different climatic seasons. In general, stable flies were found to be more abundant in the moderate climates period of the year. April was the highest abundance with 18.7%, while, no presence recorded in January and December. Some observations showed that stable flies were found in the field in different periods of the day, beginning from 06:00 to 18:00 hr.,but these are periods that are considered the peak of its presence of other seasons during the year. Both sexes of S. calcitrans showed the same peak of activity in the day108 nearly. The field observations showed that Stomoxys calcitrans adults attack many economic and domesticated animals in Basrah province.Cattle are the most, followed by buffaloes, dogs, horses, cats, camels, donkeys than sheep, goats and rabbits

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentration, as well as the clinical signs that may be occur due to the Zinc and copper deficiency, in addition to the effect the two trace elements levels on the hematological levels, oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant levels glutathione and Catalase (CAT). This study carried out in Basra province, the study conducted on (75) sheep (male and female). About 60 sheep clinically have from zinc and copper deficiency (hypozincemia) and 15 clinically apparently healthy served as a control group. The clinical signs occur due to the tow trace elements deficiency include: loss of appetite, depression, pica, repeatedly bites off the wool of other sheep, loss of the wool, loss of hair around the eyes, ear and nose, alopecia, parakeratosis, stiff in gait and some animals suffering from diarrhea, pale of the mucous membrane, decrease the rumenal contraction, and significant (P

A pesticide diazinon is a widely used and easily available in the world so, the general health risks of this compound for environment, human and animals were investigated with emphasis on histopathological effects by oral gavage Sixteen adults laboratory rats from tow sex with diazinon solution for about six weeks. The animals were divided into two groups with (8)animal in each group. The control group was given orally distill water, while the experimental group was given high dose of diazinon 10mg/ml for the first three weeks and up to 20mg/ml for the last three weeks. The most important histopathological changes observed in the internal organs(liver,kidney,heart muscle, lung, stomach and nervous tissue) of the experimental rat include congestion,degeneration, fibrosis, necrosis, vaculation and edema in compared with the control animals .

One of an ecological hazardous agent Chromium; Cr (VI), The present experiment in vitro design to examine the mechanism of Leydig cell functions of Cr (VI) in ram testis, Cr (VI) treated groups demising cell growth behavior of exponential phase was upset of feeding time to Leydig cell in a dose-dependent manner, and induced mitochondria-dependent ATP depletion and subsequently apoptosis. Cr (VI) effect may be attributed, at least in part to DNA fragmentation increase DNA tail number and tail length of COMET as compared with control group. Furthermore, the properties of cell-specific regulation of cell membrane integrity had reduced and determinant cell concentration drop an.d reflected on the testosterone concentration were decreased as concentration-dependent manner, In conclusion, our results display the Cr (VI) is cytotoxic and impairs both viability and steroidogenic functions of Leydig cells in ram testis via actually different pathway direct affecting of viability and indirect on steroidogenic activity, succeeding in testicular performance. However, the definite modes of action of harmfulness are not evidently unknown and must be rechecked and studied in a different aspect

The main aim of present study was to identify the seroprevalence of N. caninum infections in cattle of some districts in Wasit province using a serological test (indirectELISA), and confirmation of seropositive results by a molecular PCR. In this study, the blood samples and epidemiological required data were collected from 327 animals during a period of September 2015 to May 2016. The overall results were revealed that 27.22% and 12.36% of study’s cattle were positives with indirect ELISA and PCR, respectively. Regarding to the epidemiological risk factors submitted for this study; the prevalence of seropositive rates was reported a statistically variable results. Among district factor, the seropositive results were 36.28%, 27.88%, 17.31% and 26.53% in Al-Azizyah, AlNumaniyah, Al-Kut and Al-Hay districts, respectively. According to age factor, it was 18.58% and 31.78% in  3 years and  3years groups, respectively; while in sex factor, males were reported 24.53% and females 27.74%. Relating to reproductive statement factor, the positive infections were 30.99% and 21.97% in aborted and non-aborted cows, respectively. Whereas in productivity nature factor; it was 38.24% and 19.37% in dairy and beef cattle, respectively.

E.colican be assigned to one of the four main phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D, which can be divided into seven and then into subgroups: A0, A1, B1, B22, B23, D1, and D2, in addition group B1can be divided into subgroups B11 and B12, using multiplex PCR according to the presence/absence or combinationof the three phylogeny genetic markers chuA, yjaA and DNA fragment TspE4.C2.In the currentstudy atotal of 30E. coli isolates were obtained from clinical and subclinical samples from mastitis in cows, sheeps and goats by standard bacteriological methods. Results found that the most isolates of E. coli belong to the phylogeny groups A and B1. Group Aincluded (14 isolates, 46.7%) belonged to subgroup A0 about (6 isolates, 20.0%), and (8 isolates, 26.7%) to A1 subgroup. On the other hand results showed group B1 composed (14 isolates, 46.7%). Group B1 can be also classified into subgroups B11 included (8 isolates, 26.7%) and B12 about (6 isolates, 20.0%). In addition our results showed (1 isolate, 3.3%), assigned to B2 belonged to subgroup B23 and (1 isolate, 3.3%), fitted in D belonged to subgroup D1. No isolates were found to belong to subgroups B22 and D2. Phylogeny pedigree was done according to the data recovered previously. This study explains that the distributions of E. coli isolates in phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) varied depending on the climatic zone and environmental factors such as dietary, climatic conditions and geographic.