Objective—To evaluate the effects of perioperative oral administration of carprofen and meloxicam on concentrations of 3 acute-phase proteins in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Animals—18 healthy adult anestrous female dogs undergoing elective OVH. Procedures—Dogs were allocated to 3 groups (6 dogs/group). A placebo treatment, carprofen (2.0 mg/kg), or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was orally administered to the dogs of the respective groups. The initial doses were administered 30 minutes before premedication prior to OVH; additional doses were administered once daily for 4 days after surgery. Blood samples were collected 45 minutes before premedication and 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the end of OVH; samples were used for measurement of total WBC and neutrophil counts and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen. Results—Values did not differ significantly among groups for WBC and neutrophil counts, serum concentrations of CRP and ceruloplasmin, and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen. Concentrations of all inflammatory markers, except serum ceruloplasmin, increased significantly following OVH, but in a similar manner for each group. No significant changes were detected in serum ceruloplasmin concentrations over time. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Perioperative administration of both carprofen and meloxicam did not significantly affect the concentrations of CRP, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen in dogs undergoing OVH. Thus, use of carprofen or meloxicam should not affect clinical interpretation of results for these 3 acute-phase proteins.

The rabbit corpus luteum becomes an estradiol-dependent tissue by day 6 of gestation, and adequate estrogen is critical to avoid pregnancy failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parity (primiparous or multiparous), day of mating (11 or 21 d postpartum), and suckling status (suckling or nonsuckling) on various reproductive traits in hybrid rabbit does (n = 96). Ovarian structures on day 6 after coitus were evaluated by means of ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected that day, and the serum was analyzed for estradiol-17β by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Parity and suckling had significant effects on mating rate (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). More does accepted the male on day 11 than on day 21 (P < 0.05). Ovulation frequency was significantly affected by parity (P < 0.05), day of mating (P < 0.01), and suckling (P < 0.01). Fewer ovarian large follicles and lower estradiol-17β levels were detected in suckling compared with nonsuckling rabbits (P < 0.01). Since estrogen concentrations are commonly used to assess follicular growth and steroidogenic capacity, the lower hormonal levels in the suckling rabbits may reveal poorer ovarian activity, which could result in reduced reproductive efficiency. Our observations confirm the existence of a partial antagonism between lactation and reproduction in rabbits. Further research is needed to elucidate these phenomena, including when artificial insemination is done. Ultrasonography could represent a noninvasive and reliable method for studying several reproductive functions and dysfunctions in rabbits.

This study was done to evaluate the hypoglycemic potentials of ginger (zingiber officinale ) in controlling hyperglycemia ,hypoinsulinemia and their effect on total cholesterol in cadmium-induced pancreotoxicity in male rabbits Twenty four of adult male rabbits were divided randomly into four equal groups. Group 1 was given distilled water orally and considered as control group, group 2 received 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride, group 3 received 100mg/ kg B.w of ginger extract plus 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride and group 4 received 200mg/ kg B.w of ginger extract plus 10mg/kg B.w of cadmium chloride. All treatments were given a daily dose for 35 days. The blood sample was taken from these animal groups after 35 days of treatment for biochemical analysis to estimate : insulin hormone, blood glucose ,total cholesterol, Aspartate amino transferase (AST) , Alanine aminotranferase(ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that cadmium chloride administration resulted in a decrease in the level of insulin concentration associated with an increase in glucose and total cholesterol concentration in rabbits .The enzyme activities of serum ALT, AST and ALP were also significantly increased . While , the groups of animal that received ginger showed significant decrease in serum glucose , cholesterol , AST, ALT and ALP. The level of insulin was also increased in these groups of animal.

Effect of age and sex were measured during and before sexual maturation of golden local quail males and females. Maels erythrocytes count showed higher value compared with that of adult females . Haemoglobin and haematocrit of adult males were significantly higher than those of adult females. However total leukocyte count and H/L ratio of the adult female were higher than those of males. Body weight of both sexes increased with age. As well as many of the haematological parameters differed significantly (P

Diabetes mellitus (DM) a disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, lipoprotein abnormalities and oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effect of vitamin C and Zinc on some biochemical parameter when induced diabetic in rabbits by alloxan. Male rabbits groups divided into four groups: Group I (Negative control) received normal saline orally, alloxan diabetic rabbits : Group II (Positive control) received normal saline orally , while Group III were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C and group IV were orally administered 100 mg/kg body weight Zinc for 15 days. The results showed that vitamin C administration and zinc significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST concentration, while there were significant changes (p< 0.05) was observed on the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/ globulin ratio in diabetic group treated with vitamin C, Zinc respectively.

