Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most commercially and clinically effective chemotherapeutics, but its toxicity causes significant problems with its administration.  Consequently, it was intended in the current research to explore the potential activity of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and propolis against PTX-induced cardiopulmonary damage. Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into six groups: control group; given saline, CoQ10 group; given CoQ10 (100 mg/kg b.wt daily), propolis group; given propolis (200 mg/kg b.wt daily), PTX group; given PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt i.p.), CoQ10+PTX group; given CoQ10 (100 mg/kg b.wt daily) before PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt) and propolis+PTX group; given propolis (200 mg/kg b.wt) before PTX (7.5 mg/kg b.wt). All treatments were received for 4 weeks. The PTX group had significantly higher serum concentrations of CK-MB and LDH. This result was concomitant with histopathological changes that represented by cardiac necrosis and degeneration together with congestion, edema and hemorrhage in the heart. Lung injury induced by PTX was characterized by perivascular hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltrates, bronchiolestenosis, hyperplasia and/or desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar emphysema, congestion, interstitial edema and fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels walls. Besides, pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed by Van Gieson stain. Immunohistochemical staining for IL-1β revealed positive immunoexpression in heart and lung tissue. Treatment with CoQ10 and propolis ameliorated the cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by PTX indicated by improved microscopic picture of heart and lungs, serum biochemical parameters and decrease IL-1β immunoreactivity in heart and lung tissues. In conclusion, CoQ10 could be the best choice to counteract the cardiopulmonary toxicity produced by PTX exposure.

Fish have a number of bacteria naturally, causing foodborne infections. The present work was conducted to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Aeromonas spp. in Bluespot mullet and the antibacterial effect of citric acid against the isolated pathogens. S. aureus was detected in 11 and 5 samples representing 44% and 20% of the total examined raw and cooked samples, respectively. Also, E. coli was detected in 6 and 2 samples representing 24% and 8% of the total examined raw and cooked samples, respectively. Pseudomonas spp. and Aermonas spp. were detected in 10 and 5 samples, representing 40% and 20% of the total examined raw bluespot mullet samples, respectively. While they weren’t detected in cooked bluespot mullet samples. The enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus were detected in 27.27% and 20% of raw and cooked samples, respectively.  Enterotoxins A, A&C and D were 9.09% while enterotoxin A was identified in 20% cooked bluespot mullets. The serological identification of E. coli showed the presence of O156: H7, O127: H6, O125:H21, O15: H12 and O91: H21. P. aeruginosa strains were divided into 2 serotypes P. aeruginosa serotype (O11 group E and O2 group B). pslA, oprL and toxA virulence genes of P. aeruginosa were detected in all examined isolates. Citric acid has great antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Aermonas spp as it causes complete inhibition for them. The findings suggest the application of citric acid during preparation of bluespot mullet is beneficial.

Repair of meniscal tears in the avascular zone represents an obstacle for orthopedic surgeons. Several therapeutic methods have been suggested to mange these tears including meniscectomy and meniscal allografts; however, their clinical application was restricted due to their disadvantages. These limitations inspired the necessity to develop products that possess the ability to initiate healing in such avascular tears. Hence, the goal of the current study is to assess and compare the regenerative capability of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance repair of avascular meniscal tears. After preparation of BMA and PRP, meniscal tear was conducted in the inner avascular zones in dogs and left untreated as control or treated with either BMA or PRP. Clinical observation of weight bearing, lameness, pain on manipulation, gait, and functional disability were investigated after 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of surgery. In addition, gross and histological evaluations were performed at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after surgery. Both materials demonstrated a positive improvement in clinical observations compared to the control group. Furthermore, repair of meniscal tears was stimulated in tears treated with either BMA or PRP with better gross and histological outcomes in PRP-treated group than BMA-treated group. To conclude, our findings showed that BMA and PRP possess the potential to enhance the healing process of meniscal tears in the inner avascular region with the superiority of PRP.

The objective of the current study was to examine the epidemiological factors associated with anti-toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted ewes in the Nineveh governorate in Iraq. Serum collected from a total of 213 aborted ewes was examined using the Latex agglutination test, and the titer of 1/16 was set as a cut-off titer for the seropositivity. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association of different epidemiological factors with the seropositivity. The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted ewes was 61.5%. The seropositivity was greater in 3 and 4 years-old ewes compared to those ≤ 2-years-old, and higher in flocks > 200 head compared to smaller flocks. The prevalence of potential recent infection was 26%. Recent infection was not identified in ewes with the last stages of gestation. The odds of recent infection were higher in aborted ewes during summer-autumn season than those aborted in winter-spring, and greater in flocks < 100 head compared to flocks > 200 head. The study concluded that Toxoplasma gondii infection is not negligible and could be considered a crucial pathogenic cause of abortion in ewes in the Nineveh governorate. Finally, flock management system is an important factor that can influence the prevalence of T. gondii in the governorate.

