The current study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine, university of basrah in the periods extended from 22/10/2016 to 22/1/2017. The present study is designed to report the toxic effects of digoxin on kidney histologically and biochemically by measuring kidney parameters urea and creatinine level in the serum. Maximum toxic dose determined by using 2 rats dosed orally until clinical signs of toxicity became prominent at 30mg for each rat and considered as MTD. The chronic toxicity study was carried out on 48 adult rats divided into 4 groups. Control (G1) receive distilled water, Low dose (G2) dosed with 1/20 MTD(1.5mg/kg) digoxin, Intermediate dose (G3) dosed with 1/10 MTD(3mg/kg) digoxin and High dose (G4) dosed with 1/5 MTD(6mg/kg) digoxin by oral gavage for 90 days. At the end of experiments all animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for estimation of biochemical parameters of rat. Result reveals histopathological changes presented as dilation/vaccuolation of renal tubules and atrophy of glomeruli. There is a significant (P≤0.05) increase in serum urea and creatinine level in high dose (G4) group when compared with other study group. We conclude that high dose digoxin has toxic effect on renal tissue and lead to their damage.

This study was conducted to identify the erythromycin resistance genes in the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and its molecular characterization after isolating the bacteria from the samples of domestic animals and their products during the period from September 2016 to March 2017 from different areas in Basra city. 200 samples were collected from animals including: 40 samples from meat, 50 samples from raw milk, 30 samples from treated milk, 40 samples from cow's nasal swabs and 40 samples from cow's teat swabs. Results showed that from 200 collected samples only 108 were CoNS distributed in 22(15.1%), 18(12.4%),10(6.8%), 26(17.9%),32(22%), from meat, raw milk, treated milk, nasal swabs and teat swabs respectively. Samples were planted on the selecting mannitol salt medium to isolate Staphylococcus spp. which had the ability to grow on the mentioned medium. When the coagulation test was performed, some isolates were not able to produce the coagulation enzyme, and the results showed that 108 isolates were coagulase negative (54%). Twenty-two isolates of minced meat 55%, 18 isolates of cow's milk (36%), 10 isolates of milk sold (33%), 26 isolates of the nose of the animal (65%) and 32 isolates of animal teat swabs (80%). Twenty-five isolates of these negative staphylococci were identified using VITEK 2 kit. The result showed that 10(40%) isolates identified as coagulase negative Staphylococcus and fall in87 four species including 4 (40%) Staphylococcus lentus, 4 (40%) Staphylococcus gallinarum, 1 (10%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 1 (10%) Staphylococcus chromogen. When the ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA genes were investigated by PCR the result showed that they contain the genes in a percentage 5%, 20%, 20% and 5% respectively. By using the multiplex PCR molecular weight technique (ermA, ermC) and (msrA, ermC), the ratio of both genes was 15% and 5% respectively.

The present study aimed to determine the potential toxic effects of Nizoral through oral administration on some of blood and biochemical parameters of laboratory rabbits . Eighteen of local normal rabbits were used in the present study . The animal divided randomly to three group ( six animal in each ) .Group one ( control ) the animal treated normal saline .Group two the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 20 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. Group three the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 40 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. The investigation included body weight gains (BW) , some blood parameters like red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration(Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell count(WBC) . Biochemical parameters included total serum alan in aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hormones testosterone concentration ,and semen characteristics .The results showed reduced in BW. R.B.C count ,Hb concentrations PCV value were reduced gradually but not reach a significantly . Total W.B.C count lymphocyte and monocyte appeared a significant decrease(p≤0.05) ,but neutrophils showed a significant increase (p≤0.05).The biochemical study refers to a significant increase (p≤0.05) in ALT,AST and a significant decrease(p≤0.05) in hormones testosterone concentration.The testes and epididymis appeared absences of sperms .

Brucellosis an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify Brucella spp in apparently healthy cow and goat raw milk samples by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. A total of 75 cow milk samples(55 direct and 20 indirect) and 50 goat milk samples were examined by PCR. To establish a PCR protocol for diagnosis of brucellosis, DNA was extracted from the milk samples by using a commercial kit. PCR amplification was done for detection of Brucella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. The PCR assay showed that an amplicon of 223 bp was obtained in 28% (21/75) and 8% (4/50) samples of cow and goat tested milk using primers (B4/B5) derived from aBCSP31gene encoding the 31-kDa Brucella abortus antigen. In another PCR, an amplicon of 498 bp was obtained in 100% (21/21) of the brucella genus BCSP31-PCR positive cow milk samples using Brucella abortus-specific primers derived from a locus adjacent to the 3’-end of IS711, and also an amplicon of 731 bp was produced in 100% (8/8) of the BCSP31-PCR positive goat milk samples using Brucella melitensis-specific primers.PCR positive results for brucella genus and brucella abortus species were observed in all (100%) cow,s milk samples(n=11) with clinical history of abortion.As a single PCR product, no B. abortus was detected in goat milk samples alsoB. Melitensis was not detected in cow milk samples

Polysaccharide was extracted from the leaves of (Molokhia) Jew’s-mallow by hotwater extraction using trichloro acetic acid(TCA) to removal of protein from the polysaccharide ,precipitation with ethanol, and obtained a polysaccharide yield from 4.2% based on wet weight source. The biochemical composition of the polysaccharide contains total carbohydrate,sulfateandprotein77.6%, 8.6%, 0.63%, respectively. Phytochemical tests were carried out for polysaccharide. The previous studies indicated the presence of glycoside, phenol and tannin in polysaccharide from Jew’smallow. However, the presence of both alkaloids and saponins was not observed .The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis of the polysaccharides consist of carboxyls and sulfate groups.The anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays with respect to heparin The results obtained by APTT assay, through the increase in coagulation time, the increase in blood coagulation time with increased polysaccharide concentration, the 100 μg/ml polysaccharide concentration had the longest time of 210Sce and was compatible with the concentration of1000 (IU/ ml) of heparin.However the time of PT did not have any apparent effectiveness in increasing the time of coagulation at all concentration compared with heparin.

