In recent years, investigations have been carried out to improve the functional value of meat products through the introduction of dietary fibre (DF). The addition of dietary fibre in meat products contributes to the fabrication of products that enhance physiological functions. The present study was conducted to fortify chicken meatballs with Oats (Avena sativa) and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) as a source of dietary fibre. Oat flour and cabbage were incorporated at the levels of 1.5 %, 2.5 % and 3.5 % (w/w) for the preparation of meatballs. Moisture content, product pH, emulsion stability and technological properties like cooking yield, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of the final product were studied. The results revealed that cooking yield increased on the addition of oat flour and cabbage (p≤0.05). There was no significant change in product pH, and in sensory attributes at the level of 2.5% incorporation. Overall technological properties and sensorial analysis of these products were found to be higher than control. Thus, the inclusion of oat flour and cabbage at the level of 2.5 % to chicken meatballs had significantly increased the crude fibre from control 14.053+0.021 to 4.727±0.015% in T2, representing a l6.62% increase in fibre content, that also showed higher desirability in sensorial analysis.

A 3 year old Spitz- Pomeranian mixed breed was presented with a history of bilateral hind limb lameness and walking in abnormal gait since birth. Radiographic diagnosis revealed bilateral lateral luxation of patella with deformity of both stifles. Surgical correction of congenital deformity was done on right hind limb using the technique of trochlear wedge resection sulcoplasty (TWRS) and transposition of tibial tuberosity (TT) which showed normal weight bearing and good functional outcome on 50th post-operative day.

A two and half year old intact 19 kg female Doberman was referred to small animal medicine outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the history of lateral recumbency, dyspnoea, weight loss, inappetence, brownish diarrhoea for past 2 weeks. Clinical examination revealed fever, blanched mucous membrane, lymphadenopathy, dehydration > 5%. Hematology revealed severe anaemia, moderate thrombocytopenia and severe leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Ultrasonography evidenced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and peripheral blood smear cytology confirmed Hepatozoan canis gamonts in neutrophils. Emergency fresh whole blood transfusion was done and treatment initiated with a combination therapy including single dose of Imidocarb dipropionate @7.5 mg/kg and Doxycycline @ 10 mg PO for 28 days following which the dog showed progressive improvements.

A four month old calf weighing 69 kg was attended at door step in the position of lateral recumbency with a history of anorexia, dyspnoea and voiding coffee coloured urine. Physical examination revealed subnormal temperature, pale mucous membrane, tachycardia with haemic murmur, tachypnoea and pounding femoral pulse. Examination of the blood smear revealed Babesia bigemina and complete blood count findings were reduced haematological parameters RBC–(1.5x10 6 ), PCV–(14%) and Hb–(3.5mg/dL). Based on the clinical and laboratory findings, the case was confirmed as Babesiosis and the calf was treated with Inj. Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) @ 3.5 mg/kg deep IM, Inj. Oxytetracycline @ 22 mg /kg IV and Inj. Ferritas 3 ml I/M on day 1. Subsequently on day 2 calf was transfused with two units (700 ml) of fresh whole blood as emergency treatment with dexamethasone @ 0.2 mg/kg BW IV, Avil 0.25 mg/kg IM. The calf was completely cured on day five and day 10 blood smear was negative for Babesia bigemina.

Food bait preferences of house flies were evaluated using olfactometry bioassays. A single cage dual port glass olfactometer was used to assess preferences of house flies towards sugar, fish meal and molasses in no choice and choice bioassays. Flies were allowed into olfactometer individually, observed for five minutes. Time spent in bait port and decision chamber, number of entries into test/control port and port selected five minutes post-exposure were recorded. In the second study in a four arm acrylic olfactometer, three food baits viz., high fish meal low molasses cake, low fish meal high molasses cake and mango essence were tested In the glass olfactometer, flies showed positive response towards food baits compared to control in no choice bioassay. In choice bioassay, flies preferred fish meal than both sugar and molasses and molasses was preferred over sugar. In four arm acrylic olfactometer bioassay, 43.87, 30.96 and 25.16 per cent flies were attracted to high fish meal low molasses cake, low fish meal high molasses cake and mango essence, respectively. Results revealed that molasses and fish meal based baits can be used in housefly traps. Olfactometry bioassays were found effective in bait preference studies of house flies.

Ricinoleic acid, a toxic compound found in castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.), can be lethal when inhaled, ingested, or injected at doses of 5-10 pg/kgto human or animals. This study presents a validated, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) methodfor its quantification. Separation was achieved on silica gel 60 F254plates using a mobile phase oftoluene, ethyl acetate and acetate acid (6:4:0.2 v/v/v). Densitometric scanning at 450 nm detected ricinoleic acid with an Rfvalue of 0.66 (±0.04). Linearity was observed in the range of 20-100 ng/spot with R = 0.998 ± 2.62%.  

Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates are widely utilized insecticides, but they also pose significant risks as sources ofintoxicationfor both humans and animals. A male non-descript dog, seven years old was presented with a chronic respiratory distress, dysphonia, exercise intolerance, and neurologic signs to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VCRI, Orathanadu on April 2023. Physical examination revealed elevated rectal temperature and congested mucous membrane with elevated heart beat and respiratory rate. Thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart sound. The dog's medical history indicated a potential case of organophosphate poisoning. Treatment involved administering atropine sulfate, normal saline, ceftriaxone, and furosemide. However, throughout the treatment process, the dog continued to experience upper respiratory stridor and dyspnoea. Clinical examination and radiographic observations confirmed the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis. This case highlights the occurrence of laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy complex in a canine affected by organophosphate poisoning.

Mastitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition in the mammary gland of dairy cattle, is primarily caused by bacterial infections and results in reduced milk   production and quality. There are two main types of mastitis: clinical and subclinical. Clinical mastitis is visible through symptoms such as swelling, redness, and abnormal milk secretion, while subclinical mastitis lacks visible signs but still impacts milk production and quality. The economic and health impacts of mastitis in cattle are profound, leading to reduced milk yield, increased veterinary costs, and potential culling of affected animals, contributing to substantial financial losses in the dairy industry. Traditionally, mastitis has been detected through clinical observation, somatic cell count (SCC) analysis, and microbiological tests. However, early detection, especially of subclinical cases, remains challenging. Infrared thermography (IRT) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive tool for early mastitis detection by capturing temperature variations in the udder caused by inflammation. IRT enables the identification of heat patterns associated with infections before clinical signs are visible. This study investigates the potential of IRT as a reliable and cost-effective method for early detection of mastitis in cattle, contributing to  improved  animal  health  and  reduced  economic  losses  for  dairy  farmers

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is raising public health concerns globally and random use of ineffective antibiotics in dogs creates great trouble during therapeutic interventions. Antibiogram determines the antibiotics to which a particular microorganism is susceptible, allowing clinicians to select the most effective treatment. This approach ensures use of antibiotics judiciously and in proper doses, helping to curb the development of resistant strains. Antibiogram studies were performed in 12 dogs affected with open and closed-cervix pyometra. Group I contained six dogs with open- cervix pyometra and Group II contained six dogs with closed-cervix pyometra. All the dogs were treated with mifepristone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight twice daily for five days orally and from third day onwards, after ensuring the cervical patency, cloprostenol was administered @ 5 μg/kg body weight subcutaneously as once daily injection, on every third day, till complete emptying of uterus, as evaluated by ultrasonography. Bacterial isolation and antibiogram studies were carried out using sterile anterior vaginal swabs collected from the affected dogs on the day of presentation in Group I and once the discharge was started in Group II. Gram’s reaction revealed mixed isolates in eight out of 12 samples collected. Gram negative bacilli were the predominant isolate obtained from both the groups. On antibiogram studies, maximum sensitivity in Group I isolates was noticed to ceftriaxone-sulbactam (66.67%), followed by gentamicin (50%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (50%), amoxicillin (33.33%), ciprofloxacin (33.33%), cefotaxime (33.33%), co- trimoxazole (33.33%), metronidazole (33.33%) and enrofloxacin (16.67%). Maximum sensitivity in Group II was noticed to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and gentamicin (83.33%) followed by ciprofloxacin and metronidazole (50%), cefotaxime (33.33%), amoxicillin (16.67%), ceftriaxone-sulbactam (16.67%), co-trimoxazole (16.67%), enrofloxacin (16.67%).

Shrikhand is a traditional fermented dairy product with added nutritional profile. The present study encompasses on analyzing the functional properties viz. phenolic content, antioxidant activity, microbial quality and calorific value of functional shrikhand incorporated with orange fruit peel extract. The statistical analysis inferred that extracts of orange contained phenolic content in the range of 7.78±0.36 to 16.25±0.94 mg/g during storage. The ethanol extracts incorporated functional shrikhand presented higher antioxidant activity (17.74 to 34.25%) than that of aqueous extracts (14.35 to 33.64%) of orange peel. On further comparison, the dried fruit peel extracts offered more TPC and antioxidant activity (16.25±0.94 to 10.85±0.21 and 34.25±0.05 to 22.80±0.31%) than fresh fruit peel extracts (15.85±0.39 to 7.78±0.36 and 28.58±0.15 to 14.35±1.09) respectively. The orange fruit peel incorporated functional shrikhand can be stored up to 15 days at 5°C without affecting the overall sensory acceptability with enhanced antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and it could be used as dairy supplement in human diet.