The study aimed to examine the distinct impacts of incorporating xylanase (Xyl), emulsifier (EM), and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) as dietary supplements in low metabolisable energy (ME) diets on performance, energy and protein efficiency ratios, oxidative biomarkers, gene expression, and gut morphology. Seven hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male-broilers were assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 28 birds each. The experimental group denoted as the positive control (PC) fed on diets in accordance with the breed recommendations. The negative control (NC) was subjected to a dietary intervention reducing the ME by 200 kcal/kg compared to the PC. The remaining experimental diets comprised NC diet that were supplemented with 0.01% Xyl, 0.03% EM and 0.06% GAA. Results showed that birds fed low-ME-diets increased their voluntary feed intake to meet their energy needs but was at the expense of their productive efficiency. Only NC+GAA partially restored broiler performance compared to PC. However, compared to the PC group Xyl, EM and GAA improved the energy and growth-related gene expression, oxidative biomarkers, and gut histomorphology (p < 0.05). The key features associated with Xyl and EM were growth-related genes and intestinal mucus, while GAA was associated with energy-related genes, oxidative biomarkers and jejunum-villi height and villus: crypt ratio. In conclusion, Xyl, EM and GAA supplementation to NC group were able to improve the health status of the birds. However, to improve the production efficiency, future research is needed to elucidate the effect of combined products in birds fed on such low ME diets.

Egypt's poultry industry has been adversely impacted by multiple outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in recent years, resulting in significant economic losses. So, this research aimed to identify and characterize IBH and HPS in broiler and broiler breeders’ flocks across the country for three years (2020-2022). Clinical cases of fowl adenovirus (FAdVs) infection in 835 flocks (10,000–20,000 birds in each flock) were investigated from 11 Egyptian provinces for identifying and genotyping FAdVs. The examined flocks showed variant symptoms of diarrhea, anemia, and general weakness. An enlarged, yellowish, and friable liver with necrotic foci was observed at necropsy, along with hydropericardium effusions, an enlarged, mottled spleen, enteritis, severe pancreatitis, and an inflamed bursa. DNA extracted from suspected isolates was analyzed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing targeting the loop L1 of the hexon gene. The sequences were analyzed using BLAST and compared to adenovirus available in the GenBank database NCBI.  FAdVs were detected in 22.4% (146/650) of broiler flock samples and 32.9% (61/185) of broiler breeders’ flocks. Additionally, the hexon gene was subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which revealed that FAdVs can be classified into four genotypes. (FAdVs B-E) were detected from 34 represented samples (n= 34), 1 out of 34 FAdV-B, 3 out of 34 FAdV-C, 22 out of 34 FAdV-D, and 8 out of 34 FAdV-E (4 with 8a and 4 with 8b), FAdV-D was the most predominant. This investigation revealed the existence of infectious FADVs of various genotypes, and it is critical to design an effective vaccination program and comprehensive epidemic prevention in both broiler and broiler breeders’ flocks in Egypt.

Synbiotic and/or antibiotic supplementation effect on biochemical parameters, gene expression, meat quality, and antibiotic residues were evaluated in this study involving broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens bacteria. A total of 120 one-day chicks were divided into five groups. Group A and B were control negative and control positive. Group C supplemented with synbiotic (PoultryStar®). Group D supplemented with antibiotic (Flagymox®). Group E supplemented with mixed antibiotic and synbiotic. On the 14th day, all groups except group A were inoculated with Clostridium perfringens bacteria. Supplementation of synbiotic alone or in combination with antibiotic resulted in improving the serum protein and albumin levels, glucose concentrations, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), serum creatinine, uric acid, oxidative and anti-oxidative activities (decrease MDA and increased SOD, CAT and GPx activities). The expression of IL10, CAT, SOD and GPx mRNA was upregulated. Additionally, there was an improvement in meat quality (elevated protein and low fat contents and reduced TBARS contents, with no effect on moisture or ash content). However, antibiotic supplementation revealed antibiotic residues in meats of broilers. In conclusion, synbiotic supplementation shows potential in mitigating necrotic enteritis and can play role as alternative to antibiotics for broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens.