In the current study demonstrated the role of irradiation with stimulate the cells on division and accelerate of spermatogenesis in mice testis following low –level laser therapy and anti-inflammatory process. Twenty -eight healthy male and female mice .They were maintained in individual cages with free access to water and a pellet balanced commercial diet for mice . All animals have been weighing by using sensitive balance and the mean body of mice (25+_5 gm) . The stages of Q-S Switch Nd:YAG laser set-up with 632 nm 10 ns of pulse duration and 10 Hz of frequency to get a dose or energy density were : 1-set a single pulse on Q-Switch Nd:YAG laser using control panel with repetition rate of 10 Hz . Mice were irradiated to testes a 670 nm with intensity 4 J/cm2 /day .for seven days .But mice of control group without exposure any laser

The present study investigated the presence of bla-VIM1in clinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. During the period from November 2017 to February 2018,a total of two hundred patients admitted to (Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Al-KaramaTeaching Hospital and Al-Kut Hospital for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics) inWasit province. One hundred and three of isolates were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa.High prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolates were detected in burn swab samples 70(35%) followed by sputum 12 (6%) and ear 11 (5.5%). All 103 P. aeruginosa isolateswere primarily screened for carbapenems - resistance, 36 (34.95%) were resistant tocarbapenems. Carbapenems resistant isolates were underwent antimicrobialsusceptibility to 14 antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Thephenotypic and molecular methods of carbapenem resistance were investigated.Carbapenems resistant isolates were identified by the Double disc synergy test, whichdetects the probability of isolates able to produce Metallo-beta- lactamases (MBL).Out of the isolates 32 (88.89%)were positive. Imipenem-EDTA combined diskmethod showed 30 (83.33%) of isolates possessed ability to produce the Metallobeta-lactamases. In addition , the Modified Hodge test (MHT) showed the ability ofisolates to produce Carbapenemases enzyme. 16 (44.44%) of the isolates werepositive to Modified Hodge test. Carbapenemase gene were detected by PCRtechnique. The results demonstrated that out of 36 carbapenems resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates 34 (94.44%) were positive to bla-VIM1gene.

Water salinity represents the most difficult challenge facing the livestock in Basrah province,therefore, twelve dairy cattle obtained from Farm of College of veterinary Medicine \Universityof Basrah. These animals were included and administrated salt water for 60 days with regularfeed supplementation and then administrated pure water(R-O) for another 60 days. All clinicalsigns were recorded during the study period and the blood sample was collected from cows inboth cases. Sodium, Sulphur and total antioxidant capacity values were measured. Four milkingcows were dead during the period of study as a result of high water salinity. Serum sodium andsulfate values were rise significantly when compared with the period of drinking pure waterwhile the effectiveness of total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in dairy cows drinksalt water. This study investigated the deleterious effect of sodium and sulfate rises on total antioxidantcapacity in dairy cows.

In the present study, 135 samples were collected from different animal's including:75 samples were from milk and 60 samples were from cheese, 54 (40%) sample were foundto be harbored with Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of S. aureus isolates was 50% inbuffalo's cheese, 40.54% in buffalo's milk, 36.8% in cow's milk, and 33.33% in cow'scheese. 100% strains were Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus. The antibioticsensitivity test was determined against 8 common antibiotics by the agar disc diffusionmethod on Muller-Hinton agar. These antibiotics were amoxicillin (25mcg), ampicillin(10mcg), Oxacillin (1mcg), chloramphenicol (30mcg), erythromycin (15mcg), gentamycin(10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), and tetracycline (30mcg). S. aureus strains were screened byPCR for 16S rRNA and nuc genes. 49 out of 54 S. aureus isolates were yielded productswith molecular weight approximately (228 bp) corresponding to 16S rRNA gene, 42 out of54 isolates were give products with molecular weight approximately (270bp) correspondingto nuc gene, 22 and 4 out of 30 S. aureus isolates were give products with molecular weightapproximately (310bp and 509bp) corresponding to mecA and femA genes, respectively.

Mastitis is affects the mammary gland tissue and is accompanied by chemical,physical and bacterial changes in milk. There are several bacterial pathogens thatcause mastitis which differs in its effect on the glandular tissue of the udder. Thecurrent study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ofBasrah, in order to determine the effect of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureusand the extent of the disease importance events to determine the blood parameters,including the total number of red blood cells, the total number of white blood cells,hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume in infected with buffalo Mastitis incomparison to non-infected animals, which were considered a control group. A totalof (75) milk samples from mastitis infected buffalo were collected from different siteof northern of Basra, only twenty five isolates (33.3%) characterized asStaphylococcus aureus by conventional biochemical tests. The study showed asignificant increase in white blood cells, and liver enzymes (AST&ALT), whilesignificant decrease in red blood cell count as well as total cholesterol and differenceswere observed in total protein when compared with non-infected animals group.