In the present study, a hepatic mass measured 9×11×5 cm in the right hepatic lobe was detected incidentally in a less than two years old male Somali goat during routine meat inspection at the Central Muscat Municipality Slaughterhouse, Oman. Gross and microscopic examination revealed a hepatocellular adenoma, a rare finding in goats.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive and round-shaped bacterium. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction. Pathogenic isolates support infections by producing protein toxins and the expression of a cell-surface protein virulence factors. Sepsis-related to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has significant morbidity and high mortality rates (15-30%). The methicillin resistance for S. aureus is coded with the MecA gene, while the methicillin sensitivity is coded with the Nuc gene, and they are chromosomal. Similarly, it is coded with the coagulase gene for S. aureus (Coa). In this study, the 16S rRNA gene identification by Real-Time PCR was investigated in forty S. aureus isolates, which were cultured at different times in terms of MIC and SIR tests. The isolates used in the study were determined at the gene level in terms of their differences in methicillin resistance gene (MecA), methicillin susceptibility gene (Nuc), coagulase gene (Coa) and intraspecies differences were examined.As a result of the study, Staphylococcus spp. yielded positive results with 16S rRNA gene-specific primers in all isolates. Real-Time PCR analysis of the isolates with SYBRGreen-based PCR analysis was performed with 16S rRNA gene-specific primers, and the samples were confirmed to be Staphylococcus. Analysis at the family level was followed by Coa, Nuc, and MecA gene Real-Time PCR results, and it was found that, in terms of Coa and Nuc genes, 19 isolates were positive and 21 isolates were negative. In terms of MecA gene, 16 isolates were positive according to the positive sigmoidal curves and to the single peak melting values, whereas 24 isolates were found to be negative.It is thought that this study will benefit the community by contributing to the rapid and effective treatment and diagnosis of infections caused by coagulase-positive/negative Staphylococci.

The aim of this study was to compare the fertility parameters in response to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (conventional treatment) or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (alternative treatment) in Romanov sheep subjected to a 7-d short-term protocol during non-breeding season. All sheep (n:57) were subjected to short-term synchronization protocol. Intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg fluorogestone acetate was inserted for 7 days and all sheep received 125 µg cloprostenol at sponge removal. Sheep were randomly assigned to receive no additional treatment (CON, n:16), 240 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG, n:24) at sponge removal or 10 µg buserelin acetate (GnRH, n:17) at 30 h after sponge removal. Natural mating was performed following detection of estrous with fertile eight Romanov rams. Estrous response, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and litter size were compared among groups. Estrous response and pregnancy rate were 86% and 75.4% in all sheep, respectively. Estrous response was numerically higher about 7% (p>0.05) in treatment groups (PMSG, 87.5%; GnRH, 88.2%) than CON (81.2%). However, pregnancy rate was numerically higher (p>0.05) in PMSG (83.3%) than GnRH (70.6%) and CON (68.7%). Similarly, lambing rate in the PMSG (79.1%) was approximately 15% numerically greater (p>0.05) than in GnRH (64.7%) and CON (62.5%). In addition, litter size in PMSG (2.1) was also numerically higher (p>0.05) than GnRH (1.9) and CON (1.9).The use of GnRH provided similar estrous response compared to use of PMSG in Romanov sheep synchronized with short-term protocol. However, use of PMSG provided numerically higher pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and litter size than use of GnRH. Considering the serious ethical concerns and animal welfare for the production of PMSG, it is necessary to use alternative gonadotropins. Comprehensive studies are needed to compare the fertility parameters between application of PMSG and GnRH in Romanov sheep.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has become a target for treating many diseases, especially cancer. Many factors are influential in the cell's pathway to apoptosis. The defects in these pathways may transform the cell to become malignant, and the organism may face a lethal outcome such as cancer. Understanding apoptosis will provide clues in guiding the pathogenesis of diseases. Two main pathways leading to apoptosis, intrinsic and extrinsic, take an active role. The granzyme B pathway is also considered an apoptotic pathway, and this pathway is activated by enzymes secreted by immune cells such as T and NK. Many caspase molecules have initiator and enforcer roles and are active at critical points in the cell's apoptosis process. In cancer treatments, activating molecules in these pathways and repairing disrupted pathways are among the target approaches. This review discusses target strategies for inhibiting apoptotic pathways and molecules in cancer cells and activating these apoptotic pathways.

Kinesio taping (KT) is a technique extrapolated from human physiotherapy consisting of the application of an elastic tape to the skin to trigger analgesic, muscular, postural correction and circulatory effects. It is an easily applicable technique that has been developed in the field of equine physiotherapy over the last decade. The objective of this research is to evaluate the analgesic effect of KT applied to spinous processes of the horse measuring mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). KT was applied on 5 spinous processes of 15 horses, in two different experiments, comprising KT with 50% tension (KTT) and KT with no tension (KTNT). Measurements were taken before application of the tape (M0), 60 minutes after (M1) and 24 hours after, following its removal (M2). Clinical assessment of sensitivity to palpation was conducted at M0 and M2. Outcomes obtained at M0 were compared to those obtained at M1 and M2, and between both tests (KTT-KTNT). A significant increase in the MNTs at M1 was observed in both tests but not maintained following its removal 24 hours later. Sensitivity to palpation decreased in practically all the spinous processes in both tests. No significant changes were observed in the comparative analysis between both tests. KT applied to spinous processes of the horse with and without tension causes an increase in the MNTs 60 minutes after application. This effect is not sustained following taping removal although there is a clinically significant decrease of the sensitivity to palpation of the spinous processes.