Consumption of poultry contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni is the main source of sporadic campylobacteriosis in humans, while fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance and analyze phylogenetics by sequencing gyrase subunit A from broiler Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The contents of 200 chicken intestines were taken from chicken farms in 4 sub-districts (Sukorejo, Pandaan, Kejayan, and Grati) in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. The Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypically. Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance genotypically through detection of the gyrA gene. A phylogenetic tree based on gyrA genes was created using MEGA12. The results showed that 31 Campylobacter jejuni isolates had high resistance to nalidixid acid (100%), enrofloxacin (96.7%), and ciprofloxacin (93.6%). All Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) were fluoroquinolone resistant phenotypically and had the gyrA gene genotypically. Phylogenic analysis showed that the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene sequence isolated from broilers from different sub-districts were highly related. Sequence results from broilers with gyrA gene sequences from humans appear to be in the same cluster, indicating that zoonotic transmission can occur. The discovery of a high percentage of fluoroquinolone resistance genes, where fluoroquinolone is the first line drug for the treatment of diarrhea in humans, should certainly be an important issue related to human health.

To develop local breeds, the first action should be to investigate how the breeds have been raised and grown. The study aimed to determine nutritional practice and reproduction characteristics of Noi chickens in Ben Tre Province. A total of 90 respondents were involved with this study by a purposive sampling method. The data were collected by in-depth interview. A descriptive analysis was used for this study. The results showed that male farmers were dominant, being more than 25 years old, and labour was mostly from family member. Noi chickens were raised for laying purpose and usually integrating with other livestock at the farm. As traditional farms, farmers raised Noi chickens under semi and free-range farming system with water and feed from natural resources and still using hens to hatch eggs and produced chickens. Noi laying performance was not high and most farms did not record information of laying performance. Besides, Noi chickens have first laying egg at 22 weeks with an average of 1-2 egg per week and 2-4 cycle laying per year. The common feed was commercial feed, and farmers always mixed with other agriculture products and by-products. The nutritional value of feed was insufficient for layer production and depending on the seasons and locality with the highest crude protein 11.8 and the lowest was 4.3. It can be concluded that farmers still practice traditional method in raising Noi chickens and laying performance of Noi chicken were not high on farmer’s farm.

The present work was carried out to study the effect of different levels of Moringa Oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) content as untraditional feedingstuff constituents on ducks performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and meat chemical composition. A total of 50 mulard ducklings (two weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 ducklings each. The first group was considered the control group (T1) and was fed ad-libitum on a grower-finisher diets. The remaining four groups (T2, T3, T4 and T5) were fed on diets containing MOLM at levels of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric (3000 kcal/kg ME) and isonitrogenous (16% CP) as recommended by NRC (1994) for growing ducks. The experiment was extended for 8 weeks. Growth performance parameters include body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed-to-gain ratio, relative growth rate, performance index, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, energy intake and calorie efficiency ratio were all recorded. At the end of the experiment, three randomly selected ducks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics, meat chemical composition and blood biochemical parameters. The results showed that ducks fed diets containing 2 and 4% MOLM had higher in body weight and weight gain than ducks fed diets containing 6 and 8% MOLM. Feeding of different levels of MOLM to ducklings had no significant effect on feed consumption. The best feed conversion ratio was recorded in group T3 followed by group T2 compared to other tested groups and control T1. Ducks in group T3 fed on 4% MOLM showed improvements in their relative growth rate (RGR) and performance index (PI) compared to other tested and control groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between the control group and the other tested groups in terms of protein intake and protein efficiency ratio, as well as energy intake and calorie efficiency ratio of ducks. Pre-slaughter weight, eviscerated weight and dressing weight were significantly higher in groups T2, T3, T4 fed (2%, 4%, 6%) MOLM compared to those fed on 8% MOLM and control diets. There were no significant differences in the relative weights of the internal organs (liver, heart, proventriculus, gizzard and spleen). Supplementation of duck diets with MOLM significantly (P<0.05) increased DM, CP, EE of the breast and thigh meat compared to the control group, while ash content was not affected. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences between different experimental groups in hematological pictures, except for WBCs, lymphocytic count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT) and platelets. Inclusion of MOLM in duck diets reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while the serum total protein and its fractions (albumin and globulin) were not affected. It was concluded that supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in duck diets had beneficial effects on the growth performance parameters, meat composition and carcass characteristics, as well as improved the immunity by increasing the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes and reduced serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations.