Histological sections of the embryos and fetuses of the Sprague Dawley rats were usedto study the ocular developmental stages. Microscopic examination indicated that the primordialtissue related to the eye is found in the head fold region as an optic pit, then form the opticvesicle. The latter is invaginated upon itself to form the optic cup. The lens vesicle, which hadseparated from the ectoderm, was distinctly visible. Hence, lens capsule and fibers were evident.The front lens of the eye is derived from the superficial ectoderm and from the cornea.The optic vesicle is destined to form the retina. The mesenchymal cells found between themargins of the cup and the lens is involved in the formation of the vitreous body. In conclusion,the organogenesis of the ocular tissues in studied rats becomes evident when the optic cup andinvaginated lens placode were begun to be formed which can bemorphologically identified on the 12th embryonic day. The current information about theembryonic and fetal development of the rat’s eye gives more concepts for subsequentmorphological and physiological works or experiments.

Camels’ milk has gained so many attentions recently because of its unique therapeuticeffects. Iraq is one of the Arab countries with a long history of camel husbandry and few studiesregarding this important products’ compositions. In this study fresh milk samples from 78apparently healthy she camels from Wasit province were collected and analyzed. According tothe results means ± Standard Deviation (SD) for Fat, Protein, and Lactose were 3.48 ± 0.95, 4.23± 1.61 and 4.3 ± 2.56 percent, respectively. In addition, values for Total solids, Solid non-fat,Salt values were 9.0 ± 1.43, 8.64 ± 1.75, and 0.73 ± 0.08 percent, respectively. And means ± SDfor Density was 1.031 ± 0.0032 g/cm3 in this study. Data analysis revealed that sampling datewas correlated with the milk’s fat, density, and pH (p<0.05). She camels’ age was correlatedwith salt values of their milk (p<0.001); while, their parity numbers correlated with the proteinand salt values of the milk (p<0.05). Our findings fell within the published literature with minorvariations; however, higher means for fat, protein and lactose were yielded compared to studiesfrom other countries. Owners should be educated that they could obtain milk with better qualityand higher quantity by improving feeding and husbandry measures.

This study was designed to Evaluate the biological activity of Schiff base derived fromphenyl ethyl amine produced novel compound used in this experiment. Thirty adult male ratsage (10-14) weeks (150-200) gm weights were included and separate randomly into 5 groups (6rats / group) and treated for 21days intraperitoneally (I.P) as follows:- Group 1 (control):0.5ml/day of DMSO daily ,Group 2: 18mg/kg of NaNO2, daily ,Group 3 94 mg/kg of phenylethyl amine daily ,Group 4 18 mg/kg of NaNO2, then after one hour 0.5ml/day from 66.8mg/kgof synthesis compound daily , Group 5: 0.5ml/day from 66.8mg/kg of synthesized compound.According to finding Results there was significant ameliorative effects of Schiff base againstsodium nitrate toxicity in several physiological parameters as (R.B.C. count , Hb. concentration ,PCV. ,W.B.C. count MID%, TSH,T3 andT4 levels ) which the result showed there weresignificant decreased in this parameters in group 5 where administrate sodium nitrate and afterone hour novel compound in compared with group 2 sodium nitrate alone .

The cats might severely affected and became carrier for Hemoplasma spp., sothe current study were aimed to investigate hemoplasmosis in cate in Basarh city,Iraq.This work was conducted via examine (20) cats of local cat breeds in Basarhcity, using their blood samples for stained smear and blood parameters.The Giemsastained blood smears revealed seven (35%) cats infected with Hemoplasmosis.However, thirteen (65%) was found negative. Diseased cats show pale and or/ictericmucos membranes, dehydration, emaciation, loos of appetite, and weakness,Moreover , a significant increase of body temperature, respiratory and heart rate wasindicated. Results was also show a significant decrease of RBC,HB and PCV ofdiseased cats which reflected Normocytic Normochromic type of anemia.Hemoplasma spp. of infected cats appears round or rod shape singular or chainedlocated on the cell membranes of the infected erythrocytes .It was concluded thatfeline mycoplasmosis lead to deleterious effects which might terminated with deathof affected cats .

The aim of study was to explore the analgesic and sedative effects of tramadoland metoclopramide co-adminstration in sheep. Injection of tramadol intramuscular at5mg/kg body weight in sheep produced deep sedation, recompense and analgesia incomparison with dose of 2.5mg/kg body weight which produced only mild sedationand failed as analgesic dose. Intramuscular injection of metoclopramide at 20mg/kgbody weight in sheep produced deep sedation, recompense and analgesia incomparisons with dose of 10 mg/kg which produced only sedation and failed asanalgesic dose. Intramuscular injection of metoclopramide at dose20mg/kg ortramadol at 5mg/kg body weight in sheep each alone were produced deep sedation,recumbence and analgesia while metoclopramide at 10mg/kg body weight or tramadola(t2.5mg/kg b. W) produced only mild sedation and each dose felid to producedanalgesia in sheep. Concomitant administration of tramadol at dose2.5mg/kg bodyweight to sheep and metoclopramide at dose 10mg/kg body weight intramuscular assedatives not analgesia dose produced a significant increase in sedation score andproduced deep sedation with recompense as well as good analgesia in comparisonwith control group and group of tramadol or metoclopramide alone.

This study aims to manufacture protein concentrates from the hydrolysates protein ofpoultry feathers and camel hair and comparing the effect of using these protein concentrates onsome productive characteristics. The studied traits included the percentage of egg production,feed consumption, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion efficiency, and total mortality. As wellas the sensory characteristics of meat (colour, tenderness, juiciness, flavour and generalacceptance). A total of 90 quail females aged 36 weeks were randomly assigned to threetreatments (3 replicates for each treatment). The birds fed the following experimental diets: Thefirst treatment (control diet containing 5% commercial protein concentrates). The secondtreatment (a diet containing hydrolysates protein manufacture from the feather of 5%). The thirdtreatment (a diet containing hydrolysates protein manufacture of camel hair by 5%). The resultsshowed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of egg production, egg mass, andfeed conversion efficiency. Except for feed consumption, weight of eggs and total mortality rate,the differences were not significant. As for the sensory qualities, the quail meat samples treatedwith the protein concentrates made of feathers and camel hair have a higher degree of flavourcompared to the control treatment. Differences did not appear in the degree of generalacceptance of the meat product of birds in various treatment. It can be concluded that theaddition of protein hydrolysates from poultry feathers and camel hair to the diets of Japanesequail by 5% improve the productive performance of this bird and most meat qualities.

The establishment of modern sheep production systems in Iraq, lead to presence of variousforms of hybridization between the native and Middle East breeds which have been utilized forgenetic improvement. This occur in consistence with the progressive destruction or deteriorationof sheep habitat. Together, these factors have accelerated the loss of genetic diversity or evenresulted in the extinction of some indigenous breeds. Therefore, it is important to developefficient strategies for surveillance, evaluation, conservation and utilization of the availablegenetic resources for this species. Seven random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD)marker used. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity for Awassi native breed inIraq. The higher polymorphism information contents at the seven markers (Seventy- three bandsobtained with 28.3% of polymorphism) indicate the retention of natural variation from sourcepopulations for the domestic breeds of different geographic regions in Iraq. Analysis of geneticdifferentiation revealed substantial divergence among these breeds as 16% diversity indicatingthat some evolutionary forces (e.g. selection and migration, uncontrolled selling across borders)had acted on these populations. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses displayed aremarkable degree of consistency between geographic origins, breeding histories and the patternof genetic differentiation.

The present study aims to compare gross anatomical, histological andhistochemical structures of the larynx, trachea and syrinx between mature(Drake) andimmature (Duckling) male duck(Anas platyrinchous ) . Twelve healthy local malesducks were divided into two groups. Six Drake at one year old and six Duckling atthree months .For anatomical study the larynx, trachea and syrinx were measured byusing vernia . For histological study specimens from larynx, trachea and syrinx werefixed in 10% formaldehyde after that the specimens embedded in paraffin. The next steptissues were sectioned using microtome and stained with routine stain and special stains.The anatomical results revealed that larynx, syrinx and trachea are identical in positionin both Drake and Duckling , but differ in size . The histological results revealed thatlarynx of both Drake and Duckling lined by keratinized pseudostratified squamousepithelial tissue that appears thicker in Drake than Duckling . Trachea of Drake andDuckling lined with ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelial with mucous glands ,supported by ossified cartilages in Drake and hyaline cartilage in Duckling . Syrinx ofboth Drake and Duckling lining by the ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelial withfew goblet cells. Beneath it the lamina properia and sub mucosa that contained in looseconnective tissue with blood vessels and amount of elastic and collagen fibers beneathit in Drake spongy bone trabeculae that contains bone lacuna fills with osteocytes ,while in Duckling hyaline cartilage . The hyaline cartilage consists of lacuna whichcontains chondrocytes.

The study aimed to determine the effects of higher levels of methioninesupplementation than the recommended NRC level in the diets on the weight andhistomorphology of the bursa of Fabricius as indicators for the immune status of broilerchickens. A total of 60, one-day-old, broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups (Control, T1,T2, and T3 groups) and accommodated in separate pens at the College of AgriculturalEngineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani. The chicks were fed on a starter diet for thefirst 11, a grower diet on days 12-25 and a finisher diet on days 26-42. The methioninesupplement MethioGrow was added daily to the drinking water of the treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 by the levels 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 ml per liter respectively for 42 days, whereas thoseof the control group were provided with additives-free drinking water. On day 42, the chickswere euthanized and the bursa of Fabricius was excised, weighed by a sensitive balance and5μm thick tissue sections were obtained, stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin stains andexamined by a light microscope to examine the histological findings. The weights’ mean ofthe bursa of Fabricius on day 42 was significantly higher in groups T2 and T3 than in thecontrol group and the microscopic examination of the bursa of Fabricius revealed slightincrease in numbers of lymphocytes in the medullary region of the lymphoid follicles inchicks of the treatment groups 1 and 2 (T1 and T2) and slight increase in lymphocytes inboth the cortical and medullary regions of the lymphoid follicles in chicks of the treatmentgroup 3 (T3) in comparison with chicks of the control group. In conclusion, the obtainedresults revealed that supplementation of higher levels of methionine in the broiler diet thanthe level recommended by the NRC has positive effects on the immune status of the broilersand they support the suggestions of previous reports that referred to the insufficiency ofmethionine requirements of broiler based on recommendations of NRC to meet the realrequirements of the commercial poultry farms.

The present study is conduct to evaluated the deleterious effects ofadministration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on the some oxidative stress and lipidprofile parameters of laboratory male rats (Rattus rattus), we used eighteen adult malerats randomly divided into three equal groups ( six in each). Group 1 (control) theanimals treated by given oral normal saline (0.2 ml), group 2 was treated by oraldimethylnitrosamine 30 mg/kg/day, group 3 the animals were treated by oral Nacetylcysteine 300 mg/kg/day followed by dimethylnitrosamine 30 mg/kg/day. At theend of experimental period, rats were sacrificed. Blood was collected by cardiacpuncture to investigate lipid profile and oxidative parameters including serum MDA,glutathione, catalase, and SOD. Results showed a significant reduction in SOD,Catalase, glutathione, and HDL, and a significant increase in MDA, LDL, totalcholesterol, triglyceride, after DMN treatment, while these changes were returned tonearly normal level when they combined NAC with DMN treatment for the 30 daystreatment when compared with the control group.