Objective: To determine the effects of oral prednisone administration with or without ultralow-dose acetylsalicylic acid on coagulation parameters in healthy dogs and to assess intraindividual variation in thromboelastography results. Animals: 14 healthy research dogs and 10 healthy client-owned dogs. Procedures: In a randomized controlled trial, research dogs underwent thromboelastography twice (3 days apart), and intraindividual variation in test results was calculated. Dogs were given prednisone (2 mg/kg/d, PO) plus acetylsalicylic acid (0.5 mg/kg/d, PO) or prednisone (2 mg/kg/d, PO) plus a placebo for 14 days, after which thromboelastography and other tests were repeated. Differences from preadministration (baseline) test results between and within groups were compared. In a separate trial, client-owned dogs also underwent thromboelastography twice 2 days apart to assess intraindividual variation in untreated dogs. Results: Intraindividual variation in thromboelastography results for research dogs was ≤ 10% for maximum amplitude (MA) and α angle. In the research dogs, MA and fibrinogen values significantly increased from baseline, whereas percentage lysis 30 minutes after attainment of the MA as well as antithrombin activity significantly decreased within each group. In the dogs that received prednisone plus a placebo, percentage lysis 60 minutes after attainment of the MA was significantly lower than at baseline. For all parameters for research dogs, there was no difference between groups for change from baseline. Intraindividual variation in findings for client-owned dogs was similar to the variation for research dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Prednisone administration resulted in hypercoagulability in healthy dogs as indicated by an increase in MA and plasma fibrinogen concentration and a decrease in antithrombin activity. Concurrent ultralow-dose acetylsalicylic acid use had no effect on measured thromboelastography values. The high intraindividual variation in some thromboelastography parameters may preclude routine use of this technique in clinical practice.

Objective: To determine the effects of carprofen and etodolac on renal function in euvolemic dogs and dogs with extracellular fluid volume depletion induced via administration of furosemide. Animals: 12 female Beagles. Procedures: Dogs received a placebo, furosemide, carprofen, etodolac, furosemide and carprofen, and furosemide and etodolac. The order in which dogs received treatments was determined via a randomization procedure. Values of urine specific gravity, various plasma biochemical variables, glomerular filtration rate (GFR [urinary clearance of creatinine]), and renal plasma flow (urinary clearance of para-aminohippuric acid) were determined before and after 8 days of drug administration. A washout time of approximately 12 days was allowed between treatment periods. Results: Administration of furosemide, furosemide and carprofen, and furosemide and etodolac caused changes in urine specific gravity and values of plasma biochemical variables. Administration of carprofen or etodolac alone did not have a significant effect on renal plasma flow or GFR. Concurrent administration of furosemide and carprofen or furosemide and etodolac caused a significant decrease in GFR. After 12-day washout periods, mean values of GFR were similar to values before drug administration for all treatments. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results indicated GFR decreased after 8 days of concurrent administration of furosemide and carprofen or furosemide and etodolac to dogs. Administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to dogs with extracellular fluid volume depletion or to dogs treated with diuretics may transiently impair renal function.

This study to evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentration of alcohol garlic extraction ,formalin and glucose .Liver and lung protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 100ul,200 ul,500 ul & 1000 ul of alcohol garlic extraction ;100ul ,500 ul & 1000 ul of formalin; 10%,20% ,30% &50% of glucose were used as the positive control ,while physiological saline was used as negative control. Viability of protoscolices was determined using 1% of aqueous eosin stain method. The percentage ( 100%) of mean of dead protoscolices after 1 hr ,2.5 hr , 3 hr& 5 hr of 1000 ul, 500 ul ,200 ul & 100 ul of alcohol garlic extraction respectively . The statistical analysis ( T- test ) showed that was significant differences between the means protoscolicidal effects of alcohol garlic extraction & physiological saline (P

Biochemical composition of Cysticercus tenuicollis (n=11) which isolated from local native sheep showed they have varied averages and ranges in compare with plasma level which reflected various stages of growth .Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides total protein, uric acid, urea , Ca2+ ,Mg2+ and creatinine levels were involved. Histochemical study of parasite bladder revealed it composed from various kind of cells which are fibroblast , mesenchimal cell ,squamous epithelial like cell , and vacuolated undifferentiated cell with semi-gelatinous mucoid tissue.