This study aimed to characterize the different Staphylococci recovered from mastitic cows and buffaloes. A total of 126 mastitis milk samples were aseptically collected from clinically mastitic animals including 87 cows and 39 buffaloes. Bacteriological examination and biochemical identification using VITEK-2-compact-SYSTEM revealed that a total of 94 Staphylococcus isolates (74.6%) were recovered; 56 isolates (59.6%) and 38 isolates (40%) from cows and buffaloes, respectively. S. aureus was the most predominant isolate (n=26; 15 from cows and 11 from buffaloes) with a percentage of 27.7%. Moreover, 68 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates (72.3%) were identified of which; 21 S. epidermidis (22.3%); all isolates were from cattle, followed by 18 S. lentus (19.1%); 8 and 10 from cows and buffaloes, respectively, 17 S. simulans (18%); 6 and 11 isolates, respectively, and finally 12 S. hominis (12.9%); 5 and 7 isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. On the contrary, all isolates were resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 21 (22.3%) Staphylococci isolates. Biofilm formation capacity was phenotypically assessed on YESCA CR agar medium and showed that all Staphylococci isolates were curli-producing. Application of PCR technique revealed that sed, seb genes were the most prevalent genes in all isolates, followed by fnbA gene which was detected in 80% of the isolates, and then mecA, blaZ, and icaA with percentages of 60%, 40%, and 40%, respectively.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in table eggs in El-Fayoum city, Egypt. A total of 250 table egg samples (75 Baladi hens’, 75 white farm hens’, 75 brown farm hens’ and 25 duck egg samples) were collected randomly from poultry farms, groceries, supermarkets, and street vendors in El-Fayoum city, Egypt. Each Baladi hen ҆s egg sample was represented by five eggs, while each farm hen ҆s and duck egg sample was represented by three eggs. The shells and contents of eggs were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus spp < /em>., coagulase (coa), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (Ses) genes. The obtained results revealed that the examined samples of shells and contents of Baladi hens ҆, poultry farms ҆ (white and brown), and ducks ҆ eggs were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. with incidences of 24.0, 9.3, 5.3, 44.0, 8.0, 2.7, 1.3 and 12.0 %, respectively and coagulase-positive S. aureus with the incidences of 16.7, 14.3, 0.0, 18.2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 and 33.3 %, respectively. Enterotoxin profiling by PCR proved that two classical enterotoxin genes (Seb and Sed) were produced from three (42.86%) coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, as two Baladi hens’ ҆ eggshells produced Seb and one of the ducks ҆ egg contents produced Sed. The public health hazards of the isolated strains and enterotoxins had been discussed.

Salmonellosis is one of the most important problems in poultry industry and a critical food safety hazard. In the present study the prevalence of avian Salmonellosis was studied in different farms of broiler chickens in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt during the period from January to April 2020. A total of 140 samples were taken from slaughtered diseased or freshly dead broiler chickens aged from one to 35 days. Bacteriological examination revealed that 7.14% of the samples were Salmonella positive. Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that S. kentucky, S. blegdam and S. virchow were recognized at rates of 40%, 30% and 30%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that all salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). All isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline (100%) while 90% were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim and norofloxacin. On the other hand, 80% of isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Results of screening of some MDR isolates by multiplex PCR for detection of some virulence genes showed that all the tested isolates (100%) had invA, stn, spvC genes meanwhile pefA was not detected in any isolate.

Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production that still enzootic in livestock in many developing countries including Egypt. This study was conducted with the general objective of establishing the bacteriological status of bovine brucellosis in 15 governorates in Egypt during 2020-2021 to determine the circulating Brucella species on bacteriological and molecular basis. Clinical samples collected included milk or udder secretions, vaginal discharges, fetal membranes and stomach contents of aborted fetuses from dairy cows with history of brucellosis. In addition, lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac and supramammary) from carcasses of serologically positive animals were obtained from different localities for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. A total of 136 Brucella isolates were recovered from cattle in different governorates, Egypt. These include, 107 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 identified on bacteriological and molecular basis from Aswan, Beheira, Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Fayoum, Gharbia, Giza, Ismailia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Luxor, Monufia, Port Said, Qalyubia and Sharqia governorates. On the other hand, 29 Brucella abortus biovar 1 isolates were recovered from cattle from Beni Suef, Dakahlia, Damietta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Monufia, Port Said and Sharqia governorates. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting IS711 gene confirmed Brucella on genus level. Multiplex PCR has amplified four fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, 1071 bp, and1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3, and three fragments of 450bp, 587 bp, and 1682 bp for B. abortus biovar 1. The identification of Brucella spp. in different farm animals of 15 Egyptian governorates highlights the dynamics and role of cattle in dissemination of Brucella infection all over the country. The obtained results indicate that the actual Brucellosis status during the years 2020 and 2021 refers to that B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are the prevalent types circulating in different Egyptian governorates.

An 8-year-old spayed female, mixed dog presented multiple, bloody exudative skin lesions on the bilateral flank which spread 1 week after mastectomy for treatment of mammary gland tumor (MGT). Multiple, ill-marginated, irregular, and heterogeneously thickened cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and enlarged lymph nodes were identified in ultrasound and computed tomography. Histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion presumed to be metastatic MGT. Clinical signs improved after chemotherapy but died after 1 month. This study suggests that cutaneous metastasis be considered for differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in dogs with a history of MGT, although skin metastasis from MGT is rare.