Recently calved Jersey crossbred primiparous cow was presented with history of in appetence and scanty voiding of dung for past 3 days. On physical examination vital parameters were within normal range. On per rectal examination, there was distended caecum from the pelvic inlet which extended cranially. Per rectal examination revealed distension of caecum which was extended cranially. Simultaneous auscultation and percussion on the right upper flank revealed clear metallic ping sound which extended up to 11th intercostal space on first day. Transabdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed thick semicircular echogenic caecal wall and contents on mid upper flank, extended up to 11th intercostal space. Bethanechol 0.07 mg/kg SID orally along with parenteral fluid therapy was given for 3 days. On fourth day after initiation of therapy the animal voided dung normally and recovered uneventfully.

A nine months male cat was presented with the history of itching and scratching over the face, ears and forelimb since a month. On physical examination alopecia, scales, crusty, thick, wrinkled and leathery lesions were found on the face and ears. All the vitals were within the normal range. Microscopic examination of the skin scrapping revealed Notoedres cati. Further history also revealed the presence of pruritus and cutaneous lesions on the shoulder and arm region of the owner. The cat was treated with Inj.Ivermectin @200 µg/kg along with topical application of sulphur (10%).

Ranula rarely resolve without surgery and marsupialisation is easily applicable technique to manage sublingual salivary mucocele. A two year old male German shepherd dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of swelling on ventral aspect of the tongue for the past one and half month. The fine needle aspiration cytology revealed macrophages mixed with coccobacillary clumps, haematobiochemical parameters were within the physiological range. Based on the clinical signs, the case was diagnosed as ranula. Under atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride premedication, induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and diazepam followed by isoflurane maintenance, marsupialization was done.  Postoperatively, the animal was treated with broad spectrum antibiotic and antiinflammatory drugs for five days, and the animal recovered uneventfully after 15 days.

The quality and quantity of wool production is a function of number and type of wool follicles. Hence a study was conducted to evaluate the follicular characteristics of corriedale sheep, a dual purpose breed established well in the temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir valley. Skin samples of corriedale sheep were collected ethically from different body regions viz; neck, shoulder, thorax, flank and back of both sexes and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The samples were processed for histomorphlogy. Primary and secondary follicle density and their diameter was recorded. Secondary to primary follicle ratio was also calculated. The study revealed the difference in the follicular density and S/P follicle ratio between the sexes as well as between the body regions. In general, the follicle density and S/P ratio was found higher in the flank and thorax region respectively. Evaluation of the follicular profile at flank and thorax during early period will serve as a reliable predictor for the wool yield and quality. 

The carcass characteristics of indigenous Siruvidai chicken were evaluated by sacrificing eight birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The results revealed that the mean pre-slaughter weight, New York dressed yield (%), eviscerated carcass yield (%) and ready to cook yield (%) in males (1006.98±10.87 g, 90.50±0.14, 65.11±0.40 and 70.83±0.42 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (825.21±5.90 g, 88.85±0.09, 62.77±0.33 and 68.41±0.34 %, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 916.10±24.22 g, 89.67±0.23, 63.94±0.39 and 69.62±0.41 %, respectively. The mean blood loss and feather loss percentage were significantly (P<0.01) higher in females (4.28±0.05 and 6.87±0.08 %) than males (3.55±0.03 and 5.95±0.13 %) with the overall mean of 3.92±0.09 and 6.41±0.14 %, respectively. The giblets, gizzard, heart and liver yield of males (5.60±0.02, 2.33±0.01, 0.39±0.01 and 2.88±0.01 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than females (5.80±0.03, 2.42±0.01, 0.42±0.01 and 2.96±0.01 % respectively) with overall mean of 5.70±0.02, 2.38±0.01, 0.41±0.01and 2.92±0.01 %, respectively. The neck, back, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick yield percentage and meat-bone ratio of Siruvidai males (6.07±0.02, 22.60±0.18, 22.51±0.06, 12.16±0.21, 17.13±0.17, 15.21±0.17 % and 0.99) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (5.88±0.04, 19.91±0.21, 21.50±0.16, 11.53±0.18, 15.16±0.21, 13.43±0.39 % and 0.90, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 5.98±0.03, 21.26±0.37, 22.01±0.15, 11.85±0.16, 16.15±0.28, 14.32±0.31 % and 0.95, respectively. The results of the present study provided base line information about the carcass traits of indigenous Siruvidai chicken ecotype under farm conditions.

