The aim of the present study was to compare the microbiological quality and safety of chicken products collected from a poultry processing plant and from the retail market. The collected samples represented 120 chicken product samples (mortadella, frankfurters, burgers, nuggets, fillet and fajita); 60 samples were collected from a poultry processing plant and 60 samples were from retail markets. For assessing the microbiological quality of these products, total bacterial count (TBC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and total mold and yeasts were determined. While, for evaluating the safety of collected products, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. As well as, sensory evaluation of collected products was carried out. It was found that the bacterial counts in samples collected from processing plants were lower than corresponding samples collected from retail market. For instance, the obtained mean values of TBC in processing plant samples were 1x10, 4x102, 2x10, 2x10, 3x10 and 6x10 CFU/g in case of chicken mortadella, chicken frank, chicken nuggets, chicken burger, chicken fillet and chicken fajita, respectively. While for retail market samples, TBC mean values were 2x10, 2x10, 3x10, 3x10, 4x10 and 3x10 CFU/g in chicken mortadella, chicken frank, chicken nuggets, chicken burger, chicken fillet and chicken fajita, respectively. It was evident that most of examined chicken product samples either from processing plant or retail markets were contaminated with investigated foodborne pathogens, namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes, in addition to contamination with mold and yeasts. In conclusion, the rate of contamination of chicken products from retail markets was higher than corresponding products obtained from processing plant, which is attributed to contamination of chicken products through bad handling during transportation, storage and marketing, as well as growth of contaminants as a result of improper storage conditions including temperature and humidity.

The present study aimed to describe the normal cross sectional anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging of pastern and coffin joints in dromedary camel. This study was conducted on twelve distal limbs (fore and hind) of fresh cadavers from three adult camels of both sexes. The specimens appeared normal without orthopedic disorders. Twelve distal limbs were scanned using a 1 Tesla MRI scanner and then injected with colored latex to be sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse slices. Cross anatomical sections were matched with their corresponding MR images for identification and evaluation of the clinically relevant anatomical structures that appeared with different signal intensities on MRI scans. The present study showed that all major soft tissues in pastern and coffin joints of camel were clearly depicted on MR images, however, the palmar/plantar ligaments of pastern joint and ligaments of navicular cartilage could not be identified on MR images. The annotated cross anatomical sections with the corresponding MR images could be used as a normal reference for interpretation of some clinical diseases in pastern and coffin joints of camel.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of virgin olive oil on some blood parameters in male Albino rats supplemented with normal diet. thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, (90-110 g), were used in the present study, and were divided into three groups (10 in each), 1st group (control), received basal diet and supplemented with 1ml saline. 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, and supplemented daily with 1ml/100 gm B.W and 2ml/100 gm B.W of virgin olive oil (VOO), respectively for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly from all rats. Serum samples was obtained for assay of lipid profile levels and hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA) enzyme. Blood lysate was used for antioxidant enzymes activities SOD, GPx and CAT.

Avian coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease affecting poultry and causes high economic losses in poultry industry, which acts as an important sector in the Egyptian national income. It is caused by genus Eimeria that belongs to subphylum apicomplexa. It affects domestic pigeons causing great losses, particularly in squabs. So, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria species infecting domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) in Minia province. Intestines of 400 domestic pigeons collected from various poultry butcher shops as well as 103 pooled fecal samples of household pigeons were microscopically examined by the flotation technique. The recovered oocysts were morphologically identified. The overall prevalence of Eimeria species infection was 27.0% (108/400) and 72.82% (75/103) in the intestinal and pooled fecal samples respectively. Seasonally, the highest infection rate in the pooled fecal samples was in both spring and autumn (80.0%), while the lowest was in summer (56.0%). Meanwhile, the infection rate of the intestinal samples was the highest in winter (33.33%) and the lowest in autumn (20.0%). Moreover, The monthly infection rate of intestinal samples revealed that September and April had the highest rates;(55.0% and 41.62%). However, no infection rates were found in October and November, while monthly infection rate of fecal samples recorded that January and February showed 100% infection rate. Meanwhile, March and August, showed the lowest rate of infection 28.57% and 42.86% respectively. The morphological identification revealed the presence of four Eimeria species, Eimeria labbeana, E. columbarum E.columbae and E.labbeana-like, in pigeons in Minia province. Further studies are recommended to investigate the life cycle and molecular differentiation of Eimeria species infecting domestic birds.

