Five hundred and forty-eight samples of pig heart muscle were collected from the abattoirs of many regions in Korea to reveal the frequency of Sarcocystis infections and to identify the species from June 1988 to April 1989. Heart muscle of the pigs was inspected for sarcocysts by the direct detection technique and for bradyzoites by the trypsin digestion technique. For examination of development of the parasites in the final host, 5 cross bred mature dogs, 5 puppies and 5 kittens were fed 100g, 50g and 50g of the infected meat respectively, four times in 2 days. Of 402 fattened and 146 older culled breeding pigs, 3 fattened pigs and 39 culled pigs were positive for Sarcocystis. Sarcocystis cysts from heart muscle measured an average of 425 x 169 micro m and bradyzoites an average of 15.6 x 3.5 micro m. Of 15 animals, only 2 puppies were infected with Sarcocystis. The prepatent period was 11 to 12 days and patent period was not examined since the puppies were infected with some another infections and one died on day 11 and another died on day 12 after ingestion of the meat. The sporulated oocysts were detected 11 days after ingestion of the meat and sporocysts 12 days from the puppy feces. The sporulated oocysts measured an average of 16.5 x 11.5 micro m and sporocysts an average of 12.6 x 7.9 micro m. On scaping examination of the intestinal mucosa, fully sporulated oocysts were detected in the tip of the intestinal villi. Considering above all descriptions, Sarcocystis in pig heart muscle in Korea was identified with Sarcocystis suicanis

This study was carried out to diagnostic test for bovine mastitis by the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on firefly bioluminescence. The infection rate of bovine mastitis investigated with 521 cows in 47 dairy farms were found to be 3.6 % of clinical form and 44.1 % of subclinical form according to the degree of infection. The light yield produced in firefly bioluminescence system was proportional to the concentration of ATP giving stright line within the range of 100PM-luM. When the number of somatic cell in milk was determined by the ATP assay and compared with three conventional methods such Fossomatic. California mastatic test (CMT), and rolling ball viscometer (RBV), it was shown that r= 0.92 for Fossomatic, 0.63 for CMT and 0.7 for RBV. The microorganisms causing mastitis were isolated Staphylococcus sp. (53.3 %), Streptococcus sp. (17.9 %), Micrococcus sp. (13.5 %), Gram negative bacilli (6.3 %), Gram positive bacilli (5.5 %) and Yeast-like fungi (5.4 %). The endogeneous ATP levels of bacteria in a raw milk determined by the firefly bioluminescence system and compared with the results of the conventional methods. The correlation was 0.88 for raw milk

To study the effects of ibaraki virus on preimplantation mouse embryos collected from prepubertal ICR and BALB/cByJ mice (30-40 days old) by superovulation, zona pellucida-intact (ZPI) or free (ZPF) embryos (n=774) of 4- to 8-cell and morulae were exposed to 10** (5.8) TCID50 of the viurs up to 96 hours. The embryos were examined morphologically by observing the degeneration and hatching rates, and virologically and immunologically by determining the presence of infection with the virus, in addition, the effect of washing the embryos to remove virus possibly attached to was also investigated. The ZPI 4- to 8-cell embryos and morulae exposed to the virus showed considerably higher degeneration rate than those not exposed, for 96, and for 72 to 96 hours, respectively (p0.01). The ZPF 4- to 8-cell embryos and morulae exposed to the virus showed considerably higher degeneration rates than those not exposed, throughout the whole culture hours in vitro (p0.01). The ZPI 4- to 8-cell embryos and morulae not exposed to the virus showed considerably higher rates of hatched blastocyst than those exposed (p0.01). The virus infection rates of the ZPF 4- to 8-cell embryos and morulae were significantly higher than those of the ZPI embryos according to cell culture system. The viral antigen was detected exclusively on the zona pellucida of ZPF embryos by the immunofluorescent assay. In the ZPI embryos exposed to ibaraki virus, the virus was detected in the two times-washing groups, but not in the ten times-washing groups. The results indicated that zona pellucida of murine embryos would provide an effective protection and that ten times-washing of the ZPI embryos previously exposed to the virus was effective to remove virus from the embryos