An outbreak of pasteurellosis was recorded in a local Japanese quail farm in Tamil Nadu with a flock capacity of 20,000 birds per batch. Mortality was reported in new arrival of 2000 birds of 14 week old quails. Mortality was recorded to be increasing from third day to 10th day of arrival with a total mortality of 410 birds at the rate of 20 birds per day for three consecutive days and 30 to 60 for seven consecutive days with the history of depression, ruffled feathers, discharge of mucous from the mouth and nostrils, anorexia, diarrhoea and respiratory distress. Necropsy was performed on dead birds which revealed numerous greyish necrotic foci scattered on the entire parenchyma of the liver on gross examination. Heart showed petechial haemorrhages on the pericardium while other organs namely kidney, intestine, spleen and lungs showed only congestion. Impression smear of the liver revealed presence of bipolar organisms on microscopic examination. Cultural examination of heart blood swab and PCR assay carried out on liver tissues confirmed the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Based on the postmortem examination and laboratory findings, diagnosis was confirmed as pasteurellosis and all the other ailing birds were treated with enrofloxacin orally @ 5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The treated birds became active with normal feeding habits after 10 days of treatment. 

Mammary tumours are considered as the most important neoplasms in dogs especially in sexually intact female dogs. Prognosis is directly associated with various factors such as tumour size, metastases, involvement of lymph node, tumour type and grade. Recently, tumour microenvironment (TME) has gained huge importance and proved to be a key regulator of breast cancer's biologic behaviour, according to mounting data. The capacity of extracellular matrix components like collagen to alter their intrinsic structure and alignment aids in tumour invasion and metastasis. We present a case study of 25 canine mammary tumours (CMTs), where the stroma associated with the malignancy was specifically considered while histomorphologically analysing the tumours. The majority of the tumours were malignant (96 per cent) and one was identified to be benign. Simple carcinomas made up the majority of tumours, followed by mixed types. Cancer associated stroma was assessed by routine H and E staining and additionally by performing immunohistochemistry technique with anti-cytokeratin antibody to access the relative abundance of neoplastic epithelial cells. Special stains such as Picrosirius red, Masson’s trichrome and Herovici were employed to demonstrate the desmoplastic stromal reaction and varying grades of collagen could be observed in the stroma of different tumours. The extent of fibroplasia was found to be directly proportional to the grade and size of tumour. Thus, results of the present study indicated that the cancer associated stroma significantly in fluence the CMT progression and clinical outcome.

An attempt was made to measure the comparative advantage of dairy farming among different occupational groups of rural Tamil Nadu (540 households and 2500 persons) for its poverty alleviation role. The most commonly used measures of poverty viz., head count index (P 0), poverty gap index (P1) and squared poverty gap (poverty severity) index (P2), the Watts index and average exit time from poverty were calculated. About 59 per cent of the total sample households and close to 65 per cent of sample population were found to stay below poverty line. P1 P2 and W index were observed to be the highest among agricultural labourers and the lowest among dairy farmers. At four per cent of hypothetical income growth rate, the time required to exit out of poverty was estimated to be the least for dairy farmers (4.66 years for buffalo and 4.91 years for cattle), followed by fishermen (5.09 years). Keeping in view of poverty reduction potential of dairy farming, it shall be included in poverty alleviation programmes. 

An outbreak of chorioptic mange infestation was observed in a sheep and goat flock during 2021 in the Kandukur village of Anantapur district, with a history of skin itching, thick scabs and loss of hair. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecica, crusty scabs on hind limbs, face, ears and scrotal region. Microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings revealed the presence of Chorioptes spp mites. Affected sheep and goats were treated with Ivermectin injection (200 mg/kg. body wt) administered subcutaneously weekly once for 2 weeks along with dipping using Butox spray (Deltamethrin) and supportive therapy with brotone syrup (liver tonic). Examination of deep skin scraping two weeks post treatment found negative for the Chorioptes spp mites.

A one and half year old heifer was presented with a hard mass hanging from brisket region. The mass was oval shaped, 10 x15 cm in size, pedunculated with the base at the level of carpal joint. Cytological examination revealed melanocytes with the presence of numerous blackish melanin pigments in the cytoplasm. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was comprised of heavily pigmented spindle shaped cells, arranged in sheets with a large nuclei and abundant granular black pigment in the cytoplasm. Following surgical removal of the mass, the animal recovered with no recurrence. Based on clinical examination, cytology and histopathological findings, the growth was diagnosed as cutaneous melanoma.