The influence of iron deficiency state on metabolic processes and intensity of lipids peroxidation processes at dawn-calving cows was analysed in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of study there was determined the intensity of lipids peroxidation processes in blood plasm depending on the level of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscle quantity. It was studied that in animals with low hemoglobin the oxidizing stress proceeded more actively than in animals with the normal hemoglobin level. Data analysis of lipids peroxidation processes showed that pregnancy condition was accompanied by strengthening of mentioned above processes. That fact was proved by the indicators of lipids peroxide oxidations presented both in absolute and in relative units. The content of diene conjugates, containing in 1 mg of lipids, was in 1,3-1,8 times higher at pregnant cows in comparison with non-pregnant ones, trieneketones content - in 1,2-1,6 times. Similar differences were observed in the process of analysis of diene conjugates and trieneketones values rated per 1 ml of plasma. More considerable differences were stated for trieneketones; the analysed indicator was in 1,6-2,1 times higher at pregnant cows

Research and production experiment on studying the efficiency of calve growing depending on the methods of their husbandry at the prophylactic and lactic periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. It was established, that calves which were kept in course of the analyzed periods in group cages of a calf-house at the age of 180 days had live weight on 9 kg (or on 5,4%) higher than cattle kept in course of the prophylactic period in individual cages of a prophylactorium calf house, and at the same time their live weight was on 3 kg higher (or on 1,7%) rearers kept in the same period in group cages on the open air conditions. The average daily live weight gain of cattle was also higher on 7,2 and 1,6%, respectively. However, in the conditions of the group husbandry of growing stock in the calf houses there was stated that the analyzed animals were more often ill, so it could be concluded that the presented animal husbandry method could be used only in favorable epizootic conditions in animal husbandry farms. In the conditions of an open air husbandry the ways of infection diseases incidence was substantially lower, and calves showed high development indices in case of complete feed diets application

Research of the peculiar features of correlation parameter of production indices of 870 mongrel inbred sheep with the various inbreeding coefficients was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of study there was stated the one-sided influence of inbreeding on phenotypic indices of pair, individual and cumulative pair correlation genetic correlations of sheep productivity. The majority of them were the statistically authentic values with P less than 0,1 - 0,001. It was stated that coefficient variability of genetic correlation of wool productivity rendered influence on sheep inbreeding degree among which there were marked off animal units with inbreeding in degree of consanguinity with the coefficients of higher statistical confidence (with P less than 0,01 - 0,001) than animal units with degrees of close or low relationship and outbred animal units - (P less than 0,1 - 0,01). The majority of ewe productive quality correlation factors with a different inbreeding degree proved to be positive and authentic and could be used for an estimation of correlations between traits in selection process for population perfection

Appraisement of new mixed fodder formulas for the fattening performance test was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by the example prevailing in the country Large White breed. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) proved to be one of the main components in swine feeding in Belarus. Forage wheat in mixed fodders for the fattening performance served a basic energy source and contained less dietary fibre than barley, as well as less concentration of antinutrients which interfere with digestion of rations than others crops (rye, triticale). Soybean and sunflower oil meal were included into analysed mixed fodders as the protein sources. Application of new mixed fodder formulas for fattening control realization according to the technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 600039106.044 - 2007 was realized by the example of gilts of pigs of Large White breed. Research results showed that new studied formulas made it possible to obtain the higher intensity of swine development indices (on 52-72 grams) in comparison with the traditional formulas of mixed fodders (technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 06093149.065-2000). New mixed fodder recipes did not render harmful effect on health and safety of livestock. At the same time, the analysed recipes of mixed fodders did not authentically influence the carcass indicators (carcass length, fat thickness, loin eye area, ham weight, slaughter yield)

Studying of peculiar features of external conformation of replacement gilts used for the further closing stage of commercial cross breeding as well as for the further productivity of first litter gilts was realized in the conditions of a swine breeding stock-rearing farm of the Republic of Belarus. In the modern zootechnic classification it is reasonable to divide pigs into 3 constitutional types of their external appearance: leptosome, transitional, and oerisome. In the conditions of industrial engineering the replacement pigs and sows of transitive type in comparison with individuals oerisome and leptosome types were characterized by higher productivity: early terms of insemination (on 3,2 and 3,3 days, respectively); livability of stores at weaning stage (on 5,8 and 5%, respectively), higher litter size at weaning stage (on 7,1 and 6,3 kg), higher input share into the basic pig stock (on 4 and 6%), and a yield of a gross of body weight gain of litter at fattening with a view to farrow (on 8 and 10%). Piglets of the transitive type sows were characterized by the steadier parameters of metabolism in comparison with stores of leptosome type sows (there were less frequently encountered the disturbances of infringements of trace mineral and calcium and phosphoric metabolism). On the basis of the realized research there were developed the technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 600039106.001-2004 Replacement gilts; Manual on appraisal of quality of pigs for repair of herd of a pig-breeding complex; the Technological instruction on herd repair of a pig-breeding complex; production schedules Normalization of reproductive function of replacement pigs in the conditions of a complex

In the conditions of biogeochemical zone of the Republic of Belarus the most important role in mineral metabolism is played by such major mineral elements as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements - cobalt, cupper, iron, iodine, zinc, manganese, and selenium. Based on the above there was determined the interrelation between the content of these minerals in fodder and blood of milking and dry pregnant cows. As a result of realized study it was found out that the content of major mineral elements and trace elements in fodder did not always correspond to their level in blood. In the conditions of insufficient supply of Ca, F, Mg, K, Fe, Си and Co in cow diets, the level of potassium in blood was lower standard and the other analysed minerals were within the standard limits. There was stated the direct correlation relationship between the level of some biochemical indices and content of mineral substances in cow diets. Positive correlation was stated between the content of calcium and magnesium and cholesterin level in blood