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrate (KNO3) on the thyroid glands in rabbits which were administrated KNO3 of 1g/kg/day for 6 weeks. Growth rate, and serum levels for T4, T3 and TSH were observed every week. The histological changes and the weights of the thyroid glands were observed in 6 weeks. The mean growth rates of experiments were decreased significantly in the 1st week, but were increased a little from the 5th to 6th week compared with those of controls. The serum levels for T4 of the experimental group manifested significantly decreased values than those of control through the experimental term consistently and the serum levels for T3 were greatly decreased in the 3rd and 4th weeks. TSH contents of the serum were not changed through the experimental term. The mean weight of the thyroid gland in the experiment was decreased significantly after 6 weeks compared with that of cotrol. In the experimental group, the color of colloid in the thyroid follicles revealed deeper eosinophilic and the heights of the follicular epithelial cells were taller than those of controls. The colloid in the thyroid follicles revealed depletion. As summarized above, the observations suggest that nitrate can be an antithyroid substance in rabbits and it leads the thyroid glands to hypofunctional state

The frequency of appearance of HI antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus was investigated over the three-year period 1982 through 1984. The sample population consisted of 1306 cattle in Saitama prefecture (located in central Japan), and 536 cattle in Kagoshima prefecture (located in southern Japan). During the study period, there was no significant difference in the average antibody-positive rate between cattle in Kagoshima (68.8 %) and those in Saitama (65.5 %). Variations in the monthly antibody-positive rate and mean monthly antibody titer in the Saitama cattle followed a mountain-like pattern with the peak observed during summer. In the Kagoshima cattle, both parameters also increased in summer and these increases persisted even in winter. The distribution of antibody-positive rate as a function of age ranged from 64.0 % to 82.8 % in Saitama, though no correlation was observed between these two factors. In the Kagoshima cattle, however, the antibody-positive rate increased with age as follows; the values averaged 29.4 % in the one-year-old cattle group, 50.0 % in the two-year-old group, 47.4 % in the three-year-old group and 74.5 % in the four-year-old group. There was no significant correlation between the mean antibody titer and age in either Saitama cattle (15.3-22.5) or Kagoshima cattle (20.0-32.3)

To develop more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, 7-C-2 monoclonal antibody specific to polypeptides of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) was applied in indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA), indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA). It was found that IBRV infected in MDBK cells could be detected as early as 8 hours post infection by IFA, and that IFA was more rapid and specific to identify IBRV antigen than IPA. The diagnostic efficacy of RIDEA and SN test was studied with 88 bovine sera. It was evident that RIDEA could eliminate the false positive reaction encountered in serum neutralization (SN)test, being more rapid and sensitive than the latter. Highly significant correlation coefficiency (r= 0.76, p0.01) was evaluated between the titers of sera and the diameters of RIDEA. Tracheal membranes and sera collected from 96 slaughtered cattle with lesions in respiratory organs were examined to detect IBRV antigen and antibody by IFA, RIDEA and SN test. It was presented that positive rates were 32.3 % in IFA, 20.8 % in RIDEA and 21.9 % in SN test, and that coincidence rate between RIDEA and SN test were 100 % in positive sera and 98.7 % in negative sera. In conclusion, it was assumed that application of monoclonal antibody could improve the diagnostic efficacy of IBR by enhancing sensitivity and specificity of IPA, IFA and RIDEA

A survey on the prevalence of internal parasites in the laboratory rats in the Chonnam and Kyonggi areas was carried out. A total of 208 rats was selected for necropsy and the parasites were collected from the organs and the fecal samples. The infection rate of the internal parasites was high as 63.9 % and eight species of parasites were identified. Among the species identified A tetraptera (21.6 %) and H diminuta (20.7 %) appeared with relatively higher infection rates than any other species identified. A significant difference in numbers of parasites was recognized between the regions as 8 species in Chonnam and 4 species in Kyonggi. The laboratory rats reared in stainless steel cage showed the higher infection rate than those in polycarbonate cage, with some exception in H spumosa and H nana. In this survey T crassicauda was firstly in the laboratory rats in Korea