A total of 225 samples were collected from suspected cases and they were 75 human samples (40 ear swabs, 29 vaginal swabs and 6 sputum samples) and 150 from broiler chickens for microbiological examination and fungal isolation, they collected from different areas in El-Fayoum and Beni-Suef governorates, from which 129 fungal isolates were recovered, 22 fungal isolates( 29.3%) were recovered from human; of which 15 isolates of ear swabs ( A.fumigatus 37.5%) while 7 (24.1%) A.fumigatus isolates were recovered from women, but there was no A.fumigatus recovered from sputum samples, as well as there were 53 A.fumigatus isolates (35.3%) recovered from broiler chicken. The antifungal activities of thymol and carvacrol oils against the recovered fungal isolates were tested using agar dilution method. Thymol and carvacrol oils completely inhibited the growth of different fungal isolates at concentrations of 1% and 0.1%. On the other hand, the concentration of 0.01% was too weak to inhibit the fungal growth, but it completely reduced the colour of the fungal colony converted it into white coloured arial mycelium. PCR assay using oligonucleotide primer that amplifying 250bp fragment in its Gene of A.fumigatus and A.niger was performed. Sequence analysis of two isolates of A.niger and A.fumigatus using its Gene was performed.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of adding plant oils; extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), sunflower and soybean to animal feed on serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels, histological structure of ovaries and in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM). A total of 60 mature female Albino rats were used. Animals were divided equally into 5 groups; control group (received standard diet), group II (received EVOO), group III (received sunflower oil), group IV (received soybean oil) and group VI (received oil mixture which consist of sunflower and soybean oils). After 6 weeks of feeding oil addited diet, blood samples were collected from all rats throughout the different stages of estrous cycle. Sera were used for determination of serum E2 and P4 levels. Only females that were not in estrus were scarified after the last blood sample collection, ovaries were harvested for histopathological examination and for in vitro maturation. Results showed that none of oils led to ovarian changes except soybean oil and oil mixture, cause congestion of some ovarian blood vessels. It was also noted that the hormonal pattern didn’t differ significantly among different treatments within the same stage of the cycle, except for the group received oil mixture where E2 and P4 levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during metestrus and diestrus phases, respectively. In the treated groups, the highest significant (P < 0.05) oocyte recovery rate (RR) (5.43 ± 0.23% and 4.41± 0.13%) and maturation rate (MR) (79.17 ± 2.03% and 73.43 ± 1.97%) were attained after application of EVOO followed by sunflower oil, respectively. While the lowest values were calculated with the soybean oil and oil mixture (3.83 ± 0.13 % and 2.50 ± 0.16 %) and (68.18 ± 2.29 % and 62.50 ± 2.23 %), respectively. It could be concluded that EVOO as well as sunflower oil have a beneficial influence on ovarian functional performance, retrieval of high number of good quality oocytes and raise oocyte maturation.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of [ 4&rsquo;,4&rdquo; -(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- [1,2,3-] selenadiazolo[4,5e] pyridine-4,6-diyl) bis(benzene-1,3-diol)] (T) on female fertility and reproductive hormones, in addition histopathological examination of ovaries in comparison with the effects of Metamizole or Dipyrone (Di). Four groups of mature female rats each group consist of ten healthy female rats. Three groups received T and /or Di dissolved in drinking water 2mL (DW), the forth group received 2 mL of (DW) for 20 days before mating and ten days after mating. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in the number of births of (T) group (13.70&plusmn;3.34) compared to DW group (9.7&plusmn;1.06). Also, significant decline in T&amp;Di group to (6.91&plusmn;0.32), with no pregnancies reported in Di treated group. The pregnancy percentage was in T&amp;Di group basically decline to 40% compare with T and DW groups 100%. Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) level showed a significant elevation (p&lt;0.05) in T group (5.19mIU/mL &plusmn;0.72), and T&amp;Di (5.12 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.78) compared with DW (1.61mIU/mL&plusmn;0.52), and Di (1.46 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.60) groups. LH concentration of T (1.88 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.48), and T&amp;Di (1.67 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.41) groups LH values than in DW (1.75 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.67). Only in Di group (0.88 mIU/mL &plusmn;0.48) LH value reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05) than in other test groups. T group (17.22 mIU/mL &plusmn;4.50) progesterone level; also T&amp;Di group progesterone level (10.11 mIU/mL &plusmn;2.05) statistically important increase, while Di group there is essentially decreased (p&lt;0.05) to (2.69 mIU/mL&plusmn;0.89) compare to DW (6.31 mIU/mL &plusmn;1.41). Histopathological results showed that ovarian section of Di group disclosed large cystic corpus luteum CC.L, absence of Graafian Follicles and follicles at different stages of development. &nbsp;T group section showed normal Graafian follicles and different follicles in developmental stages, as well as there were several persistence corpus luteum. Ovary of T&amp;Di female rats relieves improvement of some Graafian follicles, Cystic corpus luteum (CC.L). Furthermore, there was some of clear C.L. It can be concluded that T compound had a Good effect on the level of reproductive hormones and increase fertility in female rats. While Di long term treatment had bad effects on female fertility, by affecting reproductive hormones levels and pathological change of ovaries.

The present study investigates the effect of platelets rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of skin ulcers in rabbits in which diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced using Streptozotocin. The study was applied on 12 adult rabbits of both sexes with a mean weight of 1000-1500 g. They were divided randomly into two equal groups (six rabbits per group). DM was induced in two groups by injected Streptozotosin 65 mg / kg B.W IV. Ulcers were made in 3 cm length and 2 cm width in all rabbits in the gluteal region under the general Anesthesia by mixture of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride in sterile conditions. The first group was used as control; the second group was treated with platelets rich plasma on the site of ulcers. The first group in the 7 days, showed large ulcers and pus; in the 14 days, were ulcers continued with thickened epidermal. The second group, in the 7days, showed skin ulcers with dermal thickening and a beginning of skin formation. In the 14th days, the treated group showed small ulcer remaining with dermal fibrosis.ELISA results have been shown the effect of platelets rich plasma on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF&alpha;) concentration in the blood after 10 days of skin lesions inducing. The natural concentration of TNF&alpha; is 6.4 pg/ml in range (4.2-7.9) pg/ml. The first group had a concentration below 5.3 pg/ml, due to the DM. The second group was highly concentrated in 10.4 pg/ml. The results of the histopathological and ELISA confirmed that there are marked healing and elevating TNF&alpha; concentration in the treated group.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of the transmission of Leishmania donovani parasite from pregnant mothers to their embryos in experimental BALB/c mice. After 5 days of copulation males with females,females were injected with 1012 parasite/ml of promastigote stage through the tail vein, which is grown in NNN-medium. This study demonstrated parasite ability to congenital transmission from mothers to their embryos by placenta through the appearance of amastigote in tissue sections of liver and bone marrow of infected mice fetusescompared with uninfected fetuses. I

The present objective was done for investigate the ameliorative feeding effect of Lactuca sativa and alfalfa on growth performance and reproductive parameters (concentration of hormones, characteristic of sperm epididymal in adult male rabbits). Twelve adult male rabbits were divided randomly in to two groups. Control group (G1) animals feeding on alfalfa (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. Group Two (G2) this group feeding on head lettuce (1kg/day/animal) for 6 weeks. The result revealed significantly increase in serum testosterone, LH and FSH concentration and significantly differences were observed in sperm concentration, viability, abnormality and decrease significantly in motility of sperm in group feeding&nbsp; on head lettuce compared to the group feeding on alfalfa.