Research of the influence of biologically active preparations of natural origin on zoological indices and quality of animal products was studied by the example of their application in broiler chicken diets in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. On the basis of realized research it was established, that application of biologically active substances immunoamplifier Alveozan, probiotic Dialakt, probiotic Bifidoflorin liquid, prebiotic Biofon and prebiotic Biofon AIL (produced in the Republic of Belarus) did not render negative effect on quality of animal products (all studied meat samples had high quality). The received results testify to necessity of complex application of the above-stated preparations. Application of biologically active preparations made it possible to increase livability of growing birds on 100%, average live weight increase from 1,9 up to 5,1%, daily average weight gain - from 1,9 up to 5,1%, improvement of feed conversion ratio - from 18,3 up to 21%. All studied biologically active preparations made it possible to restore the physiological environment in poultry intestines, normal flora, to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The above mentioned preparations could be applied both with preventive, and with the medical purposes

Traditional raw materials in Belarus for mixed fodders production are wheat, barley, oats, rye, peas, lupine, sunflower and rape cakes, bran. However, productive action of these forages is limited because of presence of antinutritious factors and the raised cellulose content. In the Republic of Belarus there was organized production of national enzyme fodder additive Fekord 2004. Peculiar feature of the presented enzyme complex was addition of into its structure of enzyme glucoamylase, promoting hydrolytic starch splitting, and accordingly, the increasing of absorbency of difficult carbohydrates of forages. It was especially important for stores at early stages. Thereupon it was expedient to study the efficiency of application specified multienzyme composition in diets of growing and fattened stores. It was established, that enrichment of mixed fodder with the analysed fodder fermental additive at the rate of 0,13 and 0,15 kg per ton of mixed fodder made it possible to increase the growth rate of pigs and lower charges for forages per unit of body weight gain. Higher economic return on the fodder enzymic additive an additional gain of body weight appeared at its introduction in quantity of 0,15 kg per ton of mixed fodder

In animal feeding technology much attention is given to application of biologically active substances for metabolism stimulation. One of such biologically active substances is carnitine, an anabolic preparation of nonhormonal nature, cofactor in system of oxidation of fat acids. It participates in processes of acetylation at oxidation of fat acids together with acyl-CoA and other enzymes, promotes carrying over of cytoplasmatic Coa-derivatives of fat acids inside mitochondrions. It increases absorption speed from a digestive path of nutrients of forage, raises use of fat acids for the power purposes. Under its influence synthesis of triglycerides decreases and synthesis of phospho-lipids increases. Carnitine also protects cells against toxic accumulation of components of acyl-CoA of endogenic or exogenous origins, such as acylic groups of carnitine ethers which then can pass into liver for dissimilation or in kidneys for allocation in urine. Carnitine synthesis satisfies body requirements, but in the conditions of a hightened stress, high productivity, as well as in the conditions of lowered carnitine content in forage or in the conditions of the increased content of fats it should be applied as additive to diet. As a result of the realized study it was established, that the optimal quantity of carnitine application in diets for stores husbandry and fattening is dose of 50 g/t of mixed fodders. Application of carnitine in an optimum dose renders the positive impact on animal organism, promotes the increasing average daily weight gain on 5,1% (Р less than 0,001). Application of carnitine in diets of swine stores increases a slaughter yield on 2,1%, meat content per carcass - on 2,3%, a loin eye area - on 8,8%. Carnitine application in a dose 50 g/t of mixed fodders makes it possible to receive the additional profit at a rate of 4,57 USD per 1 head

Application of protein, vitamin and mineral supplement in diets of 1-3 months old calves in rate of 5% per weight instead of a part of sunflower cake, containing rape, peas, lupin and vitamid on a basis of halites, phosphite, phosphate, sapropel and a mineral-vitamin preparation in structure of grain forage against winter rations on the basis of rich in herbs hay (5%), milk (68%), mixed fodder (20%), whole grain (7%), and also summer rations with grass and legume mixture (7%), hay (1%), milk (65%), mixed fodder (20%), integral grain (7%) makes it possible to receive daily average weight gain of calves at level 833-867 grams at expenses of forages for 1 centner of weight gain on 3,3-3,4 сentner of forage units. Introduction into rations of the protein, vitamin and mineral supplement on the basis of local protein and mineral raw materials in number of 10% per weight in structure of mixed fodder for calves at the age of 3-6 months old against the background of winter diets with haylage (28%), mixed fodder (64%), molasses (8%), as well as summer diets with grass and legume mixture (30%), mixed fodders (66%), molasses (4%) makes it possible to receive daily average weight gains of calves on 944-967grams at expenses of forages of 4,0-4,1 сentner of forage units. Feeding of 1-6 months old calves with mixed fodders with inclusion of 5-10% of protein, vitamin and mineral supplement per weight with grain high-protein crops against the background of winter and summer diets with a ratio of the deconjugate protein to the non deconjugate one - 65:35 (in control group - 71:29) instead of sunflower cake makes it possible to receive the daily average weight gain at the level of 900-927 grams at expenses of forages 3,7-3,8 сentner per forage unit. Cost of presented mixed fodders decreases on 14%, and the cost price per 1 centner gain - on 7-8%