During this study examination of 205 blood samples collected from four species of birds , chickens(50), ducks(75), turkeys(30), and pigeon(50) in different regions of Mosul city for the detection of Aegyptianella spp. The total percentage of infection was 28.29% and infection was (33.33%), (30%), (26.66%), and (20%) in ducks ,pigeons, turkeys and chickens respectively . An Anaplasma –like organism form ,rounded and piriform shaped with varying sizes 0.83-4.15μ . Parasitemia in chickens, pigeons, turkeys, and ducks respectively were1.7%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.8%.

Two hundred and eighty three bovine milk samples were diagnosed as subclinical mastitis by three indirect tests , the results were reported that the California mastitis test was the best one . Forty –four (15.55%) strains were identified as coagulase –negative staphylococci, Bacteriological cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified as 14 (31.8%) strains of S. scuiri , 7 (16%) strains of S. lentus,6 (13.6%) strains of S. gallinarum, 4 (9%) for each strains of S. warneri, and S. xylosus , 3 (6.8%) strains of S. saprophyticus , 2 (4.5%) for each strains of S. lugdunensis , S. haemolyticus and strains of S. cohnii. The percentage of antibiotic resistant in CNS were 97.7% for Ampicillin , (86.4% )for Novbiocen +Penicillin and (77.2%) for Oxcillin. While the percentage of antibiotic sensative were (100%) for each of Ciprofloxacin , Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin.

This study was undertaken to find the phytochemical composition of Typha domingensis pers. Fruite and the effect of the methanolic extract on some biochemical parameters such as serum glucose , cholesterol , total protein , AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in adult male rabbits after oral administration of different doses ( 500,1000,1500 mg/ Kg) daily for 30 days . Rabbits were divided into four groups 6 rabbits in each , group I animals received only 3 ml normal saline orally as control ,while groups(II ,III and IV) were orally administrated (500,1000,1500 mg/kg) of methanolic extract respectively .The result of the present study indicated that Typha domingensis pers. Fruite contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins,. Significantly decreased (p< 0.05) was observed in serum level of glucose, AST, ALT and ALP while, no significant different (p>0.05) in serum level of cholesterol and total proteins were observed as compared with control group. This study concluded that methanolic extract of Typha domingensis pers. Fruite can act as anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective agent . INTRODUCTION The Typha

A five months as toxologic pathologic study of diazinon on male wild pigeons ( Culumba livia gaddi) by oral intubation was done. The animals divided to four groups each with six pigeons: A( high dose 0.6 mg), B( intermediate dose of 0.3 mg), C( low dose 0.15 mg) and D(untreated control). Clinical observation of treated pigeons did not show significant changes, but a clear histopathological changes were founded. In livers of group A showed a periportal foci of mononuclear cells, while, another showed a septal fibrosis and foci of mononuclear cells in the same group. A foci of mononuclear cells were shown in group B. In group C there was a periportal fibrosis, congestion and foci of mononuclear cells. A dilated cortical tubules were showed in kidney in all groups. While, in section from sciatic nerve related to groups (A-C) showed degenerated and vacuolated nerve fibers, and vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in group B and C. A several degenerate vacuolated nerve fibers were founded in the spinal cord of pigeons in A group, while, in B group a degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers. In C group a several degenerate, vacuolated nerve fibers

The aim of this study is to point out the dangers of accumulative intake of excessive amount of Nacl either by drinking water or ration which can lead to many pathological tissue changes of body organs. Three groups of laboratory animals mostly male (3 mices for each group); distributed as high dose fed animals, Intermediate dose fed animals, and control group and this experiment continue for six months. Taken autopsy showed may gross changes characterized by regions of pale areas in liver with enlarged kidney, while microscopic findings appeared in several body organs; kidney, liver, heart, skeletal muscles, skin but were predominately in kidney which varied as being illustrated in figures with comments.

In this study is used larvae of sarcophaga heamorridalis fly which its characterized by large in length and gluttony in eat of carcasses, it stay for 7days at dead tissues until reach to pupa stage . Larvae were added to dead animals (pigeon , rabbit,hawk,fish,bird), after that it began feeding from first stage to third stage and it take good result that leave body without muscles, whereas skin and skeleton were kept