Male factor infertility contributes partially and solely to the problem of childlessness inaround 50% of the cases. Unfortunately, 30 -- 50% of the etiologies of male infertility are unknownand therefore, no specific therapy can be instituted. Sperm count and sperm motility are primeparameters that determine the functional ability of spermatozoa.This study included determinationof lactate dehydrogenase-C(LDH) activity in male infertility (n=23)and its relationship with thedifferent parameters of the seminogram. Also deals with partial purification lactatedehydrogenasefrom semen plasma of male infertility patients by dialysis, and ion exchange DEAEcellulosetechniques. There was statistically significant correlation was found between LDH activityand Sperm Count , morphology % and Motility % (r=0.486), (r=0.263)and (r=0.444) in fertile grouprespectively, also that the correlation in infertile group was statistically significant between LDHactivity and Sperm Count , morphology % and Motility % (r=0.431), (r=0.671)and (r=0.336)respectively.Oneproteinous peak of lactate dehydrogenaseactivity is obtained with specific activity of 0.861u\mgprotein and purification fold 6.10 compared to crude enzyme. The kinetic characteristics of partiallypurified lactate dehydrogenaseare studied. The maximum activity is obtained at 250μg of enzyme,Tris-Hcl buffersolution at pH 7.9, temperature 37ᵒC, incubation time 5 min., with 10mMK+, Vmax and Km values of partially purified lactate dehydrogenase1.176 unit/ml and 27.02 mM with thesubstrate sodium pyruvateare found respectively

Hydaticystosis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and had azoonotic pattern ,surgical intervention is one of the most important treatment attempt,despite the serious problems the patient experiences during surgery. The current studywere aimed to use camel's milk as an immune improver against this disease inlaboratory mice .Experimental study was conducted in department of biology ,College of Science University of Thi-Qar, during the period from November 2015till April 2016 so four groups of mice(Mus musculus) of Balb /c strain age (6- 8)weeks were used as following .The first group was orally treated with 0.2 ml ofphysiological solution for one week (Negative control ) .The second group was orallytreated with 0.2 ml of physiological solution for a week and then injectedintraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (3000protoscolex / ml ) ( Positive control ).The third group was orally treated with 0.2 mlof camel's milk for a week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml ). The fourth group was orally treated with 0.2ml of camel's milk for two week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml).The results of the current study showed that the groups of animals treated withcamel's milk for one week and two weeks had a decrease in the number and weightsof secondary hydatid cysts and the group treated with camel's milk for two weeksshowed a significant decrease in the number and weights of cysts compared to the positive control group. A significant reduction in weights and size ratio of liver andspleen was observed in the group treated with camel's milk for two weeks comparedwith control group .It has been concluded that camel's milk has the ability to reduce the incidence ofsecondary hydatid cysts in infected mice and treated with camel's milk and theincreased duration of treated with camel's milk significantly reduces the incidence ofinfection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of metoclopramidealone or as a combination with diphenhydramine. The type of interaction between twodrugs also determined at level of acute pain centrally and peripherally using hot-plateand writhing test in male mice. The individual ED50 value of metoclopramide anddiphenhydramine for induction of antinociceptive effect was at 30.7 mg/kg,ip and0.57mg/kg, sc ,respectively. While combined this ED50 value of diphenhydramine andmetoclopramide at several ratios (1:1, 0.5:1, 0.5:0.5 and 0.25:1) respectively,produced synergism interaction between two drugs at all ratios (except the final ratio,produced antagonism). This combination decreased the ED50 of each drug andproduced good antinociceptive effect in male mice at centrally level. Concomitantadministration of metoclopramide ip and diphenhydramine sc at double doses of ED50for each drug, also produced good analgesic effect at visceral pain level, whichinduced by acetic acid in writhing test. Avery effective and safe antinociceptive effectand also achieved using combination of metoclopramide and diphenhydramine atsedative doses (not analgesic).The results suggested that synergism (super-additive)interaction of diphenhydramine and metoclopramide combination was a good and safeantinociceptive effect produced by a combination of sedative dose for each drug . Thecombination of these drugs very important in practice of the veterinary medicine.

The study was performed to find out the effect of chlorine and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) of chlorinated water in some hygienic and Physiological traits of malerabbits, this experiment was accomplished in animal research farm / Veterinary MedicineCollege, Baghdad University from 20th November 2017 up to 20th January 2018.Twentyeightmale rabbits were used at age of 3 month and randomly distributed equally in fourgroups(seven male) per group, body weight was considered as the following: Firstgroup(chlorine free water) as a control group, second group (tap water), thirdgroup(chlorine 3ppm), fourth group(chlorine 5ppm).All groups were daily fed onconcentrated diet(pellet 75gm/ head), Alfalfa and specific water for each group wereoffered freely. Blood samples were collected and serum samples were obtained at biweeklyintervals to measurement the hemoglobin concentration(Hb), Packed Cell Volume(PCV),malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, total protein, transaminase enzyme(AST,ALT),alkaline phosphate, bilirubin to detect hygienic and Physiological traits. Data werestatistically analyzed, the results of this study revealed the significant (P<0.05) andnonsignificant differences in some hygienic and Physiological traits among groups ofdifferent periods. Accordingly, it could be concluded from this study the effect of chlorineand it's disinfection by-products(DBPs) of chlorinated water lead to many changes in somehygienic and Physiological traits in male rabbits compare with tap water , so that waterquality had direct effect on hygienic and productive performance of the animals.

In the present study, the histo-morphometric comparison study of colon in goat and sheep wasaimed. Ten of clinically healthy sheep and goats of both sexes were collected by Al-Simawaabattoir, age ranged between 2 to 3 years, which was estimated according to the dental equationof the animals. The colon was cut and stained alternatively with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)and (PAS).The epithelium was simple tall columnar epithelia that has goblet cells, these epithelia lining thefolds of mucosa . In sheep the folds characters by a large number of goblet cells and the foldappeared long leaf-shaped folds arranged in a zig-zag pattern , whereas, in goat appeared shortand blunt. The submucosa of the colon in the animals composed of abundant, dense connectivetissue containing blood vessels and nerves. The muscularis externia composed of a thin, outerlongitudinal layer and a thick inner circular layer between this was a narrow connective tissue.Externally, there was coated with layer of simple squamous epithelium under which was a thinlayer of loose connective tissue containing a few small elastic fibers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of graveola and extract ofeucalyptus productions on liver regeneration. 16 mature males rabbit were used. Theanimals were divided into two equal groups. The animals were anesthetized byketamine and xylazine as general anesthesia. The animals were anesthetized byatropine sulphate (1mg /Kg B.W) intramuscularly as premedication and 15 minuteslater a mixture of xylazine hydrochloride (20mg /Kg B.W) and Ketaminehydrochloride (40 mg /Kg B.W) intramuscularly. After anesthetized the rabbits andpreparation the site of operation was done in the upper part of abdomen, then Surgicalincision was done and exposure of fourth lobe of the live. The liver handling bythump forceps and the stitches was done on the lobe. Three knots were tied anddissecting scissors were used to cut the tied lobe just distal to the suture. Then theabdominal wall was approximated with a running 3-0 Polyglactin suture, and theskin was closed with a running 2-0 polyamide suture. And after hepatoctomy dividedthe animals to two equal groups; first group give the graveola orally and second groupgive the extracted eucalyptus orally too for 15 days . The clinical parameters includedtemperature, respiratory , and heart rates, were within acceptable limits postoperatively in all animals in two groups. The intra-abdominal adhesions in differentdegrees of evaluations and occurred among liver, different organs and abdominal wallthat more frequency in graviola group when compared with another treated group.Histopathological Examinations was done by taken the liver biopsies on 15th day postoperatively. The histopathological results of this study revealed that the liver regeneration similar maturity in two groups

The present study was designed to show the potential role of zinc oxide nanoparticles againstthe toxicity of L. donovani. The study were conducted on 15 adult male rats that arranged inthree groups (5 rates for each), The control group that received normal saline, The second is thegroup with rats injected with L. donovani at dose rate of 1.2× 1 0 6 cell/ 0.2ml . intraperitoneally,The third group is rats injected with L. donovani at a dose rate of 1.2× 1 0 6 cell/ 0.2ml andtreated with50ug/kg of ZnO-NPs for two weeks. The results show a high significant increased (P< 0.05) in levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and a high significant decreased (P < 0.05) inlevels of GSH, catalase in the second group compared with the controls. The results of thirdgroup showed non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters compared with controls whenusing green zinc oxide nanoparticles. The results of the histopathological study of sectionsprepared from animals of the second group indicated a thickening wall of bronchiole in mostregions with sever lymphocytes infiltration and damage in wall of alveoli. However , Aftertreatment, the sections that prepared from the third group show a semi-normal structure ofbronchiole, alveolar sac and alveoli. It has been was concluded that green zinc oxidenanoparticles have the true been potential role against the toxicity of L. donovani in adult malerats.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cumin on diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats. Male Wister rats were used, and randomly divided into five groups (6-8 rats for each group): The first group: was administered distilled water and served as normal control, the second group: induced diabetes by single subcutaneous injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg.body weight and served as diabetic control, the 3,4,5 groups was administered 50,100,200 gm/kg of rat's forage respectively for four weeks, then diabetes are induced in this groups by same route as above. Cumin treatment in all doses lead to significant decrease glucose levels, and triglyceride and significant decrease in cholesterol level in dose 100, 200 gm/kg of forage and no change occur in total protein level. These results indicate that cumin have a role in delaying of diabetes through the effects of cumin in decrease some biochemical parameters.

This study was performed to investigate M. agalactiae as a cause of mastitis in sheep andgoat and study some hematological and biochemical parameters, for this aims (102) milksamples and (102) blood samples from mastitic sheep and goat were collected . our resultsshowed that detection of M. agalactiae in ratio of (10.87 %) and (16.6 % ) by culture andPCR technique. Regarding biochemical parameters we noted that zinc decrease significantly(P ≤ 0.05) in infected group, while copper, Total protein, Albumin and Globulin levels notaffected. As far as hematological parameters we noted no significant differences betweenInfected and Non Infected group in the level of WBC and Hb while significant decrease inthe level of RBC and PCV in infected group in compare with control group . we concludefrom this study M. agalactiae consider as one of mastitis cause in Salahaldeen province andit affects on hematological and biochemical parameters in studied group.

The genus Salmonella is one of the most important enteric pathogens, over the worldSalmonella Entritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are the two most widespread serotypes thatlead to salmonellosis in human and animals and are often transferred to humans by infectedanimals and their products. The present study was conducted to compare the culture methods, API20E test and PCR assays for detection of Salmonella spp. isolated from 300 different samplescollected from various sources included healthy and infected human, cows ,chickens, chickenseggs and other sources. To achieve this goal three selective media were used included (XLD, S.S.and KIA agar) in addition to using the chromogenic salmonella media and the result of culturingwas compared with the results of API 20E test and PCR assays . We find that the using ofchromogenic media and PCR assay for detection of Salmonella spp. is more current and efficientthan using selective media and/or API 20E.