To elucidate the physiological characteristics of histamine receptor of the isolated renal artery in dog, effects of various receptor blockers and Ca++ channel blockers on the contractile responses of histamine were investigated in the isolated renal artery of dog. Histamine caused the contraction in the isolated renal artery of dog, and the contractile responses increased between the concentration of 5 x 10** (-6)M and 10** (-2)M in dose-dependent manner. The contractile response induced by histamine (10** (-3)M) was not blocked by pretreatment with atropine (10** (-6)M), phentolamine (10** (-6)M), propranolol (10** (-6)M) or cimetidine (10** (-6)M), but was completely blocked by pretreatment with pyrilamine (10** (-6)M). The contractility induced by histamine (10** (-3)M) was decreased in the Ca++ free medium. The contractile response induced by histamine (10** (-3)M) was decreased in the Ca++ free medium. The contractility induced by histamine (10** (-3)M) was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with papaverine (5x10** (-5)M) or verapamil (5x10** (-5)M). After the pre-contraction induced by norepinephrine (10** (-7)M) or prostaglandin F2 alpha (5x10** (-6)M), the contractile response induced by the additional treatment of histamine (10** (-3)M) was markedly increased compared with that of histamine (10** (-3)M) alone

The proteins of the bovine erythrocyte membrane were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and their relations to the slow sedimentation rate of bovine erythrocytes were investigated by treating the erythrocytes with trypsin. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of bovine erythrocytes from Holstein and Korean native cattle were very slow compared with the human one (1/7 as slow as the human one) as reported previously. However, when human and Holstein erythrocytes were treated with trypsin (0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml) for 1 hour at 37deg C, their sedimentation rates were markedly accelerated while the sedimentation rate of Korean native cattle's erythrocytes were not affected. Although the general protein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, bovine erythrocyte membranes showed one additional protein band called band Q in this study, which migrated electrophoretically to the mid-position between band 2 and band 3 in human erythrocyte membranes. Treatment of Holstein and human erythrocytes with trypsin caused a decrease or disappearance of the band Q from the erythrocyte membrane. Although the band Q in Korean native cattle's erythrocyte membrane was decreased by trypsin treatment of the erythrocytes, the magnitude of the decrement was not so pronounced as in the case of human and Holstein erythrocytes. The glycoprotein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid-Schiff stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1 (glycophorin) and PAS-2 (sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte membrane were almost absent from the bovine erythrocyte membranes. Instead, the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-positive band near the origin of the electrophorograms, which is named as PAS-B in this study

The distribution of portal veins within the liver in 30 Korean native cattle were observed. Vinylite solution was injected into portal veins of eighteen specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in twelve specimens by injecting 30 % barium sulfate solution into portal veins, and then radiographed on an X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu 800 MA 120 Kvp). The Vena portae was divided immediately upon entering the liver into a very short Truncus dexter venae portae (14.75 +- 4.86 : 6.9-23.1mm) and a long Truncus sinister venae portae (94.16 +- 9.62 : 110-150 mm). The Truncus sinister venae portae runs of first in the long axis of the liver from the porta hepatis toward the left lobe. At the boundary between the quardate and left lobes it bends sharply 50 to 80 degrees toward the Incisura ligamentum teretis, and after a course of 36.5 to 54.3 mm between the quadrate and left lobes, ends abruptly. The Truncus sinister venae portae is divided for description into the Pars transversa, from the Porta hepatis to the flexure, and the Pars umbilicalis, from the flexure to the end. The branches of Venae portae were Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri, Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri, Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistri, Ramus lobi quadratti, Ramus ventralis lobi dextri, Ramus intermedius lobi dextri, Ramus dorsalis lobi dextri, Rami processus caudatorum and Rami processus papillarum. The Ramus intermedius lobi sinistri arose from the left surface of the Pars umbilicalis, and was origined on the common trunk with Ramus dorsalis lobi sinistric (3 cases, 10 %) or Ramus ventralis lobi sinistri (3 cases, 10 %). The Rami lobi quadratii consisted of the vein (15 cases, 50 %) or two veins (15 cases, 50%), and was observed on the arched-shaped at 2 cases (6.6 %) of the liver. The Rami processus caudatorum consisted of one vein (28 cases, 93.3 %) or two veins (2 cases, 6.6 %). The former were formed common trunk with R. dorsalis lobi dextri (7 cases, 23.3 %) or R. ventralis lobi dextri (2 cases, 6.6 %)