The present work includes morphological and radiological studies of the salivary gland , saliva is the mixed secretion of these gland the secretion of saliva in ruminants is continuous ,it has been moistest oral mucosa, provide medium for dissolved food and control bacterial flora of the oral cavity , the aim of present work to report more detailed information about the salivary gland and duct in cattle which may be help in both anatomy and surgery aspect, for value impartment can easily removal all salivary gland tissue during surgical operation, the large salivary ducts occasionally cannulated to remove obstructions or to inject a contrast medium for radiographic examination and to be able to palpate the parotid and mandibular salivary gland and different the mandibular salivary gland from lymph nodes ,to be able to trace the ducts of the salivary glands and palpate the parotid duct in the cheek of cattle , to be extirpate the mandibular and monostomac sublingual salivary glands . Collected from (6) fresh preserved heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into two groups : first group to study of shape ,position and relation of major salivary gland also study the morphology of the minor salivary gland and second group study morphological and radio graphical of parotid , mandibular and sublingual duct in cattle.The study revealed that the three major paired salivary glands(parotid ,mandibular and sublingual gland ) in addition four minor salivary glands ( buccal ,lingual ,palatine and labial gland ) into the oral cavity and oropharynx in cattle the mandibular gland ,unlike that of other domestic animals , the mandibular salivary gland is larger than the parotid ,distinctly lobulated and lies in the curve along the medial side of the angle of the mandible and which divides into superficial and deep loop, is easily palpate in the inter mandibular space, the duct open in the sublingual caruncle , the parotid gland has been described having (5) processes ( three superficial and two deep ) ,sublingual gland this is smallest of the major salivary gland , sometimes consists of two parts (compact and diffuse ) it is the almond shaped gland lies deep to the floor of mouth ,un like the parotid and mandibular gland the sublingual gland has no true facial capsule also it has a single duct.Un like the major salivary gland, the minor salivary gland lack a branching network of draining ducts , buccal glands are well developed and arranged in three groups (dorsal, middle and ventral )in cattle , the lingual gland are small lobules under the mucosa and embedded in the musculature, the caudal third of the hard palate is not ridged and bears numerous orifice of the palatine gland ,the labial glands a compact mass near the angle of the mouth , the most commonly occurred radiological findings using surface landmarks parotid duct lies mid way between the facial tubercle and corner of the mouth ,the ducts of the mandibular and compact (monostomatic) sublingual glands open on the floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle, they run below the mucous membrane that connects the side of the tongue with the gums.

Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) was detected in 132(70 Iranian,32 Turkish and 30 local breed)calves (10-14 months old) and 18 dairy cows of local breed (3-5 years old). Animals were brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul –Iraq from different farms of Mosul city-Iraq, with clinical signs of fever(40-41C0),anorexia ,emaciation, decrease of milk yield in dairy cows ,paleness of mucous membrane, lymph node enlargement and ticks were detected on different body regions .All blood and buffy coat smears of calves were positive for morula like structures inside the cytoplasm of neutrophils , lymphocytes and monocytes when staining by Giemsa and Wright stains. For all animals , the appearance of Ehrlichia spp. Organisms in leukocytes coincided with erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. For eighteen dairy cows, Ehrlichia spp. organisms were identified in leukocytes of blood and milk samples. This is apparently the first evidence for Ehrlichia spp. infection in cattle in Iraq. In conclusion, the present study documents that Ehrlichia infection exists in Mosul-Iraq and indicates that the bacterium has been present but unnoticed in the area .Further investigation will be needed in order to characterize different species of Ehrlichia infection in cattle, and explain the role of vector and imported animals in introduction of the disease to our country

The developmental study of adrenal gland has been done on the local rabbit fetuses and neonate, which including a morphological and histological description of the adrenal gland. The study revealed that the differentiation of the adrenal gland began in the rabbit between twenty two and twenty four days from pregnancy as adrenal cortex and medulla and relatively completed it is histologically pictures at twelve days old. Also the study showedthat the adrenal cortex composed of three zones: zonaglomerulosa or the zonaarcuata , the zona fasciculate and the zonareticularisglomerulus, whilethe medulla have dark and light cells.The purpose of our study was to provide a more complete quantitive description of the histomorphology of the adrenal gland in rabbits during prenatal and postnatalperiods.

The results of this study showed that the liver of coot bird fulica atra is closely resample to the liver of fowl that it lies in the ventral part of the body cavity and seems red-brown in color and divided into two lobes, right and left . Histologically the liver of coot bird enclosed by thin capsule of connective tissue that continue to subdivided the liver into lobules . The hepatocyte which arranged radially around the central vein as hepatocord in two cells thickness . These cells are polygonal in shape and have rounded nucleus and there is present of sinusoids between hepatocords which lined by flattened endothelial cells .

The objective of the present study were to evaluate hemogram, acute phase response, acid base balance and blood gas analysis in newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata . The study was conducted on 55 local newborn calves (male and female), 1-9 days old. The study was carried out in Mosul , Iraq. Forty five newborn calves were infected with Theileria annulata. and Ten clinically normal calves served as controls. Diseased calves showed sings of fever ,unilateral or bilateral visible swelling of superficial lymph nodes. pronounced upward bulging of temporal fossa, outward bulge of conjunctivae with exophthalmos, paleness and/or icteric mucus membranes with petechial hemorrhages on the conjunctiva, lacrimation, dyspnea and depression. There was a significant reduction in the mean values of erythrocytes count, Hb and PCV,in diseased newborn calves infected with Theileria annulata and anemia was of Macrocytic hypochromic type. The percentage of hemoparasitism (parasitemia) ranged between (3-18%) with a mean of (11.88%). Results also indicated significant increase in total leukocytes count as results of significant increase lymphocytes. Diagnosis of Theileriosis were confirmed by microscopical examination of Giemsa stained lymph node aspirate and peripheral blood smears. Results were also showed significant decrease in blood pH,Pco2,Bicarbonate, Base access and Oxygen saturation percent(So2) ,However significant increase in Anion gab was found and Titritional metabolic acidosis were indicated. Moreover results show significant decrease in haptoglobin and fibrinogen in diseased newborns calves than in controls.It have been concluded that Theileria annulata infection in newborn calves resulting in serious effects and health deterioration, leading to substantial significant economic losses